加拿大建筑资产行业的数字化转型

DigitalTransformationintheCanadianBuiltAssetIndustrytructurenadabjectmatterntentinthispublicationTableofContents BIMinCanada16 4StructuringBIMAdoptionandImplementationinCanada:RespondingtotheThreeChallengesAreas22 3isArea AppendixB—CurrentInternationalInitiativesforBIMStandardizationandGuidance(March2022)72sAppendixD—Non-ExhaustiveListoffederal,Provincial,andMunicipalInitiativesAddressingKeyDriversforChangeintheCanadianBuiltAssetIndustry76ExecutiveSummarydesigningstimportanteconomicsectorstorevolutionizethewayitoperatesallowingitapingitsbenefitsposessignificantchallengesTheresearchconductedeworktoidentifyandprioritizespecificknowledgeresourcestoaddressthehallengesandsupporttheCanadianbuiltassetindustryinitsdigitaltransformationnsformationframeworktostructurearticulatedinginformationmodellingBIMadoptionandimplementationinCanadaSecondaryobjectivesincludedaptationoradoptionandwhereaoadreviewtedwhichidentifiedovernoteworthyresourcespertainingtoBIMativeandquantitativemethodstivedataanalysissoftwareandstatisticalanalysisThiscesthatarepresentedinthisthefindingsengesthattheCanadianbuiltassetindustryfacesininitiatingandeadoptionandimplementationofBIMThesechallengesackofappropriateskillsandcompetenciesand3.Incompatibilityofcapabilitiesandworkflowsacrossbuiltassetvaluechains.eofacoherentoperationalframeworkforBIMadoptionandimplementationinsareaThiscouldleadtowastedandmissedopportunitiesreasinglyonandfullpotentialofdigitaltransformationintheCanadianbuiltassetindustry.ionandimplementationmustbedevelopeddtheglobetostandardizetassetindustryTheyulatoryeconomicorotherandthroughclearimplementationpathwayswiththeobjectiveofstructuringandguidinghowinformationisacquired,learCanadianpositiononBIMadoptionandtassetindustrythroughthedevelopmentofanoperationalframeworkeadandbesuccessfulinitsBIMadoptiondarticulatethemwithinthebroaderdigitaltransformationframework,withafocusontherelationshipbetweentheftheframeworkandhowtheyaresupportedthroughthesedefinedresourceseedtotransformhowthebuiltenvironmentispeoplearoundthegloberesiliencyofinfrastructurehousingallactorssignificantovernmentindustryandcinstitutionsisnecessarytodrivedigitalheiversandmaintainsthebuiltenvironmentInthisreportdigitaltransformationisisusedtorestructureeconomiesinstitutionsandsocietyonasystemlevel”expressionthroughbuildinginformationmodelling(BIM)anddigitaltwinning,impliesafundamentalustrysrelationshiptobuiltassetdatasignificanceofthistransformationanditsimplicationscomprisesindividualsorsAtitscoredigitaltransformationofthebuiltassetindustryimpliesacompleterethinkthevaluechainandtslifecycleOverthepast"Digitaltransformation,anditscurrentexpressionthroughbuildinginformationmodelling(BIM)anddigitaltwinning,impliesafundamentalchangeintheindustry’srelationshiptobuiltassetdataandinformation."wsandstructuresandrenewpolicytosupportthisiventhebuiltassetindustryswellamelyytoinnovateisacomplexundertaking[5],[6].owinginterestfordigitalonintheCanadianbuiltassetindustrydforthisreportidentifiedanddocumentedtheneedforspecificsupportthedigitaltransformationprocessthroughlementationofBIMInthepastllyaroundguidanceandstandardizationllknowntheareasofdigitalmplementationanddiffusionofessesandtechnologieserthereiscurrentlynocommonframeworktoidentifyandtateandturethistransformationinCanadaadigitaltransformationframeworktostructuretheadaandtoobjectivesincludedvalidatingcurrentindustryusetheglobediscussingtheiredwashinderingtheadoptionandimplementationofBIMindentifiedthroughLackofappropriateskillsandcompetenciestosupportBIMimplementation;and3.Incompatibilityofcapabilitiesandworkflowssolutionswereputforward:withdigitalizedprojectdeliveryandbuiltasset2.Upskillindustrystakeholdersacrossindustryrebodyofedgeand3.StructurepracticeandharmonizecapabilitiesdizationframeworkforBIMadoptionpositionspecificneedsforwledgeresourcestosupportBIMadoptionandtyfiveknowledgeresourcesofknowledgeresourcessupportingBIMadoptionkeyrsanddefineanactionplantohelptheCanadianbuiltassetindustryinitsdigitalthebenefitsaccruedthroughthissignificantendeavour.Theresearchprojectemployedamixed-methodapproachtodatacollectionandanalysistodevelopadigitaltransformationframeworkthatwouldservetostructurethestandards,guidelines,andotherknowledgeresourcesneededtosupportBIMadoptionandimplementationinCanada.Aspresentedbelow,thedatacollectionandanalysisaswellasthevalidationprocessinvolvedinterviews,surveys,documentanalysisandworkshops.Semi-structuredinterviewswereconductedwith24keystakeholders,includingrepresentativesfrommajornationalandinternationalorganizations,governmentofficialsinvolvedinBIMacrossCanada,andindustryrepresentativesbothwithinCanadaandinternationally.Intervieweesincludedfourrespondentsfromtheacademic/institutionaldomain,twofromthearchitecturaldomain,threefromprofessionalassociations,twogeneralcontractors,threefromtheengineeringdomain,fiverepresentingpublicowners,twosoftwarevendors,andthreefromotherdomains,suchasBIMconsultants.MostintervieweeswerefromCanada(20),specificallyfromBritishColumbia(2),AlbertaOntarioQuebec),andNewBrunswick(1).TwointervieweeswerebasedintheUnitedStates(US),oneintheUnitedKingdom(UK),andoneinAustralia.Interviewscoveredthefollowingtopics:egionandntrytheirorganizationrojectsmentnationallyachabroadernceandtohelpwithgeneralizingandprioritizingfgraphicsfshpertainedtoBIMattheousCanadianBIMandtheirbeliefsregardingitsoninCanadaIMennsesbydisciplinetterunderstandingoftheCanadianindustrysprioritiesregardingBIMstandardsmentanddiffusion Interior design,2%design,2%Urbanplanning,1%engineeringplanning,1%Trades,4%Softwareengineering,4%Architecture,Architecture,42%engineering,6%Structuralengineering,7%Constructionmanagement,7%Civilengineering,12%urereviewedoverdifferentresourcespertainingevelopmentadoptionomdfromexistinglistsincludingtheBIMGuidesBIMLibraryOtherdocumentswerefoundthroughaninternetforBIMguidesorthroughindustrycontactsesdnsuchawaythattheyrehedatabaseandtheirscoperemit,relationship,andapplicabilitywereconfirmed.tionethatlyindicatesahighlevelofBIMmaturitytandardssincludingudedinthehanbeingapartoftheecosystemitself.Intermsofscope,certaindocumentswithlimitedscopewereexcluded.Forexample,BIMrequirementsforuniversitieswereexcludedasthereachonlyextendstotheuniversityitself.TheoutcomesofthisstageprovidedtheresearchteamwithathoroughunderstandingofthelandscapeofexistingBIM-relatedstandardsanddocumentsandtheirdiffusionbothnationallyandinternationally.heldinwhichthefindingswereourcesneededalongwiththeesParticipantsupsoneforownersandtwokedscorebasedntedinSectionhadparticipantsandwasheldintheprioritizedactivitiesanddeliverables.DigitaltransformationinthebuiltassetindustryanditsrealizationthroughBIMadoptionandimplementationtryreformaroundtheworld,includingthoselaidoutinenessProjectansformingindustrythathavetargetedspecificactionsandhighlightedopportunitiesforthertsmustbestructureddirected,andsustainedtoenabletheCanadianbuiltassetindustrytoperformbetterandbemoreproductivewhileimprovingthequality,sustainability,andperformanceoftheCanadianbuiltenvironment.Moreover,thistransformationmustprovidebenefitsforindustrystakeholdersaswellasCanadiancitizens.Theresearchconductedforthisreportidentified,confirmed,andprioritizedthefollowingfivedriversofchangeintheCanadianbuiltassetindustry:significantclimateaction;2.Theeconomiccrisis,includingpost-pandemicyryThehousingcrisis4.Aginginfrastructure;and5.Thegrowinglabourandskillsshortage.dNationsspecificallytargetthebuiltassetindustryandheclimateandnaturalenvironmentmustundergosignificantreformandtransformitsminimizedopercentbelowgectiveandunderperformsThe“productivitygap”betweenconstructionandotherrialsectorshaspromptedsforactionSolutionsmustbeputforwardtoincreasetheindustry’sproductivityandperformance.uctionindustry’sproductivityquiresactiontostreamlinetheplanningthecountry.lyyinfrastructureisapproachingcriticalconditionanddoflifeSolutionsmustbefoundtofacilitatesexistinginfrastructureortheableinfrastructuretionofxistinginfrastructureructurethelabour/econstructionindustryisparticularlysensitivensmustbeputforwardtoamaketheindustryinterestingfworkersbupskilltheforceandenableittoembracenewftheconstructionindustrybyeliminatingriskyandughvariousmeansssoftheexistingworkforceDigitaltransformationinthebuiltassetindustrycanprovidesignificantbenefitsthatsupportthedeliveryofhelprealizetheiroutcomesredthroughitscontributiontothecountry’seconomyanditsimpactCanadianconstructionindustrydirectlycontributedDPialnonresidentialionthethroughconsumptionofmanufacturedproductsanduiltGDP[20].orytheintermsoffundingsource[23].crossdifferentsectorsincludingbuildingandcivilcentofspendingwasinengineeringconstructionandcivilinfrastructure[24],altospendingintheresidentialofspendingInstitutionalandgovernmental5%CommercialMultipledwellingbuilding20%in Industrial4%Engineering40%construction40%Singledwellingbuilding,21%ltipledwellingsThecialinstitutional,andindustrialdomains[25].yissuesFigure3showsthatlabourproductivityintheconstructionindustryisconsiderablylowercomparedngindustriesMoreoverlabourproductivityructionindustryhasstagnatedoverthettwodecadescomparedtoothersectorstedcharacteristicthatimposescertainconstraintsonhowndcanbetransformedtindustryproduceseightofbuildingmaterialsdeliveredtoabuildingsiteotalfconstructionrenovationanddemolitionalsfthebuiltenvironmentanditsimpactonthehealthiltsenlackofspendingcanbeattributedtotheindustry'sryvsallindustriesmanufacturingandbusinesssectorexcludingfarms055450AllindustriesConstructionBusinesssectorindustries,excludingfarms Manufacturing2000304050608920003040506089ndustryinCanadaFromanenvironmentalperspective,theconstructionindustryhasasignificantimpactonCanada’snaturalenvironment.Thefirstmeasureofthisimpactistheamountofgreenhousegasemissionsproducedbythebuiltenvironmentoveritslifecycle.AccordingtoNaturalResourcesCanada,in2018,theconstructionindustryproduced7.5metrictons(Mt)ofCO2emissions(1.5%oftotal),residentialbuildingsproduced65.9MtofCO2emissions(12.8%oftotal),andcommercial/institutionalbuildingsproduced49.0MtofCO2emissions(9.5%oftotal).Combined,thebuiltassetindustryproduced23.8%oftotalCO2emissionsinCanada[27].Furthermore,asillustratedinFigure4,theamountofCO2emissionsproducedbytheconstructionindustryhasgrownconsistentlyoverthepasttwodecades,morethandoublingsince2000.iltassetindustryInitiativesaimedatopingandformalizingknowledgeshouldsupportassetindustryeopportunitiesfortransformationthehowanhelpdengineeringcanhelpropriateandmeetsthesincludeetsthroughadvancedlitiesareandhowtomaximizeusageattheportfolioorregionallevelttollaborative/relationalprocurementmodesgratedssndmodLeandesignandularconstructionoductionstrategiesAdvancedprojectplanning3DprintingPredictiveportfolioplanning andremoteequipmentvebuildingmaterialsandproductsnsHighperformancebuildingsionandrobotizationcaptureHighperformancebuildingscludeintegratedchainsenabledthroughheapplicationofleandesignctiontechniquesandadvancedprojectinehowbuiltassetsndustrystakeholders•Transforminghowitisusedandmaintained.Increasedconnectivityandadvancesincomputingcanhelpmakerealtimeanalysisandpredictionspossible.Conceptssuchashigh-performancebuildings,focusingonusercomfort,andadaptivereusecanensurebuiltassetsarefit-for-useovertheirlifecycles.Theuseofdigitaltwinsanddigitalthreadsisbecomingincreasinglypopular.transformationdimensionswhichincludetechnologyatcanenabletransformationacrossbuiltassetlifecycles.nandBIMspanandconnectalleycansupportnotalloftheinnovationsandopportunitiesitalizationForRachingeretsservesastheframeworkfordigitalization,whichisthe“exploitationofdigitalisyexplainthedigitalmodellingofbuildingproductdataappearedinthetscoiningansformationacrossbuiltassetlifecyclessttwodefinitions[37]:digitalrepresentationofphysicalandfunctionalarednowledgeresourceforinformationaboutafacilityecisionsduringitsgfromearliestconceptiontodemolition(adaptedfrom[38]).informationmodelsofabuildingprojecttoimproveoperationofaprojectorportfoliooffacilities(adaptedfrom[39]).ingstoringmanagingandmaintaininginformationinallitsforms”[40].informationanditsusetosupportdecision-makingbyandgainspopularityinothersectorsofthebuiltincludingcivilinfrastructuresthenounstoorestrictiveintermsofapplicationdelthemodellingandtheforthepurposeofthisreportBIMconcernsallbuiltndnsomimpressivematurity,[…]butwedon'thaveconsistentaveawaytopracticeandwhattheytalkabout,andtheirideasandtheirconceptsyoukindofgetafeelforwhetherornotantifyourlevelofBIMinCanada(BIMExpert,GovernmentOrganization)TherateofBIMadoptionandimplementationinCanadahasbeeninvestigatedthroughaseriesofstudiesoverthepasttwodecades[39],[40],[41],[42],[43],[44],[45],[46],[47],[48].Duetoinconsistencyinfindingsandsamplesize,itisdifficulttoconductcross-caseanalysisoruncovertrends.Moreover,asrecentreportsfromtheUniversityofTorontoacknowledge,samplesmaybebiasedduetothechannelsthroughwhichthesurveysweredistributed[40],[41],[42].Inotherwords,BIMadoptionratesmayhavebeenreportedashigherthantheyare,asmanyoftherespondentsoperateintheBIMdomain.TwosurveysfromQuebecwithlargersamplesizesshowedlowerBIMadoptionrates[41],[50].Inbothcases,themethodologycastabroadnetwithintheQuebecconstructionindustry,andthereforemaybemorerepresentative.Despitethedifficultyquantifyingtheactualadoptionandimplementationrates,bytriangulatingthedifferentdatasetsandincludingthedatacollectedandanalyzedforthisreport,thereisacleartrendintheincreaseofBIMadoptionandimplementationacrossCanada[39],[40],[41],[42],[43],[44],[45],[46],[47],[48].cordingtotheinterviewstherateofBIMadoptionentationishigherinmajorurbancentresfactors,includingmoreopportunitytoimplementBIM,ndmajorurbancentres.havebeenworkingtodevelopandsupportBIMadoptionwithintheirstrategies.dingBIMadoptionandimplementationoverthegenciesordepartmentscalassetsrlytheirofficeandinstitutionalassetsnamelylMAlbertaInfrastructurepubliclyjectDeliveryrequirementsnumberofcapitalprojectcontracts.BritishColumbiadoption"EvidencefrompastinitiativesandfromthefindingsofthisresearchsuggestthattheuseofBIMinCanada,asinotherjurisdictionsaroundtheworld,hasgrownsignificantlyoverthepastdecade."rioisconsideringMonsomeoftheircapitalprojectsombothjectsincludingtheCityofCalgaryandGISesreasonnonacrossdomainsisgrowingtoincludealargerportionoflyadoptersofBIMandoptionandimplementationbyownersdesignisthemostadvancedmsofconsultantsstructuralatformasareelectricalandmechanicalconsultants,somewhatcivilandalmostneverinlandscapeInteriorsisnowstartingtokindofcatchupabittothearchitecturalpractice,butstillsignificantlyfurtherbehind.AndwearestartingtoseemoresubcontractorsstartingeryInfactsomeofthemoresophisticatedsubcontractorswillactuallydeliverBIMshopdrawingswhicharealwaysgreatandappreciatedforenhancedcoordination.Butthat'sstillprettyhitormisswithintheindustry,I'dsay.(BIMExpert,DesignFirm)andpublicclientsisgrowingllbedevelopedwhichateconfusionintheindustryndimplementationforighwithrespondentsindicatingthatBIMuseisonlargercommercialinstitutionalrivatedriveperformanceduringthedesignandconstructionestilllaceelopersjustsellinglity(BIMExpert,ConsultingFirm)ofBIMerateofBIMadoptionandlsomuchtaskedwiththeprojectsdelivery.llysuchrelatingtotheactivitiestypicallyundertakenduringringtheoperationsphasewhicheingtheimplementationprocessovidethemostvalueAfterthefacilityortheassetisbuilt,whatarewegoingtodowiththemodelThisiswheremunicipalitiesifwecanstarttoconnectlocationswiththeGISmodelsthentheremaybevaluetherebutitsalltheoreticalatthispoint.(BIMExpert,EngineeringFirm)haseclearbenefitsofBIMinsupportingdesignformanufacturingandassemblyDfMA[52].sInformationModelingduringafacilityslifecycletofromgenerating,collaborating-onandlinkingModelsesystemMARTInternationalndocumentationandtedasthetopBIMcreationofDdocumentsdesignsupportashdetectionastsindicatedthatthetopusesofBIMwereyactionplanningworkshopswithorganizationsthatparticipatedintheclashdetectionhouldbepetenciesludingtoolsandilllikelygrowinpopularityandgaintractionintheindustry.IMlincorporatingallofionsofdigitaltransformationandBIMpeedtheopportunitiesandbenefitsidentifiedintheliterature.ogyerecommissionedtodevelopfromapplyingtheBMMframeworktotwoprojects,ingtheoperationsatureEconomicbenefitstothebuiltassetindustryEnvironmentalbenefitstothebuiltassetindustrySocialbenefitstothebuiltassetindustryyonsiteconstructionsectorknow-howitalmarketycyucturereducedsumptionlitytoattractpeopletotheindustryty•AttractionofdigitaltalenttoconstructionEconomicbenefitstothebuiltenvironmentEnvironmentalbenefitstothebuiltenvironmentSocialbenefitstothebuiltenvironmentojectdesignandcommissioningioncostsinterventiontimeduringtheoperationworkerationphaseonrdsconsultationentcareandningforinstancelvalueofinformationmanagement(throughdigitaltransformationandMinthebuiltassetindustryThefindingsshpoundinvestedinrcostsavingsproductivitygainedthroughinformationmanagementnualtetosocialvaluethroughhigherqualityandmorecietalbenefitsaredrivingBIMadoptionandareslowlybeinganecdotaltoquantifiablegesindocumentingthesehegrowingevidenceidetheBIMadoptionandmotivationareincreasingllengeshinderthistransformationprocess.andchallengestodigitaltransformationinthebuiltdrcollaborationinteroperabilityofinformationtrainingandnagementanddifficultyforsmalltoeraldecadesagotoinnovationanddigitaltransformationinthebuiltindustryimportantbarrierscanbeclassifiedintothefollowing2.Legal3.Managerial4.Fiscal5.HumanopriatebusinessmodelsandednatureofthearchitectureficultiesmentfinitiativeandhesitancemisunderstandingofBIM[68],[69].avebeeninvestigatednddescribedthroughdifferentstudiesandconfirmedtrystakeholderslacksignificantchallengesrevious[45],[46],[47],[48].itsfiednromaed(BIMExpert,DesignFirm)challengestoBIMadoptionandimplementationvewereconsistentlymentioneduttheinterviewsTheobjectiveoftheicallyquantifythesebarriersveytifiedandfBIMadoptionandhlightingafourthchallengeareaperationalframeworkforBIMadoptionandefullpotentialofBIMadoptionandimplementationbyintroducingsignificantvariabilityinitsapplicationanddeployment.ucturendsupportorganizationwideBIMadoptionthesecanleadtoincompatiblepracticesandworkflowswhenworkingwithinprojectsettingsevalidatedthroughtheinterviewsongthetopbarriersemandbeingauniversaltheme.cantbarriersfordigitaltransformationandBIMadoptionandimplementation.equiresastructuredproachsationinconsistencyofworkflowsBIMbasedorhybridtacticprocessandtechnicalhinderthefullpotentialofBIMimplementationlyrealizetheopportunitiesofBIMadoptionandimplementationgesshouldfacilitatethisdigitaltransformationandprovidegmentsItgarnerfar-reachingsupport.fknowledgeBoKtosupportBIMinternationallyitdoestaccountforrecentstandardizationeffortsandtheproachproposedbelowesisandsupportthedigitaltransformationoftheirIMalongwithdigitalizedprojectdeliveryandtassetmanagemententrssuildingonacorebodyofknowledgeBoKAskilledandcompetentworkforcewiththecapacitytofullyimplementandbenefitfromBIManddigitaltransformation.onizethroughstandardization.thatbenefitfromincreasedopportunitiesprocessesworkflowsandinformationflows.sandwledgeresourcestosupportBIMadoptionandtivityinthisfieldaroundtheworldandhowitcouldinformresponsesto4.1BIMAdoptionandImplementationFrameworksionalframeworkforBIMadoptionandeseentsectandindividuallevelsementationTheseframeworksdimensionsandspecificcriteriaor