国嵌实验手册2011-课程5内核驱动深入

嵌入式Linux内核驱动深入实验手国嵌编著嵌入式LINUX培训该资料归属国（简称“国嵌”）所有,并保留。非经国嵌同意(形1.1：kobjectSysfs文件系统工作原理，kobject工作原理 测试创建的文件是否可读#mkdir/home/guoqian/5-4-1#cd/home/guoqian/5-4-1说明：上图kobject.ko为编译生成的内核模块#cpkobject.ko在加载内核模块前先查看当前#ls#insmodkobject.ko在加载模块后查看#ls #ls/sys/kobject_test/ 首先测试是否可#cat再测试是否可#echo1234>/ 再次查看#ls 件系统相似，相比于proc文件系统，使用sysfs导出内核数据的方1.2：busBus设备模型工作原理编写内核模块，向系统中添加一条总线#mkdir/home/guoqian/5-4-2#cd/home/guoqian/5-4-2说明：上图bus.ko为编译生成的内核模块#cpbus.ko在加载内核模块前先查看当前#ls#ls#insmodbus.ko查看#ls#ls说明：从上图可以发现，属性文#ls9.总线属性文件信#cat说明：属性文件，函数show_bus_version被调用打印输出相应信#rmmodbus再次查看#ls#ls说明：从上图可以看出总线/sys/bus/my_bus，属性文/sys/bus/my_bus/version，总线设/sys/devices/my_bus0被删除为：pci,usb,i2c,i2s,tform等驱动。本实验需要大家掌握最本的总线操作，如：总线创建与删除、总线属性文件的读写等1.3：deviceDevice设备模型工作原理基于实验5.4.2实现的总线，在该总线上添加一个设备#mkdir/home/guoqian/5-4-3#cd/home/guoqian/5-4-3说明：上图device.ko为编译生成的内核模块#cpdevice.ko在加载内核模块前先查看当前#ls#ls#insmod注：先加载实验5.4.2总线模#insmod注：然后在该总线上添加一个设查看#ls/sys/bus/my_bus/devices#ls/sys/devices/my_bus0/#ls/sys/devices/my_bus0/my_dev、创建设备属性文/sys/devices/my_bus0/my_dev/dev#cat#rmmoddevice说明：卸载内核模块时，模块卸载函数完成设备的删除作再次查看#ls/sys/bus/my_bus/devices#ls/sys/devices/my_bus0说明：从上图可以看出设备my_dev从总/sys/bus/my_bus上被成功的删除1.4：driverDriver设备模型工作原理基于实验1.2和实验1.3，在该总线上一个驱动程序#mkdir/home/guoqian/5-4-4#cd/home/guoqian/5-4-4说明：上图driver.ko为编译生成的内核模块#cpdriver.ko在加载内核模块前先查看当前#ls#ls#insmod注：加载总#insmod注：在总线上添加设#insmod注：为总线上设备添加驱调用，打印输出语句”Driverfounddevicewhichmydrivercanhandle!”；除了驱动，函数my_driver_init/sys/bus/my_bus/drivers/my_dev/drv查看#ls#ls说明：在加载驱动内核模块时，函数在总/sys/bus/my_bus上添加设备驱/sys/bus/my_bus/drivers/my_dev、创建驱动属性文/sys/bus/my_bus/drivers/my_dev/drv#cat#rmmoddriver说明：卸载内核模块时，模块卸载函数完成驱动的删除作再次查看#ls实验1.5：tform驱动模掌握tform驱动模型工作原理使用tform驱动模型改写按键驱动程设计应用程序，测试tform驱动是否可#mkdir/home/guoqian/5-4-5#cd/home/guoqian/5-4-5#cd/home/guoqian/4-3-1/linux-2.6.29 configARCH=armPILE=arm-注：按键驱动位于Devicedrivers-->Characterdevices<>ButtonsdriverforFriendlyARMMini2440/QQ2440developmentboards#make根据实验要求编写内核模块t_device部分t_device.c（见实验代码光盘5-4-5）；编写t_driver编写Makefile(见实验代码光盘5-4-说明：上图t_device.ko和t_buttons.ko为编译生成 t_buttons.ko使用重新编译后的内核起根文件系首先加载t_device内核模块#insmodt_device.ko说明：在加载t_device内核模块时，模块初始化函tform_init被调用，该函数完成t_device的定义和注加载t_buttons内核模块#insmodt_buttons.ko说明：在加载t_buttons内核模块时，模块初始化函数buttons_init被调用，该函数完成t_driver的定义和操作。在t_driver时内核会在相应的tform总线动中函数mini2440_buttons_probe(t_buttons.c)被调由于t_driver中采用混杂型字符设备驱动方式来设#ls-l/dev/*|grep说明：主设备号：10，内核分配的次设备号：57#arm-linux-gcc–staticapp-button.c–oapp-button#cpapp-button/nfsroot/rootfs/tmp运试程运行应用程序，并按键测试功能是否实现#./app-是多次，这是因为按键没有去抖动。可采用延时的方式抖动#rmmodt_buttons.ko#rmmodt_device.ko总结：tform是一种虚拟的总线，tform驱动与传统的设备驱动模型相比，优势在于tform机制将设备本身的资源2.1：DM9000掌握网卡驱动设计规范分析DM9000网卡驱动程序，编写分析文档DM9000网卡驱动位于内核源代码/*模块加载函数staticint init{printk(KERN_INFO"%sEthernetDriver,V%s\n",CARDNAME,/*平台驱动return}/*平台驱动定义staticstructtform_driverdm9000_driver=.driver= =.owner= = = .suspend= =问题：probe调用时机tform.c)册的驱动能驱动该设备，则probe函数被调用。staticint dm9000_probe(structtform_device{ structboard_info*db;/* structure*/structnet_deviceconstunsignedchar*mac_src;intret=0;intiosize;inti;u32/*Initnetworkdevice/*分配ndev=alloc_etherdev(sizeof(structboard_info));if(!ndev){dev_err(&pdev->dev,"couldnotallocatedevice.\n");return-ENOMEM;}SET_NETDEV_DEV(ndev,&pdev->dev);/*setupboardinfostructure*/db=netdev_priv(ndev);memset(db,0,sizeof(*db));db->dev=&pdev->dev;db->ndev=ndev;/*获取tform设备资源 IORESOURCE_MEM,0); IORESOURCE_MEM,1); IORESOURCE_IRQ,0);if(db->addr_res==NULL||db->data_res==NULL||db->irq_res==NULL){dev_err(db->dev,"insufficientresources\n");ret=-ENOENT;goto}iosize=res_size(db-/*I/O内存申请db->addr_req=request_mem_region(db->addr_res->start,if(db->addr_req==NULL)dev_err(db->dev,"cannotclaimaddressregarea\n");ret=-EIO;goto}/*映射db->io_addr=ioremap(db->addr_res->start,if(db->io_addr==NULL)dev_err(db->dev,"failedtoioremapaddressreg\n");ret=-EINVAL;goto}iosize=res_size(db-db->data_req=request_mem_region(db->data_res->start,if(db->data_req==NULL)dev_err(db->dev,"cannotclaimdataregarea\n");ret=-EIO;goto}db->io_data=ioremap(db->data_res->start,iosize);if(db->io_data==NULL){dev_err(db->dev,"failedtoioremapdatareg\n");ret=-EINVAL;goto}/*fillinparametersfornet-devstructurendev->base_addr=(unsignedlong)db->io_addr;ndev->irq=db->irq_res->start;/*ensureatleastwehaveadefaultsetofIOroutines指针*/dm9000_set_io(db,/*checktoseeifanythingisbeingover-ridden/*根据tform的定义（16bit）,再次初始化读写数据帧if(pdata!=NULL)/*checktoseeifthedriverwantstoover-ride*defaultIOwidthif(pdata->flags&DM9000_TF_8BITONLY)dm9000_set_io(db,1);if(pdata->flags&DM9000_TF_16BITONLY)dm9000_set_io(db,2);if(pdata->flags&DM9000_TF_32BITONLY)dm9000_set_io(db,4);/*checktoseeifthereareanyIO*over-ridesif(pdata->inblk!=db->inblk=pdata-if(pdata->outblk!=db->outblk=pdata-if(pdata->dumpblk!=db->dumpblk=pdata-db->flags=pdata-}#ifdefCONFIG_DM9000_/*复位/*ID号并判断是否为/*trymultipletimes,DM9000sometimesgetsthereadwrong*/for(i=0;i<8;i++) =ior(db,id_val|=(u32)ior(db,DM9000_VIDH)<<8;id_val|=(u32)ior(db,DM9000_PIDL)<<16;id_val|=(u32)ior(db,DM9000_PIDH)<<if(id_val==DM9000_ID)dev_err(db->dev,"readwrongid0x%08x\n",}if(id_val!=DM9000_ID)dev_err(db->dev,"wrongid:0x%08x\n",id_val);ret=-ENODEV;goto}/*IdentifywhattypeofDM9000weareworkingon/*DM9000_CHIPR=0x2c寄存器，判断网卡类型id_val=ior(db,dev_dbg(db->dev,"dm9000revision0x%02x\n",switch(id_val)casedb->type=TYPE_DM9000A;casedb->type=TYPE_DM9000B; DM9000E\n",id_val);db->type=}/*fromthispointweassumethatwehavefounda/*driversystemfunction/*初始化以太网ndev的部分成员/*设置ndev的基本操作 = =&dm9000_start_xmit; =&dm9000_timeout;ndev->watchdog_timeo=msecs_to_jiffies(watchdog); =&dm9000_stop;ndev->set_multicast_list=&dm9000_hash_table; =&dm9000_ethtool_ops; =&dm9000_ioctl;#ifdefndev->poll_controller=&dm9000_poll_controller; =NETIF_MSG_LINK; =0x1f;db->mii.reg_num_mask=0x1f; =0; =0; =ndev; =dm9000_phy_read; =/*设置MAC地址的操作#if mac_src="friendly-arm";ndev->dev_addr[0]=0x08;ndev->dev_addr[1]=0x90;ndev->dev_addr[2]=0x90;ndev->dev_addr[3]=0x90;ndev->dev_addr[4]=0x90;ndev->dev_addr[5]=mac_src=/*tryreadingthenodeaddressfromtheattachedfor(i=0;i<6;i+=dm9000_read_eeprom(db,i/2,ndev- NULL){mac_src="tform}if(!is_valid_ether_addr(ndev->dev_addr))/*tryreadingfrommacmac_src="chip";for(i=0;i<6;i++)ndev->dev_addr[i]=ior(db,}if(!is_valid_ether_addr(ndev-Please"setusingifconfig\n",ndev-/*网卡驱动ret=if(ret==printk(KERN_INFO"%s:dm9000%cat%p,%pIRQ%dMAC:%pM(%s)\n",ndev->name,dm9000_type_to_char(db->type),db->io_addr,db->io_data,ndev->irq,returndev_err(db->dev,"notfound(%d).\n",return}问题：open函数调用时机在网卡open函数中应该完成以下操作中断；设置寄存器，启动设备；启动发送队staticintdm9000_open(structnet_device{board_info_t*db= ifdev_dbg(db->dev,"enabling%s\n",dev-/*IfthereisnoIRQtypespecified,defaulttosomething*maywork,andltheuserthatthisisaproblemif(irqflags==dev_warn(db->dev,"WARNING:noIRQresourceflags/*中断irqflags|= dev->name,dev))return-/*InitializeDM9000board/*复位DM9000，初始化的寄存器*//*Initdrivervariable*/ t=0;mii_check_media(&db->mii,netif_msg_link(db),/*开启网络接口发送数据队列return}问题：数据发送函数调用时机答：当网卡有数据要发送的时候，该函数被调用 net_device*dev){unsignedlongboard_info_t*db=netdev_priv(dev);dm9000_dbg(db,3,"%s:\n", if(db-> t>1)return1;/*MovedatatoDM9000TXRAM*/writeb(DM9000_MWCMD,db->io_addr);/*把skb的数据拷贝到DM9000的SRAM中*/(db->outblk)(db->io_data,skb->data,skb->len);dev->stats.tx_bytes+=skb->len; /*TXcontrol:Firstpacketimmedia ysend,secondpacketqueue*/if(db- t==1)/*将要发送数据包的长度写入寄存器/*SetTXlengthtoDM9000*/iow(db,DM9000_TXPLL,skb->len);iow(db,DM9000_TXPLH,skb->len>>/*置0x02寄存器bit0位为1，发送数据/*IssueTXpollingcommandiow(db,DM9000_TCR,TCR_TXREQ);/* complete*/dev->trans_start=jiffies;/*savethetimestamp}else/*Secondpacketdb->queue_pkt_len=skb->len;}spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, thisSKB*/return}问题：网卡有几种类型的中断staticirqreturn_tdm9000_interrupt(intirq,void{structnet_device*dev=dev_id;board_info_t*db=netdev_priv(dev);intint_status;unsignedlongu8dm9000_dbg(db,3,"entering%s\n", /*Arealinterruptcoming/*holdersofdb->lockmustalwaysblockIRQs*/spin_lock_irqsave(&db->lock,flags);/*Savepreviousregisteraddress*/reg_save=readb(db->io_addr);/*Disableallinterrupts/*关闭所有中断iow(db,DM9000_IMR,/*中断状态寄存器，清中断/*GotDM9000interruptstatusint_status=ior(db,DM9000_ISR); /*GotISR*/iow(db,DM9000_ISR,int_status);/*ClearISRstatus*/if /*Receivedthecomingpacket/*文到达中断if(int_status&ISR_PRS)/*TrnasmitInterruptcheck/*报文发送完成中断if(int_status&ISR_PTS)if(db->type!=TYPE_DM9000E)if(int_status&ISR_LNKCHNG)/*firealink-changerequest*/schedule_delayed_work(&db->phy_poll,1);}}/*重新使能中断/*Re-enableinterruptmask*/iow(db,DM9000_IMR,db->imr_all);/*Restorepreviousregisteraddress*/writeb(reg_save,db->io_addr);spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock,return}中断状态寄存器判断出是否是接收中断，接着使用函数dm9000_rx处理接收到的数据。staticdm9000_rx(structnet_device{board_info_t*db=netdev_priv(dev);structdm9000_rxhdrrxhdr;structsk_buff*skb;u8rxbyte,*rdptr;boolGoodPacket;intRxLen;/*Checkpacketreadyornot*/do{ior(db, /*Dummyread/*Getmostupdateddata*/rxbyte=readb(db->io_data);/*Statuscheck:thisbytemustbe0or1*/if(rxbyte>DM9000_PKT_RDY){ request}

iow(db,DM9000_RCR,0x00);/*StopDevice*/iow(db,DM9000_ISR,IMR_PAR);/* if(rxbyte!=DM9000_PKT_RDY)/*Apacketreadynow &Getstatus/length*/GoodPacket=true;writeb(DM9000_MRCMD,db-(db->inblk)(db->io_data,&rxhdr,sizeof(rxhdr));RxLen=le16_to_cpu(rxhdr.RxLen);if length%04x\n",/*PacketStatuscheck*/if(RxLen<0x40){GoodPacket=ifdev_dbg(db->dev,"RX:BadPacket}if(RxLen>DM9000_PKT_MAX)dev_dbg(db->dev,"RST:RXLen:%x\n",}/*rxhdr.RxStatusisidenticaltoRSRregister.if(rxhdr.RxStatus&(RSR_FOE|RSR_CE|RSR_AE|RSR_PLE|RSR_RWTO|RSR_LCS|RSR_RF))GoodPacket=if(rxhdr.RxStatus&RSR_FOE){if(netif_msg_rx_err(db))dev_dbg(db->dev,"fifoerror\n");}if(rxhdr.RxStatus&RSR_CE){if(netif_msg_rx_err(db))dev_dbg(db->dev,"crcerror\n");}if(rxhdr.RxStatus&RSR_RF){if(netif_msg_rx_err(db))dev_dbg(db->dev,"lengtherror\n");}}/*MovedatafromDM9000/*分配if&&((skb=dev_alloc_skb(RxLen+4))!=NULL)){skb_reserve(skb,2);rdptr=(u8*)skb_put(skb,RxLen-/*ReadreceivedpacketfromRXSRAM/*从硬件中数据到(db->inblk)(db->io_data,rdptr,RxLen);dev->stats.rx_bytes+=RxLen;/*Passtoupperlayerskb->protocol=eth_type_trans(skb,/*调用netif_rx将数据交给协议栈}else/*needtodumpthepacket'sdata(db->dumpblk)(db->io_data,}}while(rxbyte==}2.2掌握网卡驱动设计规实现回环网卡驱动程#mkdir/home/guoqian/5-5-2#cd/home/guoqian/5-5-2说明：上图loopback.ko为编译生成的内核模块#cploopback.ko#insmodloopback.ko由于网络接口驱动本身特点，在 下没有设节点，而是使用socket系统调用内核子系统。故 #ifconfiglotest#rmmodloopback说明：卸载内核模块时，模块卸载函数被调用，函数完成网络接口驱动注销操作2.3：input掌握input子系统驱动模型工作原理以input驱动模式改写按键驱动程设计应用程序，测试驱#mkdir/home/guoqian/5-5-3#cd/home/guoqian/5-5-3由于内核本身自带mini2440按键驱动，为了不跟本验，内核配置时去掉对mini2440按键驱动的支持#cd/home/guoqian/4-3-1/linux-2.6.29 configARCH=armPILE=arm-注：按键驱动位于Devicedrivers-->Characterdevices<>ButtonsdriverforFriendlyARMMini2440/QQ2440developmentboards#make注：按键驱动中断触发方式采沿触发说明：上图input_button.ko为编译生成的内核模块#cpinput_button.ko使用重新编译后的内核起根文件系#insmodinput_button.ko说明：加载内核模块时，模块初始化函数dev_init被#cat说明：主设备号：13，次设备号：64输入子系统设备文件会被自动创#ls-l/dev/*|grep#arm-linux-gcc-staticapp-input.c-oapp-input#cpapp-input/nfsroot/rootfs/tmp运试程#./app-说明：type:1,code:2,value:1-->表示2号键被按下#rmmodinput_button总结：iux系统提供了nut子系统，按键、触摸屏、鼠标等输入型设备都可以利用nut接口函数来实现设备驱动。这里留一个思考题，本实验中断触发方式采沿触发，能否将中断触发方式改为单沿触发？2.4：s3c2440掌握触摸屏驱动工作流程，回顾input子系统驱动模型分析s3c2440触摸屏驱动程软件：linux-2.6.29内核源代模块加载函数主要完成以下工作INT_TC,INT_ADC中断staticint init{structinput_dev/*获取时钟，触摸屏是挂载在APBBUS上的设备，需adc_clock=clk_get(NULL,if(!adc_clock)printk(KERN_ERR"failedtogetadcclocksource\n");return-ENOENT;}/*I/O内存是不能直接进行的，必须对其进行映射if(base_addr==NULL){printk(KERN_ERR"Failedtoremapregisterblock\n");return-ENOMEM;}/*ConfigureGPIOs*/s3c2410_ts_connect*GPIO设置*//*使能预分频和设置分频系数iowrite32(S3C2410_ADCCON_PRSCEN|/*设置ADC延时，在等待中断模式下表示产生的间隔时间,ADC转换周期等待定时器 /*ADCTSC0xd3将触摸屏置为等待中断模式，等待iowrite32(WAIT4INT(0),/*以下配置2.6内核划分出来的输入设备/*Initialiseinputstuffinput_dev=if(!input_dev)printk(KERN_ERR"Unabletoallocatetheinputdevice!!\n");return-}dev=dev->evbit[0]=BIT(EV_SYN)|BIT(EV_KEY)|dev->keybit[BITS_TO_LONGS(BTN_TOUCH)]/*设置绝对坐标x的最小最大值(0-0x3FF)input_set_abs_params(dev,ABS_X,0,0x3FF,0,/*设置绝对坐标y的最小最大值(0-0x3FF)input_set_abs_params(dev,ABS_Y,0,0x3FF,0,input_set_abs_params(dev,ABS_PRESSURE,0,1,0,dev->name=s3c2410ts_name;dev->id.bustype=BUS_RS232;dev->id.vendor=0xDEAD;dev->duct=dev->id.version=/*INT_TC,INT_ADC中断，问题：两种中断的产生/*Getirqsif(request_irq(IRQ_ADC,stylus_action,"s3c2410_action",dev))printk(KERN_ERR"s3c2410_ts.c:CouldnotallocatetsIRQ_ADC!\n");return-EIO;}if(request_irq(IRQ_TC,stylus_updown,"s3c2410_action",dev))printk(KERN_ERR"s3c2410_ts.c:CouldnotallocatetsIRQ_TC!\n");return-EIO;}printk(KERN_INFO"%ssuccessfullyloaded\n",/*Allwentok,soregistertotheinputsystem/*输入设备return}staticirqreturn_tstylus_updown(intirq,void{unsignedlongdata0;unsignedlongdata1;intupdown;了这个锁，才能进入到启动ADC代码部分,注意尽管中信号量因为休眠不适合使用在ISR中，down_trylock是一个例外，它不会休眠if(down_trylock(&ADC_LOCK)==0){OwnADC=1;data0=ioread32(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT0);data1=updown=(!(data0&S3C2410_ADCDAT0_UPDOWN))&&(!(data1&S3C2410_ADCDAT0_UPDOWN));updown=1 updown=0 if(updown)}elseOwnADC=0;}}return}接下来应分析函数touch_timer_fire函数staticvoidtouch_timer_fire(unsignedlongdata){unsignedlongdata0;unsignedlongdata1;intupdown;data0=ioread32(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT0);data1=updown=(!(data0&S3C2410_ADCDAT0_UPDOWN))&&(!(data1&S3C2410_ADCDAT0_UPDOWN));if(updown)/*转换四次后进行汇报if(count!=0){longtmp;tmp=xp;xp=yp;yp=tmp;/*求平均值xp>>=yp>>=input_report_abs(devABS_Xxp);input_report_abs(devABS_Y/*报告按键，键值为1(代表触摸屏对应的被按下input_report_key(dev,BTN_TOUCH,/*报告触摸屏的状态，1表明触摸屏被按下input_report_abs(dev,ABS_PRESSURE,/*同步}

xp=yp=count=完毕

AUTOPST,}elsecount=于等待触摸的阶段*/放)*/input_report_key(dev,BTN_TOUCH,/*报告触摸屏的状态，0表明触摸屏未被按下input_report_abs(dev,ABS_PRESSURE,/*同步/*设置触摸屏为等待中断模式，等待触摸笔按下if(OwnADC){OwnADC=0;}}}制器的处理模式为x/y位置自动转换模式，开启ADCINT_ADCstaticirqreturn_tstylus_action(intirq,void{unsignedlongdata0;unsignedlongif(OwnADC)data0=ioread32(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT0);data1=xp+=data0&S3C2410_ADCDAT0_XPDATA_MASK;yp+=data1&/*如果小于四次重新启动ADC转换if(count<(1<<2))|AUTOPST,iowrite32(ioread32(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON)|}else/*如果超过四次，启动1个时间滴答的定时器，停止mod_timer(&touch_timer,jiffies+1);}}return}INT_ADC中断处理函数主要完成记录四次ADC转换完代码if(updown)/*转换四次后进行汇报if(count!=0){longtmp;tmp=xp;xp=yp;yp=tmp;/*求平均值xp>>=yp>>=input_report_abs(devABS_Xxp);input_report_abs(devABS_Y/*报告按键，键值为1(代表触摸屏对应的被按下input_report_key(dev,BTN_TOUCH,/*报告触摸屏的状态，1表明触摸屏被按下input_report_abs(dev,ABS_PRESSURE,/*同步}

xp=yp=count=AUTOPST,}代码staticstructtimer_listtouch_timer=TIMER_INITIALIZER(touch_timer_fire,0,0);表明定时器处理函数为touch_timer_fire代码mod_timer(&touch_timer,表明定时器超时时间为10msupdownISR,如果能获取ADC_LOCK则调用后，启动1个时间滴答的定时器，停止ADC,也就是说在这样可以防止屏幕抖动3.1：RTL-8139PCIRTC-8139pci网卡，既是一个pci总线驱动，又是一个网络设分析RTL-8139PCI网卡驱动程序，编写分析文软件：linux-2.6.29内核源代RTL-8139PCI网卡驱动位于内核源代码：模块加载函数主要完成以下工作采用pci_register_driverpci驱动程序/*模块加载函数staticint initrtl8139_init_module{/*whenwe'reamodule,wealwaysprintaversion*evenifno8139boardis#ifdefprintk(KERN_INFORTL8139_DRIVER_NAME/*PCI驱动return}/*pci_driver定义staticstructpci_driverrtl8139_pci_driver= = = = = #ifdefCONFIG_PM = =rtl8139_resume,#endif/*CONFIG_PM*/问题：probe调用时机答当pci驱动时内核会在pci总线上去遍历所有的码drivers/pci/pci-driver.c)，匹配方式为设备ID和驱动注册的id_table是否一致；如果匹配成功，说明的驱动能驱动该设备，则probe函数被调用。staticint devinitrtl8139_init_one(structpci_devconststructpci_device_id{/*初始化8139网卡dev=rtl8139_init_board(pdev);if(IS_ERR(dev))return/*TheRtl8139-specificentriesinthedevicestructure./*设置net_device的基本方法dev->netdev_ops=&rtl8139_netdev_ops;dev->ethtool_ops=&rtl8139_ethtool_ops;dev->watchdog_timeo=TX_TIMEOUT;netif_napi_add(dev,&tp->napi,rtl8139_poll,DPRINTK("abouttoregisterdevicenamed%s(%p)...\n",dev->name,dev);/*网卡驱动i=register_netdev(dev);if(i)gotoerr_out;}接下来分析函数rtl8139_init_board和net_device基本方rtl8139_netdev_ops函数static devinitstructnet_device*rtl8139_init_boardpci_dev{/*devandprivzeroedinalloc_etherdev/*分配dev=alloc_etherdev(sizeof/*enabledevice(incl.PCIPMwakeupandhotplug/*在PCI驱动使用PCI设备的任何资源(I/O区或者中断)之前,驱动必须使能设备*/rc=pci_enable_deviceifgoto/*获得bar地址上的资源pio_start=pci_resource_start(pdev,0);pio_end=pci_resource_end(pdev,0);pio_flags=pci_resource_flags(pdev,0);pio_len=pci_resource_len(pdev,0);mmio_start=pci_resource_start(pdev,1);mmio_end=pci_resource_end(pdev,1);mmio_flags=pci_resource_flags(pdev,1);mmio_len=pci_resource_len(pdev,1);/*I/O资源的申请rc=pci_request_regions(pdev,DRV_NAME);if(rc)gotoerr_out;disable_dev_on_err=1;/*enablePCIbus-mastering/*通过设置PCI设备令寄存器允许pci_set_master(pdev);if(use_io){/*I/O地址映射ioaddr=pci_iomap(pdev,0,0);if(!ioaddr){dev_err(&pdev->dev,"cannotmapPIO,rc=-goto}dev->base_addr=pio_start;tp->regs_len=pio_len;}else/*ioremapMMIOregion/*I/O地址映射ioaddr=pci_iomap(pdev,1,0);if(ioaddr==NULL){dev_err(&pdev->dev,"cannotremapMMIO,}

use_io=1;gotodev->base_addr=(long)ioaddr;tp->regs_len=mmio_len;}/*复位rtl8139_chip_reset}/*网络接口操作函数集staticconststructnet_device_opsrtl8139_netdev_ops= = /*网络接口打开函数 = = = rtl8139_start_xmit,/*发送函数 = = =rtl8139_tx_timeout,#ifdefCONFIG_NET_POLL_CONTROLLER =rtl8139_poll_controller,问题：open函数调用时机函数rtl8139_open主要完成以下操作8139DMA缓冲区设置寄staticintrtl8139_open(structnet_device{/*中断retval=request_irq(dev->irq,rtl8139_interrupt,IRQF_SHARED,dev->name,dev);ifreturn/*分配8139接收与传送DMA缓冲区tp->tx_bufs=dma_alloc_coherent(&tp->pci_dev->dev,TX_BUF_TOT_LEN,&tp->tx_bufs_dma,GFP_KERNEL);tp->rx_ring=dma_alloc_coherent(&tp->pci_dev->dev,RX_BUF_TOT_LEN,&tp->rx_ring_dma,GFP_KERNEL);/*开启网络接口发送数据队列netif_start_queuereturn}staticirqreturn_trtl8139_interrupt(intirq,{/*中断状态寄存器spin_lock(&tp-status=RTL_R16/*ReceivepacketsareprocessedbypollIfnotrunningstartitnow./*文到达中断if(status&if(netif_rx_schedule_prep(&tp->napi)){RTL_W16_F(IntrMask,rtl8139_norx_intr_mask); }}/*报文发送完成中断if(status&(TxOK|TxErr)){rtl8139_tx_interrupt(dev,tp,ioaddr);if(status&TxErr)RTL_W16(IntrStatus,}return}RTL8139网卡的发送和接收与前面实验5.5.1DM9000网掌握块设备驱动设计规范模式，测试方法设计ramdisk驱动程序，并测#mkdir/home/guoqian/part5/4-1#cd/home/guoqian/part5/4-1 注：本程序以X86说明：上图blk.ko为编译生成的内核模块#insmodblk.ko#lsmod|grepblk#ls注：查看设备文件是否自动建#mkfs.ext3注意：格式化块设备文件为ext3系#mkdir–p注：创建挂#mount/dev/simp_blkdev/mnt/blk#ls/mnt/blk注：挂载块设备simp_blkdev #cp/etc/init.d/*/mnt/blk#ls/mnt/blk注