对外经济贸易专业英语2004b答案历年考研真题2010-笔记加

2004年攻读入学考试IDefinethefollowingtermsintradediversion:ductportfolio:aproductstrategyinwhichafirmmaintainsacertaincombinationofanew,ductlifecycle:theprocessofproductfromappearingonthemarkettodisappearingonthemarket,includingintroduction,growth,maturityandconcessionaryfinance:thecommercialbanksprovideconcessionaryfinancetotheexportersforfinancingtheexportsofeligiblecommoditiesoncase-by-casebasisagainstindividualFirmExportOrderorIrrevocableLetterofCredit.5MaastrichitTreaty:TreatysignedbyEuropeanCommonMarketheadsinDec.1991,whosemainpurposeistoenhancetheEconomicandMonetaryUnion(EMU)andtobuildacentralbankofEuropeandissueacommoncurrencyfundamentaldisequilibrium:A“fundamentaldisequilibrium”existswhenoutwardpaymentshaveacontinuingtendencynottobalanceinwardpayments.high-contextculture:aculturewherecommunicationdependsonthedegreetowhichmeaningcomesfromthesettingorfromwordsbeingexchanged.car:acombinationofindependentofteninternationalcompaniesintendedtolimitcompetitionandincreaseprofits.IIReadthefollowingpassageandchooseasentencefromthelisttofillinthegapsbelow1B2E3J4G5A6.D7H8III.ReadthearticlebelowandanswerthequestionthathasaverylargetradesurpluswiththeUnitedStates.TheAmericanernmentthoughtthatthe eexportswerecheaperbecauseoftheundervaluedRMB.AndhastheworldsecondlargestreservesofFirst,bothJapanandGermanyhavegreattradesurpluswiththeUS,however,theUSdidn’tbringupanyobjectiontowardsthem.Second,cheaperimportsfromhavebenefitedAmericanconsumers,increasedtheir e;andalsohelptheAmericanindustries.Becausethemoneysavedcanbeusedtobuymorecapitalgoods.Third,’sbuyingheavilyintheUSdebtmarkethashelpedtokeepthemarketstabilityoftheUS.TheUSconsidersasapotentialrivalofitsglobal.ThelargeamountofreservecanbeapowerfulleverageforovertheUSernmentandurgeittotheUS ernmenttotakestandsthatweremoreto’sthinking.What’smorethatifdumpeditsholdingsontothemarketwouldbequickanddevastatingtotheAmericanCheaper-madeexportsintotheUShaveincreasedtheirreal andalsohelpedtheAmericanindustries.Becausethemoneysavedcanbeusedtobuymorecapital-intensivegoods.Moreimportantly’sbuyingheavilyintheUSdebtmarkethascontributedtomuchlowerinterestrateswhichkeeptheUSeconomyfromfallingfurtherandfaster.TheUnitedStatesarguesthattheernmentshouldrevalueRMB.ActuallythestabilityofRMBhascontributedalottothedevelopmentoftheglobaleconomy,aswellastheUSeconomy.AndtheUSblamesthetradesurplusfortheundervaluedcurrency.Thisisridiculous.Actuallyitisbecauseofthelower-costworkersE-C十世纪总体处于全球化的异常时期的观点相一致.但是须抛弃一切企图获得象哲学理论的妄想.因为世界经济还没有变成一个圆圈.也不可能变在久远的过去,世界经济从模型的左上开始起步,那时这两种力量在推动全球化中的力量很微弱.,融合市场的科技尚不成熟,政治和机构的保护还很薄弱.,因此,.远距离两地之间的货物和要素成本非常高.到了十六,十七世纪,一些因素开始发生了变化,但在这一时段更强调政治和机构的变化,从模型的最左端向最右端移动.和航海科技的进步微乎其微,固执地坚持各国之间甚少的贸易往来，缺少创新。C-EInthecurrenteconomicsituation,exchangestabilityisfavorabletoeconomicdevelopment.However,facingthepressuretoappreciaterenminbi,ernmentshouldmakenecessarystrategicadjustments.Objectively,therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagestokeepexchangeratestableandinsistonnoappreciation.Thedisadvantagesarethatthismayleadtoexcessiveexportandexcessiveuseofforeigncapitals.Largereserveofassetsindollarsislikelytoresultinupsetofdomesticandabroadforeignexchangemarketandinflowofinternationalhotmoney.Moreover,stableexchangerateaddsthedifficultytocontrolofthemoneysupplyandit hardtouseinterestrate.Exchangerateisnotamajorfactorthataffectstheeconomicdevelopment.Foranindependenteconomicentity,exchangerateisonlyoneoftheeconomicvariablesthatshouldbeconsidered,butnotthemostimportant.IthasbeentestedbytheAsianfinancialcrisisthatinsistingonthestableexchangerateofRMBdidnotaffecttheeconomicdevelopmentspeed.Exchangeratestabilityitselfisoneofthegoalsformacroeconomicdevelopment.Concerningwiththeexchangeratelevels,regulationonexchangerateformationandexchangeratestability,stabilitygainsthepriority,thenregulationsandratelevels.Stabilityisthemostimportant.Besides,itisacomplicatedprocesstodetermineexchangerate.Byfar,wehavenotbeenabletomasterthedecisivefactorandinterrelationsofthesefactors.Foralargecountrylike,whethertheprevailingrateissuitabledependsonthedomesticeconomicsituation.Thefocusistheoperationconditionsandsustainabilityofeconomicdevelopmentunderthisexchangerateregulationsandlevels.Confrontedwiththepressureofappreciation,thestrategicadjustmentsinthefutureshouldbeinclude:Graduallyeasecontrolsoncapitalitems,encouragedomesticfirmstoparticipateintheinternationaleconomyandlegalizethepurchaseofforeignstocksandbondsandopenothercapitalitems.Adjustexportrebates,reducingthetensionofIntermsoftheforeign,changethetraditionalthinkingthatitisanhonortoearnmoreforeignexchangethroughexportandtheone-sidedstrategyofattractingforeigninvestment.HedgetheexchangereservetoincreasethetensionofmonetaryReducethespeculationtensionbroughtbyshort-termincreaseofforeignIncreasethefloatingextentorchangetopegtoabasketofGraduallyincreasetheflexibilityofexchangeratesystem.VIMemorandumWritingDate:Oct.26thTo:JohnJohnson,viseFrom:Laura,salesteamleaderRe:meetingonsalespromotionOnOctober24th2004,oursalesteamorganizedameetingtoworkoutnewsalesproposalforthenextseason.Jacky,KevinandVivian,JocelynandMikeparticipatedthemeetings.Wenowhaveentrenchedourcompetitivepositionoverotherrivalsonthemarket.Thebusinesshasbeenmature.Nextweareintendedtoconsolidatethegoodimageofour amongtheconsumersandrewardourloyalregularcustomers,soastoattractmorepotentialcustomers.Thepromotioncanbedividedintothreeparts.(1)Partonefocusesontheuniversitycampus.Purchasingmadebyuniversitystudentsconstituteslargepartofthesales.Wepreparetoholdaspecialsaleonseveralcampsofferingfavorablediscountingprice,aswellasmini-packagesamples.Wewillwithcooperatetheuniversitystudentsuniontoworkoutthispart.(2)Parttwofocusesonthesupermarket.Therewillbeapromotionsaleslastingaboutamonthinallthemajorsupermarketsaroundthecity.Ontheaverage,e