2023北京朝阳高三（上）期末英语（教师版）

第18页/共18页2023北京朝阳高三（上）期末英语本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Earlyinmyteachingcareer,Iheardcountlessmake-believestoriesforunfinishedhomework.ThenIgrewlesstrustingandquitted___1___anyexcuse.Whenthestudentsatmynewschooldidn’tfinishhomework,Ineveraskedwhy.Instead,Ijustsighedloudlyandrecordedazerointhegradebook.Isoongainedthe___2___IthoughtIwanted.Oneday,Anthonyapproachedme.“CouldItalktoyou?”heasked___3___.“Iknowyousaidnoexcuse,butIdon’twantyoutothinkI’m___4___becauseIoftencomewithoutmyhomework.”Hethenlookedupatmeforthefirsttime.“It’sjustthat...mydadmovedout,andmymomworksatnight,soIhavetolookaftermylittlebrothers.Often,theycryalot,andit’shardformeto___5___...”Iwasabouttoaskwhyhedidn’ttellmeearlierwhenIsuddenlyrealizedwhy.SoIchangedthe___6___.“Wouldithelpifyoustayedafterschoolandworkedonitbeforeyougohome?”Henoddedhard.Anthonybecamethefirststudentinmyafter-schoolstudysession.Severaldayslater,Terrelljoinedhim,followedbySandyandRandy.Beforelong,Ihadaroomfullofstudents.Theirstorieswerenotamusing,butallvery___7___:·Thepowercompany___8___ourlightsbecausewecouldn’tpaythebill.·Mydadsaysschoolworkisjustawasteoftime.·Wedon’thaveanypaperinthehouse.Ithusdiscoverednotallkidscomefromfamiliesthatare___9___.Notallkidshaveaquietbedroomwithadeskandstudylight.Somedon’tevenhavehome.Mostimportantly,Ilearnedthat“I’lllisten”_____10_____betterthan“Noexcuse!”1.A.inventing B.finding C.accepting D.offering2.A.reputation B.benefit C.experience D.praise3.A.loudly B.shyly C.curiously D.eagerly4.A.poor B.mean C.lazy D.weak5.A.behave B.concentrate C.struggle D.compete6.A.question B.tune C.process D.thought7.A.complex B.moving C.cool D.real8.A.brokedown B.putout C.cutoff D.shutout9.A.disciplined B.peaceful C.traditional D.supportive10.A.works B.feels C.understands D.controls第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。EdwardO.Wilson,the“modern-dayCharlesDarwin”,damagedhisrighteyewhenhe____11____(catch)afishintherivernearhishomeatseven.Thepooreyesightonlyallowedhimtoobservesmall____12____(creature)likeants.Interestedintheselflessnessofants,whichwouldsacrificethemselvesfortheircolony(群体),Wilsondevelopedatheory,____13____(confirm)theexistenceofaltruistic(利他的)behaviorinawiderangeofspecies.Itmadehiminfluentialasbothacloseobserverandapioneeringtheorist.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Researchontherelationshipbetweengratitude(感恩)andphysicalhealthisstillexploring.Theevidenceofexistingstudies____14____(suggest)thattheremaybeaconnection.Itappearsthatmoregratefulpeoplereportsleepingbetterandfeeling____15____(healthy).Besides,gratitudemayleadpeopletoengageinbehaviorsthathelpkeepthemhealthy,likenotsmoking.Nowresearchersstillneedtomakeitclear____16____gratitudeissogoodforourhealth.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。OnOctober12th,Shenzhou-14crewmembersgavealiveclasstothestudentsonEarth.Duringtheclass,thecrewshowedthestudentsascienceglove-box,____17____theplantsexperimentsareperformed.Then,theastronautshadreal-timeinteractionswithstudents____18____videocallsandtheyansweredstudents’questionslike“Whatkindsofplants____19____(bring)tospaceinfuturespaceflights?”Attheendoftheclass,thecrewsaid,“Weexpectyouguys____20____(build)ourspacehomebetterinthefuture.”第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWithmanyChickenSoupfortheSoulbooksindevelopment,wearealwayslookingfornewtalent.Sowhetheryouarearegularcontributorornewtoourfamily,pleaseshareyourstorieswithus.Hereistherecipeforsubmission.StoryGuidelines·Tellaheartwarmingstoryaboutsomethingthathashappenedtoyouorsomeoneyouknow.·Thestoryshouldstart“intheaction”anddrawinthereader.Donotstartyourstorywithanintroductionaboutwhatyouaregoingtosay.·Don’ttryfancymoveswithtenses.Writinginthepresenttenseaboutsomethingthathappenedinthepastrarelyworks.·Keepyourstorywithin1200words.Tighten!TipsaboutsubmittingTheonlywaytosubmityourstoriesistodoitonourwebsite.Amessage,“Thankyou!Yourinformationhasbeenreceived”,istheonlyconfirmationofyoursubmission.Thereisnoemailfromus.Ifyouhaveanyproblems,pleasewriteto:webmaster@.Therearemanytopicsineachofourbooks.Ifyouhaveastorythatyouthinkfitstwoofthetopics,youmaysubmitittoboth.Also,thereisnolimittothenumberofstoriesyoumaysubmitforeachbook.AfterpublicationIfyourstoryisselectedtobepublished,youwillbeaskedtosignourstandardpermissionreleaseagreement.Thismeansthatyoumaintainownershipofyourstorybutyougiveustherightstopublishitanduseitagaininanyfuturebookorourotherproducts.Afteryourstoryispublished,youwillreceivetenfreecopiesofthebookyourstoryappearsin.Youwillbeentitledtobuycasesofyourbooksathalfprice.Youwillalsoreceiveourmonthlynewsletterwithadvancenoticeofnewbooks.21.WhatkindofstoryislikelytobeacceptedbyChickenSoupfortheSoul?A.Astorywithanintroduction. B.Astoryofone’sownexperience.C.Astorywithmorethan1200words. D.Astorywritteninthepresenttense.22.Whatcanwelearnaboutstorysubmission?A.Youcansubmityourstoriesbyemail.B.Astorycanjustbesubmittedtoonetopic.C.Youcansubmitmanystoriestothesamebook.D.Anemailwillbesentforasuccessfulsubmission.23.Ifyourstoryispublished,youwill________.A.loseitsofficialownership B.obtainfuturebooksinadvanceC.getfreecasesofyourbooks D.approveofitsfuturepublicationBAsaPh.D.studentinanewcountrylockdownandhomesicknesscombinedtoleavemefeelinglonelyanddesperatetomeetpeople.TofindtheconnectionsIwasmissing,IsearchedforopportunitiesthatwouldinvolveteamworkasavolunteerontheInternet.Apositionmatchinggraduatestudentswithjobsdrewmyattention.Itneededsomeonewhowouldleadteamsofgraduatestudentvolunteerstohelpbringinindustrypartners,andworkwiththeuniversityadministrationandstudentapplicants.Thechancestointeractwithallthesedifferentgroupswereappealing.Ihadnorelevantexperienceandworriedadisturbancetomystudy,butIstilldecidedImightaswellgoforitandapply.Thefirstfewweeksinmynewrolewerechallenging.Alongwithmyroutinestudy,Iwassuddenlymanagingateamoffourvolunteersandmeetingswithindustryprofessionals.Atfirst,Iwasnervousinmeetingswiththem,feelingIwasn’tpreparedenough.ButasIgainedexperience,theinteractionsbecametrulyenjoyableandrewarding.Sometimestheconversationswentbeyondregularbusinesstotouchoncareerpaths,personalchallenges,andmore.Ibegantoenjoythedailymixofactivities.Ialsolearnedaboutleadership.Atthestart,thingsseemedtogowelluntiloneofmyteammemberstoldmeIwasn’tincludingherfullyindecision-making.Iwasupset;didn’tshetrustmyleadership?ButafterIcalmeddown,Isawthatmaybeshehadapoint.SoIbegantoaskteammemberstoleadsomeofourmeetingsandencouragedthemtoexpresstheirviews.Thisnewapproachallowedustomeetourtargetswhilehelpingeveryonefeelmorecontentandconnected—ascolleagues,butalsoasfriends.Beyondbuildingrelationshipsandskills,thisexperienceexpandedmyhorizonsaboutmyownprofessionalfuture.BeforeIjoined,Ihadonlybeenexposedtoacademiccareerpaths,andIassumedthatwasmyfuture.NowI’verealizedIparticularlyenjoyfeelingpartofateamandaffectingthelivesofothers.AsIgetclosertocompletingmyPh.D.,I’mapproachingjobsearcheswithagoodideaofwhatIwant.24.Whatmadetheauthordecidetoapplyforthevolunteerwork?A.Therelevancetoherstudy. B.Thelongingforafamily.C.Thedesireforsocialcontact. D.Thepreviousworkexperience.25.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’svolunteerwork?A.Itdrivesherawayfromherstudy. B.Itteachesherhowtoconductbusiness.C.Itallowshertoadjustherattitudetolifeandcareer. D.Ithelpsheridentifytheprofessionalpaths.26.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheauthoris________.A.opentonewchallenges B.proudofacademicsuccessC.bravetoovercomeprejudice D.demandingofgroupmembersCFinlandwasknownasaratherquietcountry.Since2008,theCountryBrandDelegation(国家品牌代表团)hasbeenlookingforanationalbrandthatwouldmakesomenoisetomarketthecountryasaworld-famoustouristdestination.In2010,theDelegationissueda“CountryBrandReport,”whichhighlightedahostofmarketablethemes,includingFinland’sfamouseducationalsystem.Onekeythemewasbrandnew:silence.Asthereportexplained,modernsocietyoftenseemsintolerablyloudandbusy.“Silenceisaresource,”itsaid.Silencefirstappearedinscientificresearchasacontrolorbaseline,againstwhichscientistscomparetheeffectsofnoiseormusic.Researchershavemainlystudieditbyaccident,asphysicianLucianoBernardididinhisstudyofthephysiological(生理学)effectsofmusic.“Wedidn’tthinkabouttheeffectofsilence,”hesaid.Bernardiobservedtwodozentestsubjectswhiletheylistenedtosixmusicaltracks.Hefoundthattheimpactsofmusiccouldbereaddirectlyinthebloodstream,viachangesinbloodpressure,carbondioxide,andcirculationinthebrain.“Duringalmostallsortsofmusic,therewasaphysiologicalchangewithaconditionofarousal(兴奋),”heexplained.Thiseffectmadesense,giventhatactivelisteningrequiresattention.Butthemorestrikingfindingappearedbetweenmusicaltracks.Bernardiandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredthatrandomlyaddedstretchesofsilencealsohadagreateffect,butintheoppositedirection.Infact,two-minutesilentpausesprovedfarmorerelaxingthaneither“relaxing”musicoralongersilenceplayedbeforetheexperimentstarted.TheblankpausesthatBernardihadconsideredirrelevant,inotherwords,becamethemostinterestingobjectofstudy.Silenceseemedtobeheightenedbycontrasts,maybebecauseitgavetestsubjectsareleasefromcarefulattention.“Perhapsthearousalissomethingthatconcentratesthemindinonedirection,sothatwhenthereisnothingmorearousing,thenyouhavedeeperrelaxation,”hesaid.Thisfindingisreinforcedbyneurological(神经系统的)research.Relevantresearchshowswhenourbrainsrestquietly,theyintegrateexternalandinternalinformationinto“aconscious(意识的)workspace.”Freedomfromnoiseandgoal-directedtasks,itappears,unitesthequietwithoutandwithin,allowingourconsciousworkspacetodoitsthingtodiscoverwherewefitin.NooraVikman,aconsultantonsilenceforFinland’smarketers,knowssilencewell.LivinginaremoteandquietplaceinFinland,shediscoversthoughtsandfeelingsthataren’tdetectableinherbusydailylife.“Ifyouwanttoknowyourself,youhavetobewithyourself,anddiscusswithyourself,andbeabletotalkwithyourself.”27.WhydoestheauthormentiontheCountryBrandReportinParagraph1?A.TopresenthowFinlandviewedsilence.B.TohighlighttheneedofnoiseinFinland.C.ToexplainwhyFinlandissuedthebrands.D.ToindicatetheauthorityoftheDelegation.28.WhatcanbeinferredaboutLucianoBernardi’sdiscovery?A.Itchallengedthecalmingeffectofmusic.B.Itemphasizedtheroleofsilencebetweensounds.C.Itillustratedthelossofattentivenessaftersilence.D.Itstatedbrains’informationprocessinginthequiet.29.AsforNooraVikman’sattitudetosilence,theauthoris________.A.doubtful B.supportive C.disapproving D.unconcerned30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Silence:ALimitedResource B.Silence:AMisunderstoodToolC.Silence:TheUnexpectedPower D.Silence:TheValuebyContrastsDAfewyearsago,theCityCouncilofMonza,Italy,barredpetownersfromkeepinggoldfishincurvedfishbowls.Thesponsorsofthemeasureexplainedthatitiscrueltokeepafishinsuchabowlbecausethecurvedsidesgivethefishadistortedviewofreality.Asidefromthemeasure’ssignificancetothepoorgoldfish,thestoryraisesaninterestingphilosophicalquestion:Howdoweknowthattherealityweperceiveistrue?Physicistsarefindingthemselvesinasimilartroubletothegoldfish’s.Fordecadestheyhavebeenpursuinganultimatetheoryofeverything—onecompleteandconsistentsetoffundamentallawsofnaturethatexplaineveryaspectofreality.Itnowappearsthatthispursuitmaygeneratenotasingletheorybutafamilyofinterconnectedtheories,eachdescribingitsownversionofreality,asifitviewedtheuniversethroughitsownfishbowl.Thisconceptmaybedifficultformanypeopletoaccept.Mostpeoplebelievethatthereisanobjectiverealityoutthereandthatoursensesandoursciencedirectlyconvey(传达)informationaboutthematerialworld.Inphilosophy,thatbeliefiscalledrealism.Inphysics,realismisbecomingdifficulttodefend.Instead,theideaofalternativerealitiesisamainstayoftoday’spopularculture.Forexample,inthescience-fictionfilmTheMatrixthehumanraceisunknowinglylivinginasimulated(模拟的)virtualrealitycreatedbyintelligentcomputers.Howdoweknowwearenotjustcomputer-generatedcharacterslivinginaMatrix-likeworld?If—likeus—thebeingsinthesimulatedworldcouldnotobservetheiruniversefromtheoutside,theywouldhavenoreasontodoubttheirownpicturesofreality.Similarly,thegoldfish’sviewisnotthesameasoursfromoutsidetheircurvedbowl.Forinstance,becauselightbendsasittravelsfromairtowater,afreelymovingobjectthatwewouldobservetomoveinastraightlinewouldbeobservedbythegoldfishtomovealongacurvedpath.Thegoldfishcouldformscientificlawsfromtheirframe(框架)ofreferencethatwouldalwaysholdtrueandthatwouldenablethemtomakepredictionsaboutthefuturemotionofobjectsoutsidethebowl.Ifthegoldfishformedsuchatheory,wewouldhavetoadmitthegoldfish’sviewasareasonablepictureofreality.Thegoldfishexampleshowsthatthesamephysicalsituationcanbemodeledindifferentways,eachemployingdifferentfundamentalelementsandconcepts.Itmightbethattodescribetheuniversewehavetoemploydifferenttheoriesindifferentsituations.Itisnotthephysicist’straditionalexpectationforatheoryofnature,nordoesitcorrespondtooureverydayideaofreality.Butitmightbethewayoftheuniverse.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distorted”inParagraphmostprobablymean?A.Original. B.Accurate. C.Distant. D.False.32.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellus?A.Theneedforacompletetheory. B.Thelastingconflictinphysics.C.Theexistenceofthematerialworld. D.Theconventionalinsightofreality.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Nature’smysteriesarebestleftundiscovered.B.Anexternalworldisindependentoftheobservers.C.People’stheoriesareinfluencedbytheirviewpoints.D.Itisessentialtofigureoutwhichpictureofrealityisbetter.34.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat________.A.variousinterpretationsoftheuniversearewelcomedB.physicistshaveafavoritecandidateforthefinaltheoryC.multiplerealitiescanbepiecedtogethertoshowtherealworldD.thereisstillpossibilitytounifydifferenttheoriesintoasingleone第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Anapologycanachievegreatthingsforboththegiversandthereceiversalthoughnobodylikestoadmitthattheywerewrong.Anapologyiscrucialtoourphysicalhealth.Whenweacknowledgethatwearewrongdoersandexpressourguilttoothers,wewillfreeourselvesfromtheuncomfortablestate.Thisactfeelslikeaweightonushasbeenlifted.____35____Researchshowedthatheartrate,sweatlevelsandfacialtensiondecreasedinvictimsofwrongsevenwhentheysimplyimaginedreceivinganapology.Apologizingaffectsusnotjustphysically,butalsomentally.____36____Whenpresentedwithanapology,thevictimsmayviewusasimperfecthumanbeingsandfinditeasiertogiveforgiveness.InapowerfulpieceinPsychologyToday,writerBeverlyEngeldescribedhowasimple“I’msorry”fromhermother,afterbeingestrangedfromeachotherforthreeyears,madeherrelievedemotionally.Butlet’sbereal,apologizingcanbedifficult.____37____Weshouldrecognizeouractiondidhurtsomeoneevenifourintentionmaynothavebeenso.Insteadofmakingexcusesforwhatwedid,trytobearresponsibilityandofferapromisetotakeactionsothatwewillnotrepeatthebehaviorinfuture.____38____Ofcourse,themosteffectiveapologiesoftenbringacosttoourdignity,sincewehavetoadmitthatwearewronginfrontofothersormanypeople.____39____Asisknown,itisoneofthemostpositiveactionswecantakewhenwedosomethingwrong—forourselves,theothers,andtherelationship.So,goahead,apologizealittlemoreoftenforthethingsworthapologizingfor.A.Thereareagreed-uponwaystoexpressourapologytoothers.B.It’sawayofshowingthepricewepaidforthewrongedaction.C.Agoodapologyaffectsthehealthofthoseonthereceivingend,too.D.Butthiscanoftenbeminorcomparedtothebenefitsofaproperapology.E.Thismeansweshouldtaketheblameandnottrytojustifyitorexplainitaway.F.Apologizeforwhatyoudidratherthanwhatotherpeoplemighthavethoughtaboutit.G.Ithastheabilitytodisarmothersoftheirangerandtopreventfurthermisunderstandings.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Buildingrelationshipsandworkingsuccessfullywithdifferentculturalbackgroundscanseemlikeamajorchallenge.Butyoucanenjoytherewards,whilekeepingdissatisfactiontoaminimum.Thekeytomakingthemworkisculturalcompetence.Essentially,culturalcompetenceisdefinedastheabilitytounderstandandinteracteffectivelywithpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Culturalcompetenceiscriticalforeveryoneintoday’smodernworld.Livingandworkinginaculturallydiverseenvironmentsometimescomeswithdifferencesofopinionandtension.Peoplewithstrongculturalcompetencecanresolvetheseissuescreatively,evenifasolutionseemsimpossibleatfirst.What’smore,thinkingandcaringaboutotherswithdifferentexperiencescanbringoutasenseofunderstanding.Thishelpstobuildtrustbetweeneachother.Culturalcompetencecanbeimprovedthroughtraining,education,andexperience.Herearesomesimpletipstohelpyouimproveyourculturalcompetence.AssessyourselfThestartingpointistounderstandyourownculturalvaluesandworldview.Assessthecurrentlevelofculturalcompetenceinyourselfandidentifytheknowledge,skillsandresourcesthatyouwanttoacquire.Thiscangiveyouanideaofyourstrengthsandweaknessesintheareasothatyoucanimproveyourselfinfuture.PracticegoodmannersNomatterwhomyouaredealingwith,makesurethatyouarerespectingothers’backgrounds,boundariesandcustoms.Paycloseattentiontoyourcommunicationandmakesurethatyou’respeakingtoothersinakindandpoliteway.AskquestionsWhenyoudon’tunderstandsomethingorwanttoknowwhysomeonehasbehavedinacertainway,simplyask.Askingquestionsstopsyoumakingunnecessaryassumptions,andshowsthequestionsyoudidnotunderstandtothem.Keepinmindthatdevelopingculturalcompetenceisnotaone-shotenterprise.Ittakestimeandpractice.Whetheryouareinaclassroomoroncampus,culturalcompetenceplaysanimportantroleinyourdailyenvironment.Recognizinganddealingwithculturaldifferenceswillcreateahappiersettingforeveryone.40.Whatisculturalcompetenceaccordingtothepassage?_______________________________________________________________________________________________41.Whyisculturalcompetenceimportantforpeopleininterculturalenvironment?_______________________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.>Toimproveourculturalcompetence,weshouldnotonlyunderstandourstrengthsandweaknessesinthisarea,butalsoaskquestionswhenwedon’tunderstandothers’behaviors,evenifwemayspeakinanimpoliteway._______________________________________________________________________________________________43.Apartfromthetipsmentionedinthepassagewhatotherway(s)canyouthinkoftodevelopyourculturalcompetence?(Inabout40words)_______________________________________________________________________________________________第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你班交换生Jim打算利用寒假在家锻炼身体，发来邮件向你咨询。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：1.推荐一款APP和推荐理由；2.给出运动建议。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua

参考答案第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.C5.B6.A7.D8.C9.D10.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者作为老师，对任何没有交作业的学生都不接受理由，但是安东尼改变了她，让她开始学会倾听学生，也意识到倾听比不让孩子找借口更有效。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我变得不那么信任了，不再接受任何借口。A.inventing发明；B.finding发现；C.accepting接受；D.offering提供。根据上文“Iheardcountlessmake-believestoriesforunfinishedhomework.”推知，作者不再接受任何借口。故选C。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很快就获得了我认为我想要的声誉。A.reputation名声，名誉；B.benefit益处，好处；C.experience经历，经验；D.praise表扬。根据上文“Instead,Ijustsighedloudlyandrecordedazerointhegradebook.”推知，学生不完成作业的情况有所改善，作者得到了自己想要的“好老师”的声誉。故选A。【3题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我能和你谈谈吗？”他害羞地问。A.loudly大声地；B.shyly害羞地；C.curiously好奇地；D.eagerly迫切地。根据下文“becauseIoftencomewithoutmyhomework.”可知，男孩常常没有完成作业，因此和老师说话时应该是害羞的。故选B。【4题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我知道你说没有借口，但我不想让你认为我很懒，因为我经常不带作业来。”A.poor贫穷的，可怜的；B.mean吝啬的；C.lazy懒惰的；D.weak虚弱的，差的。根据“becauseIoftencomewithoutmyhomework.”推知，男孩不希望作者因为他常常不做作业就认为他懒惰。故选C。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“只是……我爸爸搬出去了，我妈妈晚上工作，所以我必须照顾我的小弟弟。他们经常哭，我很难集中注意力……”A.behave举止；B.concentrate集中注意力；C.struggle挣扎；D.compete竞争。根据“Often,theycryalot”可知，弟弟们的哭声让男孩很难集中注意力。故选B。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我改变了问题。A.question问题；B.tune调子；C.process进程，过程；D.thought想法。根据上文“Iwasabouttoaskwhyhedidn’ttellmeearlierwhenIsuddenlyrealizedwhy.”和下文“Wouldithelpifyoustayedafterschoolandworkedonitbeforeyougohome?”可知，作者改变了自己原本打算问男孩的问题。故选A。【7题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她们的故事不再令人发笑，所有的都非常真实。A.complex复杂的；B.moving令人感动的；C.cool酷的，凉爽的；D.real真的。呼应上文“Iheardcountlessmake-believestoriesforunfinishedhomework”可知，现在孩子们没有完成作业的原因都是真实的。故选D。【8题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：因为我们付不起账单，电力公司把我们的灯关掉了。A.brokedown出故障；B.putout熄灭；C.cutoff切断；D.shutout把……关在门外。根据“becausewecouldn’tpaythebill.”可知，因为付不起电费，所以电力公司切断电源，即关了灯。故选C。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，我发现并非所有的孩子都来自可以给与他们帮助的家庭。A.disciplined遵守纪律的；B.peaceful和平的；C.traditional传统的；D.supportive给与帮助的，支持的。根据下文“Notallkidshaveaquietbedroomwithadeskandstudylight.Somedon’tevenhavehome.”推知，并非所有的孩子都来自可以给他们的学习提供帮助的家庭。故选D。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，我学会了“我会倾听”比“没有借口”更有效!A.works工作，起作用，凑效；B.feels感觉；C.understands理解；D.controls控制。根据上文讲述的故事可知，作者规定学生不能为没有完成作业找借口，后来通过倾听，孩子们告诉了作者真实的原因，而不再是乱编的谎话。由此可知，作者认为“我会倾听”比“没有接口”更有效。故选A。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）【答案】11.caught12.creatures13.confirming【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，介绍了EdwardWilson虽然小时候右眼受损，但是这使他成为一位密切的观察者和一位开拓性的理论家。【11题详解】考查动词时态。句意：七岁时在家附近河里抓鱼时，右眼受损。分析句子可知，空格处为时间状语从句的谓语部分，根据下文“atseven”可知从句谓语动词应使用一般过去时。故填caught。【12题详解】考查名词复数形式。句意：视力差只能让他观察蚂蚁这样的小生物。分析句子可知，空格处为句子宾语，名词creature是可数名词，此处应使用复数形式，故填creatures。【13题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：威尔逊对蚂蚁的无私感兴趣，因为蚂蚁会为自己的殖民地牺牲自己，他提出了一个理论，证实了在广泛的物种中存在利他行为。分析句子可知，空格处为非谓语动词，和它的逻辑主语之间是主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。故填confirming。【答案】14.suggests15.healthier16.whether##if【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有证据表明感恩与身体健康之间可能存在关系。【14题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：现有研究的证据表明可能存在关联。分析句子可知，空格处缺少谓语动词，根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“evidence”意为“证据”，为不可数名词，故空格处应用“suggest”的三单形式“suggests”。故填suggests。【15题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：似乎更多感恩的人表示自己睡得更好，感觉更健康。分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词，作表语，根据句意和句中“better”可知，句中把感恩的人和其他人进行比较，感恩的人睡得更好，感觉更健康，故空格处应用“healthy”的比较级“healthier”。故填healthier。【16题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：现在，研究人员仍然需要弄清楚感恩对我们的健康是否如此有益。分析句子可知，句子为宾语从句，“it”作形式宾语，空格处单词引导从句，作真正的宾语，根据句意可知，研究人需要弄清楚的是感恩对我们的健康是否有益，应用“whether”或“if”引导从句，意为“是否”。故填whether/if。【答案】17.where18.through19.willbebrought20.tobuild【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述神舟14号机组人员给地球上的学生们上的一堂直播课。【17题详解】考查定语从句。句意：在课堂上，工作人员向学生们展示了一个科学手套箱，在那里进行植物实验。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是ascienceglove-box，从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。【18题详解】考查介词。句意：然后，宇航员通过视频通话与学生进行实时互动，并回答学生的问题，如“未来的太空飞行将把什么样的植物带到太空？”结合句意和句子结构可知，此处填介词through“通过”，throughvideocalls“通过视频电话”。故填through。【19题详解】考查时态语态。句意同上。空处为句子谓语动词，根据infuturespaceflights可知此处描述将来发生的事情，且主语plants和bring之间为被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。故填willbebrought。【20题详解】考查不定式。句意：在课程结束时，神舟全体人员说：“我们希望你们将来能把我们的太空家园建得更好。”结合句意表达“期待某人做某事”用expectsb.todosth.，不定式作宾补。故填tobuild。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）【答案】21.B22.C23.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。一家出版商正在寻找心灵鸡汤故事，文章也介绍了递交内容、递交方法以及出版事宜。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据“StoryGuidelines”中的第一句“Tellaheartwarmingstoryaboutsomethingthathashappenedtoyouorsomeoneyouknow.(讲述一个发生在你或你认识的人身上的感人故事。)”可知，关于自己和朋友的故事更有可能被《心灵鸡汤》接受。故选B项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据“Tipsaboutsubmitting”中第二段最后一句“Also,thereisnolimittothenumberofstoriesyoumaysubmitforeachbook.(此外，你可以为每本书提交的故事数量没有限制。)”可知，你可以递交许多故事给同一本书。故选C项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据“Afterpublication”中第一段“Ifyourstoryisselectedtobepublished,youwillbeaskedtosignourstandardpermissionreleaseagreement.Thismeansthatyoumaintainownershipofyourstorybutyougiveustherightstopublishitanduseitagaininanyfuturebookorourotherproducts.(如果您的故事被选中发表，您将被要求签署我们的标准许可发布协议。这意味着你保留你的故事的所有权，但你给了我们出版它的权利，并在未来的任何书籍或我们的其他产品中再次使用它。)”可知，当你同意出版你的故事后，你也就同意了你的故事未来被出版。故选D项。【答案】24.C25.C26.