河南省新乡市第五高级中学2021-2022学年高三英语期末试卷含解析

河南省新乡市第五高级中学2021-2022学年高三英语期末试卷含解析一、选择题1.Thenoticecamearoundteninthemorning_____themeetingwouldbeputoffforsomereason.A.when

B.that

C.whether

D.why参考答案：B2.Paperproducedeveryyearis

theWorld’sproductionofvechile.A.

thethreeweightof

B.

threetimestheweightofC.

asthreetimesheavyas

D.

threetimesasheavieras参考答案：B略3.—Look!It’srainingagain.—Why________itrainonSundays?Wearealwaysstayinginsidefordays!Whatanuisance!A.need B.must C.can D.should参考答案：B4.TheU.S.PresidentBarackObamaarrivedinChina’seconomiccenterShanghaionSundaynightofNovember15th2009,___________astatevisittoChina.

A.starting

B.started

C.tostart

D.havingstarted参考答案：A略5.—Isthis_____paintingyouoffered$3,500forontheInternet?—Yeah.IfyoulikeitIwillsellittoyouat_____discount.A./;a

B.the;/

C.a;the

D.the;a参考答案：D第一空the表特指；atadiscount表示“打折”。6.Thesingertoldusthathernewalbumwould________thenextmonth.A.comeup B.comeout C.comeoff D.comeacross参考答案：B考查动词短语辨析。根据句意，意为“出版”。7.Petersurvivedintheaccidentwhenhefelloverboardyesterday.He________escapeddrowning.A.nearly

B.slightly

C.narrowly

D.hardly参考答案：C【知识点】副词解析：nearly几乎；差不多；slightly稍微；narrowly狭窄地；勉强地；hardly几乎不；简直不。句意：昨天彼得在坠船意外中幸免于难。他勉强从溺水中逃脱。8.

isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedintomorrow’smeeting.A.Which B.That C.What D.Who参考答案：D9.Thoseoverseasstudentsvolunteer10hourseachweekinParis___freefoodandaccommodation.

A.incaseof

B.incontactwith

C.inexchangefor

D.insearchof参考答案：C10.

______wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.A.Anyone

B.Theone

C.Whoever

D.Who

参考答案：C解析：本题考察的是whoever引导的名词性从句的用法。在这里whoever引导的名词性从句在整个复合句中充当主语，相当于“anyonewho”。A,B两项都一个与后面句子构成定语从句的引导词who,作主语的关系代词是可以省略的。D项构成的是疑问句，与句义不和。11.You’dsoundalotmorepoliteifyoumakearequest_____aquestion.A.insearchof

B.intheformof

C.inneedof

D.inthedirectionof参考答案：B略12.

Iwonderhowit_______thatChineseclimberssuccessfullyfinishedthetorchrelayontheMt.Qomolangma.

A.cameout

B.cameacross

C.cameup

D.cameabout参考答案：D13.Theteachertogetherwiththestudents________discussingReadingSkillsthat________newlypublishedinAmerica.A.are;were

B.is;were

C.are;was

D.is;was参考答案：B解析：考查主谓一致。AtogetherwithB作主语时谓语动词与A的单复数保持一致；第二空为定语从句that指代ReadingSkills，由于ReadingSkills是书名所以谓语动词用单数。14.Thebookwhich_____attheendoflastyearturnedouttobeagreatsuccessinShanghai.A.cameabout

B.cameacross

C.cameout

D.cameup参考答案：C15.Outsidetheexit,manyfanswaitedforthegreatpopsinger,____totakeapicturewithhim.A.hoping

B.hope C.hoped

D.tohope参考答案：A16.JackhasgonetoAustralia,butI’mwonderingwhyhe______insuchahurry.A．left

B．hasleft

C．leaves

D．wasleaving参考答案：A二、填空17.Ants:mastercooperatorsMillionsofantslivetogetherinacolony,buttheydon’tcompete,getconfused,orbecomedisorganized.Theybehaveinanamazingorderlymanneratalltimes.Somescientistsrefertoantsas‘super-organisms’becausetheyliveinsuchhighlyorganizedsocietiesthatworktogethertosurvive.Thewayantsliveandworktogetherhasmadethemoneofthemostimportantcreaturesontheplanet.Ants,likebees,belongtoaclassofeusocialinsects.Eusocialinsectsarebrokenintogroupswithintheircommunity,andeachgrouphasaspecialjobtododependingontheneedsofthecommunity.Therearethreebasicgroupsinanantcolony:queens,soldiers,andworkers.Queensarethelargestants,andtheironlyjobistoreproduce—theylayalloftheeggsthatwilleventuallybecomesoldiersandworkers.Soldiersareresponsibleforprotectingthecolonyandfindingnewplacesfornests.Workerantshavemanyjobswithinthecommunity,includingcaringfortheeggsandyoungants,huntingforfoodandmaintainingthenest.Somescientistsarestudyinghowantscanleadtoabetterunderstandingoflaborissues,socialclass,andtheuseofnatureresourcesinhumancommunities.Antshavehadmillionsofyearsofpracticeinworkingtogethertosurviveandgrow.Foracolonytofunctionsuccessfully,antshavetocooperate,fromwhichpeoplecanlearnalot.Researchershopethatgatheringinformationabouthowantslivetogetherincommunitiescanhelppeoplelearntocooperateandcompromisewitheachother.However,othersarguethattherearefundamentaldifferencesbetweenantsandhumansthatmeanhumansocietiesareunlikelyevertoattainant-likelevelsofcollaboration.Forexample,antsinacolonydon’tcompetewitheachother.Whentheyareshortoffoodinthecolony,someworkerantsautomaticallybecome‘feeder’antsandfeedotherswiththefoodintheirstomach,regardlessoftheirusualjob.Whenthefoodsupplyisreplenished,theybecomeworkerantsagain.Inaddition,antsareabletoworktogetherwithoutaleadergivingthemdirections.Despitetheirnames,queenantsarenotleaders.Instead,antsfindoutwhattheyneedtodofromtheirsenseofsmell.Researchonharvesterantspasseachother,theypickupachemicalsmellwhichtellsthemwhattheotherantisdoing.Thenumberofantstheypassdoingaparticularjobdetermineswhattheyneedtodo.Itisaformofcommunication,butunlikehumancommunicationithasnocontent;itisjustbasedonnumbers.Whileantsundoubtedlyhaveagreatdealtoteachusaboutorganizationandthestructureofnetworks,thosesearchingforagreaterunderstandingofhumanbehaviourandmoralsmayneedtolooksomewhere.Ants:mastercooperatorsMain___51___Theylivetogetherincolonywithoutcompetitions,___52___orbeingdisorganized.Thewaytheyworktogetherfor___53___

livinginhighlyorganizedsocietiesmakesthemuniqueontheplanet.Threegroups,includingqueens,soldiersandworkersinanantcolonyhaveaspecialjob,___54___theneedsofthecommunity.___55___ofstudyingantsIthelpspeopleunderstandlaborissues,socialclass,andtheuseofnaturalresourcesbetter.Antsare___56___inworkingtogethertosurviveandgrow,helpingpeoplerunthecommunitiessmoothly.Ithelpspeoplelearntocooperateand___57___witheachother.DifferencesbetweenantsandhumansFor___58___offood,someworkerantsautomaticallybecome‘feeder’ants.___59___ants,humanshaveleadersgivingpeopledirections.SuggestionResearchersshouldhavedifferent___60___inunderstandinghumanbehaviourandmorals.

参考答案：51.features/characteristics

52.confusion

53.survival

54.determining

55.Significance/Importance/Meaning/Benefits

56.experienced

57.compromise

58.shortage/lack

59.Unlike

60.angles本文是一篇说明文。通过对蚂蚁的研究了解了它们的特点以及与人类之间的关系。蚂蚁共同生活和工作的方式使它们成为地球上最重要的生物之一。毫无疑问，蚂蚁可以教给我们很多关于网络的组织和结构的知识，但是那些想要更好地理解人类行为和道德的人可能需要从别处寻找答案。【51题详解】根据下面表格内容可知是在讲蚂蚁的“特点”，故答案为features/characteristics【52题详解】根据第一段中Millionsofantslivetogetherinacolony,buttheydon’tcompete,getconfused,orbecomedisorganized.可知此空答案为confusion。【53题详解】根据第一段中Somescientistsrefertoantsas‘super-organisms’becausetheyliveinsuchhighlyorganizedsocietiesthatworktogethertosurvive.可知，survival。【54题详解】根据第二段中eachgrouphasaspecialjobtododependingontheneedsofthecommunity.可知，答案为determining。【55题详解】根据第三段第一句Somescientistsarestudyinghowantscanleadtoabetterunderstandingoflaborissues,socialclass,andtheuseofnatureresourcesinhumancommunities.可知文章在讲研究蚂蚁的“好处”，故答案为Significance/Importance/Meaning/Benefits。【56题详解】根据第三段中Antshavehadmillionsofyearsofpracticeinworkingtogethertosurviveandgrow.可知答案为experienced。【57题详解】根据第三段最后一句howantslivetogetherincommunitiescanhelppeoplelearntocooperateandcompromisewitheachother.可知答案为compromise。【58题详解】根据第四段中Whentheyareshortoffoodinthecolony,someworkerantsautomaticallybecome‘feeder’antsandfeedotherswiththefoodintheirstomach,可知答案为shortage/lack。【59题详解】根据第五段第一句Inaddition,antsareabletoworktogetherwithoutaleadergivingthemdirections.可知答案为Unlike。【60题详解】根据最后一段Whileantsundoubtedlyhaveagreatdealtoteachusaboutorganizationandthestructureofnetworks,thosesearchingforagreaterunderstandingofhumanbehaviourandmoralsmayneedtolooksomewhere.可知答案为angles。18.Chinahasalwaysbeenfamousforbeinga“StateofEtiquettes（礼仪）.”Accordingtohistoricaldocuments,asearlyas2,600yearsago,thisnationhasalreadyestablishedathoroughset

61

diningetiquettes.Afamous19thcenturyRussianwriter,AntonChekhov,onceinvitedaChineseman

62

(have)adrinkinabar.Chekhovsaid,“Beforedrinkingfromhiscup,heheld

63

withhishandsandpresentedtomeandthebarownerandbartenders,

64

(say)‘qing(please).’ThisisthecustomofChina.Theyarenotlikeustofinishitinonedrink,

65

prefertodrinkbytakingasmallamountatatime.Witheverysip（一小口）,he

66

(eat)somefood.AfterwardshehandedmesomeChinese

67

(coin)toshowgratitude.Thisisaratherinterestinglypolitenationality…”ThiswasthemostvaluableopinionofaChineseperson

68

wasgivenbyaforeignertwocenturiesago.Chinesetraditionaldinnerproceduresusedtobelonganddealt

69

(serious)with;the

70

(important)theoccasion,themorecomplextheprocedureswere.参考答案：61.of

62.tohave

63.it

64.saying

65.but

66.ate

67.coins

68.that

69.seriously

70.moreimportant

三、阅读理解19.Asbusinessesandgovernmentshavestruggledtounderstandtheso-calledmillennials—bornbetweenroughly1980and2000—onefrequentconclusionhasbeenthattheyhaveauniqueloveofcities.Adeep-seatedpreferencefornightlifeandsubways,thethinkinggoes,hasdriventherevitalizationofurbancoresacrosstheU.S.overthelastdecade-plus.Butthere’smountingevidencethatmillennials’loveofcitieswasapassingfling(放纵).Millennialsdon’tlovecitiesanymorethanpreviousgenerations.ThelatestargumentcomesfromDowellMyers,anurbanplanningprofessoratUSC.Astheyage,saysMyers,millennials’presenceincities,will“beevaporating(蒸发)throughourfingers,ifwedon’tmakesomeplansnow.”That’sbecausemillennials’preferenceforcitieswillfadeastheystartfamiliesandbecomemoreestablishedintheircareers.It’saboutmorethanaging,though.DemographerWilliamFreyhasbeenarguingforyearsthatmillennialshavebecome‘stuck’incitiesbythe2008downturnandthefollowingslowrecovery,withpoorjobprospectsanddecliningwagesmakingitharderforthemtoaffordtobuyhomesinsuburbia.Myers,too,saysobservershaveconfusedyoungpeople’spresenceincitieswithapreferenceforcities.Surveydatashowsthatmoremillennialswouldliketobelivinginthesuburbsthanactuallyare.Butthenormalcareerandfamilycyclesmovingyoungpeoplefromcitiesintosuburbanhouseshavebecome,inMyers’words,“apluggedupdrain.”Butunemploymenthasfinallyreturnedtohealthylows(thoughparticipationratesandwagesarestilllargelystagnant),whichMyerssaysshouldfinallyincreasemobilityformillennials.Othertrendsamongmillennials,supposedlymattersoflifestylepreference,havealreadyturnedouttohavebeendrivenmostlybyeconomics.Whatwasoncedeemedtheirbroadpreferenceforpublictransitmayhavealwaysbeenanow-reversinginabilitytoaffordcars.Evendecades-longtrendstowardsmarryinglaterhavebeenaccentuatedastoday’syoungpeoplestruggleforfinancialstability.Investorsarealreadytakingtheideathatmillennialswillreturntooldbehaviorpatternsseriously,puttingmoremoneyintoautomanufacturersanddevelopers.Buturbanlifestyles,uptoandincludingtrendybars,aren’tjusthip—they’reapartofwhatpowersacity’seconomicengines,bringingpeopletogethertoexplorenewideas,createcompanies,andbuildcareers.Fromthe1960stothe1990s,wesawthatsuburbanization(城市郊区化)alsomeansaneconomicandsocialhollowingoutforcities.Nowthattheeconomicshacklesarecomingofftoday’syoungcityresidents,citiesthatwanttostayvibrant(充满生机的)havetofigureouthowtoconvincethem—andtheirgrowingfamilies—tostickaround.38.WhyareMillennialsabouttoleavecity?A.Itistooexpensiveforthemtobuyapartmentincities.B.Theyfinditdifficultfortoseekagodjobincities.C.Itiseasiertogetmarriedmovingtothesuburban.D.Theyaremoreconfidentwiththeireconomicsituation.39.WhatdoestheauthormeanquotingMyer?s“apluggedupdrain"(para5)?A.Millennialsarereluctanttoleaveattractivecities.B.Millennalsarestoppedfrommovingtothesuburbs.C.Milennialsareunwillingtobecutofffromthesuburban.D.Millennialsareafraidofanothereconomicdecline.40.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuburbanization?A.signofstablefinance.B.Agrowthofhealthiss