2022北京高一（上）期末英语汇编：七选五

第8页/共8页2022北京高一（上）期末英语汇编七选五一、七选五（2022·北京海淀·高一期末）TheyConsiderRatsLifesaversWhenpeopleheartheword“rat”,theymaythinkofdirtyanimalsthatspreaddiseases.AndifyouareanEnglishlearner,youmayalsoconnectthewordratwithbadexpressions.Forexample,callingsomeonearatisabiginsult(侮辱)and“ratrace”describesajoyless,hurriedwayofliving.____1____However,therattrainersatthenonprofitorganization,APOPO,seetheseanimalsverydifferently.____2____BasedinTanzania,APOPOtrainsakindofratstofindlandmines(地雷).Andtheratswiththeirextraordinarysenseofsmellareverygoodatthejob.APOPOcallstheiranimalteamHeroRats.EllieCutrightisanAPOPOtrainerfromCharleston,SouthCarolina.TheresearchersharedherveryhighopinionsofratsinadiscussionwithVOA．____3____“Everybodyshouldknowthattheseratsaren’tstupid.They’renotterribleanimals.They'rereallyintelligentandtheycanbetrainedtodosomeamazingthings.”Humanbeingshaveusedmetal-searchingdevicestodothisworkforyears.Butrats—itturnsout—doitbetter.Andtheyalsocostlessmoney.____4____“Whentheratsareworkinginthefieldandtheyfindalandmine,theyscratch(挠)onthegroundandthat’showweknow.Weplacealittlemarkerthere,andthenwecangosafelytoremovethoselandminesandgetridofthem.”Oncetrained,theratscanworkinminefieldsinTanzaniaandothercountriesaroundtheworld.____5____However,theystilldonotweighenoughtocausealandminetoexplode.Cutrightpraisestheimpactoftheirwork.“IthinktheworkthatAPOPOdoesisreallyimportantinkindofspreadingthewordthatratsarenotjustapest.Theyreallyareheroesandtheyshowuseverydaythattheyareworthyofthatname.”A．So,ratsgenerallyarenotbelovedanimalseitherinlifeorintheEnglishlanguage.B．Worldwidethereare110millionhiddenlandminesleftoverfromwars.C．Aratisananimalthatlookslikealargemousewithalongtail.D．Shewantseveryonetoknowhowusefultheseanimalsare.E．Thiskindofratsarelargecomparedtootherkindsofrats.F．Cutrightexplainshowthesearchprocess(过程)works.G．Theyconsiderrats“lifesavers”（2022·北京房山·高一期末）HowtoFindRealFriendsAlotofpeoplewoulddefinearealfriendasatreasure.____6____Givenbelowarethestepstobedoneforustofindrealfriendsthatwillstandbyusthroughwhatevercomesalong.Beinterestedinothers.Havinginterestinothersisthefirststeptowardsmakingfriends.Weshouldstartbyhavingarealloveforpeopleandthentakinganactiveinterestinothers.___7___Othersareoftenimpressedthatyoucaredenoughtoremembertheirname.Andwiththis,theymaybegintosharesomeexperienceorproblemswithyouandthefriendshipstartstobuild.__8__Beingagoodlistenerisimportantinbuildingfriendships.Ifweareinterestedinwhatothersaresaying,theyaretypicallydrawntous.Beloyal.Itissaidthatthemainqualityofafriendishisloyalty:afriendthatwillbewithyouthroughthickandthin.Arealfriendshouldn’tdamageyourreputationbyjoininginwickedgossip.____9____Revealyourdeepestfeelings.Afriendshouldnotbeembarrassedtolaybaretothosewhomhetrusted.This,ofcourse,doesn’tmeanthatyoushouldpouroutallyouremotionstoeveryonethatyoumeet.However,weshouldbehonest.Andasyougettoknowandtrustsomeone,youcangraduallyrevealmoreofyourdeepestfeelings.Donotexpectperfection.Wearen’tperfect.Andevenwhenafriendshipisofftoagoodstart,weshouldn’texpectittobeperfect.Wemuststrivetomakeitanalmostperfectkindoffriendship.____10____Friendsareimportanttoourlives.Sometimes,theyareoursourceofstrengthandinspiration.However,wemustrememberthatforustofinallymeetrealfriends,wemustbearealfriendtoo.A．Payattentiontohowyoulisten.B．Andtoattainit,weneedtimeandemotion.C．Instead,heorshewillloyallystandupforyou.D．Actually,asincereinterestinothersattractsfriendship.E．Justlikeinsearchingfortreasure,aneffortshouldbedone.F．Onewaytoshowinterestistoknowtheirnameandrememberit.G．Asecretforasuccessfulfriendshipincludesempathyandfellowfeelingsforothers.（2022·北京市怀柔区教科研中心高一期末）Howoldis“old”?Howoldis“old”?___11___Morethantwohundredyearsago,youwereoldat35.Thatwastheaveragelifethen.Attheturnofthe20thcentury,asmedicalknowledgeadvanced,theaveragelifespan(长度)increasedto45.In1950,70-year-oldswerereallyold.Today,ahealthy70-year-oldislookingforwardtomanymoreactiveyears.So,howoldisold?Theanswerisoneyou’veheardmanytimes,fromallsortsofpeople.“Youareasoldoryoungasyoufeel!”Thecalendar(日历)simplytellsyouhowmanyyearsyouhavelived.___12___Onceanunknownauthorwrote,“Youthisnotatimeoflifebutitisastateofmind.Nobodygrowsoldbylivinganumberofyears.___13___”___14___AliceBrophy,whenshewaswiththeNewYorkCitycommissionfortheAging,said,“Itupsetsmewhenpeoplesay,‘Gee,youlookyoungforyourage!’Whatdoesthatmean?Istheresomemodelthatyou’resupposedtolookacertainwayat65and75and85?Youknowyoucandieoldat30andliveyoungat80.”Therearemanywrongideasaboutaging.___15___Herearesomeofthemorecommonones.Forexample,mostolderpeopleareinpoorhealth,orolderpeopleareunabletochange.A．Oldisapointofview.B．It’sextremelyterribletobegrownold.C．Theanswerhaschangedovertheyears.D．Yourbodytellsyouhowwellyou’velived.E．Olderpeoplearestubborn,unabletochange.F．Peoplegrowoldbygivinguptheirgoals.G．Theseideasstereotype(固化)peopleonthebasisofage.（2022·北京师大附中高一期末）BlindOlympicAthletesShowtheUniversalNatureTuneintoanysportscoverageonTV,andyouwillseemanyathletesproudlyraisetheirarmsandheadsinvictory,whileamuchlargernumberhangtheirshouldersandnecksindefeat.Studieshaverevealedwhy—theyareuniversalbehaviours,performedbyhumansinresponsetosuccessandfailure.ThediscoverycamefromJessicaTracyfromtheUniversityofBritishColumbiaandDavidMatsumotofromSanFranciscoStateUniversity,whowantedtoseehowpeopleshowedfeelingsofprideandshame.____16____Theytriedtofindalargegroupofpeople,anditwascriticallyimportantthatsomeofthesesubjectshadneverseenotherpeoplereactingtosuccessorfailurebefore.TheanswerwasAthens,duringthe2004OlympicGames.Itssistercompetition—theParalympics—includedmanyathleteswhowerebornblind.____17____Workingwithaprofessionalphotographer,TracyandMatsumotocomparedthebodylanguageof108competitors,41ofwhomhadlosttheirsight,and12ofwhomwereblindfrombirth.Thephotographerrepeatedlytookpicturesoftheseathletesaftertheircompetitions,andtheresearcherscarefullyrecordedthepositionsoftheirheads,armsandbodies.____18____Thewinnerstiltedtheirheadsup,smiled,liftedtheirarmsandpuffedouttheirchests,whileshouldersbentforwardandnarrowedchestswerethemarksoflosers.____19____Menandwomenwhohaveneverseenotherpeoplebehaveinthesewaysstillmakeexactlythesamemovements.Andwhileit’spossiblethatparentsmayhavetaughttheirblindchildrensomeoftheseactions,it’sveryunlikelythattheycouldhavetaughtthemall—particularlytheexpansionornarrowingofthechest.Theseactionswerealsoremarkablyconsistentbetweencontestantsfromeverypartoftheworld.TracyandMatsumotoarguethatprideandshamedeserveaplacealongsideotherprimaryemotionslikehappiness,fearandsurprise.____20____A．Theyareinbornbehavioursandareaccompaniedbytheirowndistinctsetsofactions.B．Infact,theculturewasfoundtohaveonlyaverysmalleffectontheirbodylanguage.C．Therefore,theycouldnothavewitnessedhowotherpeoplereactedtowinningandlosing.D．Theresultsuggestedthattheathleteswereshowingtheirpridebasedoncarefulobservation.E．Theathletes’behavioursgivestrongevidencethattheyhavehadtheactionsnaturallysincebirth.F．Analyzingthedata,theyfoundthatthesightedandsightlessathletesbehavedinalmostexactlythesameways.G．Inparticular,theywantedtoknowwhethertheseexpressionswereculturallydeterminedandlearnedthroughobservation.（2022·北京昌平·高一期末）StressManagement:HowtoReduce,Prevent,andCopewithStressIfyou’relivingwithhighlevelsofstress,you’reputtingyourhealthandhappinessatrisk.Stressdoesharmtoyourhealth.Itmayseemlikethere’snothingyoucandoaboutstress._____21_____Thefollowingstressmanagementtipscanhelpyoudothat.GetmovingWhenyou’restressed,thelastthingyouprobablyfeellikedoingisgettingupandexercising._____22_____Youdon’thavetobeanathleteorspendhoursinagymtoexperiencethebenefits.Exercisereleasesendorphinsthatmakeyoufeelgood,anditcanalsoserveasavaluabledistractionfromyourdailyworries.ConnecttoothersThereisnothingmorecalmingthanspendingqualitytimewithanotherhumanbeingwhomakesyoufeelsafeandunderstood.Somakeitapointtoconnectregularly—andinperson—withfamilyandfriends.Keepinmindthatthepeopleyoutalktodon’thavetobeabletofixyourstress._____23_____.Andtrynottoletworriesaboutlookingweakkeepyoufromopeningup.Thepeoplewhocareaboutyouwillbehappybecauseofyourtrust.Itwillonlystrengthenyourrelationship._____24_____Whenyou’rewornoutbyyourmorningtraffic,orstuckinastressfulmeetingatwork,youneedawaytomanageyourstresslevelsrightnow.Thefastestwaytoreducestressisbytakingadeepbreathandusingyoursenses—whatyousee,hear,taste,andtouch—orthroughacomfortablemovement.Byviewingafavoritephoto,smellingaspecificsmell,listeningtoafavoritepieceofmusic,tastingsweets,orhuggingapet,forexample,youcanquicklyrelaxandfocusyourself.Effectivestressmanagementhelpsyoubreaktheholdstresshasonyourlife,soyoucanbehappier,healthier,andmoreproductive.Butstressmanagementisnotone-size-fits-all._____25_____A．Takecontrolofyourownlife.B．Learntorelievestressinthemoment.C．Theysimplyneedtobegoodlisteners.D．Butphysicalactivityisahugestressreliever.E．Butyouhavealotmorecontrolthanyoumightthink.F．That’swhyit’simportanttoexperimentandfindoutwhatworksbestforyou.G．Whileit’snoteasytoavoidallstress,Learningaboutitcanhelpyouavoidunnecessarystress.

参考答案1．A

2．G

3．D

4．F

5．E【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。介绍了一种被训练成为排雷能手的老鼠。1．前文“Whenpeopleheartheword“rat”,theymaythinkofdirtyanimalsthatspreaddiseases.AndifyouareanEnglishlearner,youmayalsoconnectthewordratwithbadexpressions.(当人们听到“老鼠”这个词时，他们可能会想到传播疾病的肮脏动物。如果你是一个英语学习者，你也可能会把rat这个词和不好的表达联系起来)”介绍了rat在生活和语言中都有不好的名声，A项“So,ratsgenerallyarenotbelovedanimalseitherinlifeorintheEnglishlanguage.(因此，无论是在生活中还是在英语中，老鼠通常都不是受人喜爱的动物)”是对前文的总结。故选A。2．根据前文“However,therattrainersatthenonprofitorganization,APOPO,seetheseanimalsverydifferently.(然而，非营利组织APOPO的老鼠训练员对这些动物的看法却大不相同)”可知，APOPO的训练员们不认为老鼠是不好的动物，G项“Theyconsiderrats“lifesavers”(他们视老鼠为“救星”)”进一步阐述他们对老鼠的看法，承接上文。故选G。3．后文Cutright所说的话“Everybodyshouldknowthattheseratsaren’tstupid.They’renotterribleanimals.They'rereallyintelligentandtheycanbetrainedtodosomeamazingthings.(每个人都应该知道这些老鼠并不愚蠢。它们不是可怕的动物。它们真的很聪明，可以训练它们做一些令人惊奇的事情)”是对D项“Shewantseveryonetoknowhowusefultheseanimalsare.(她想让每个人都知道这些动物是多么有帮助)”的解释和延伸。故选D。4．根据后文“Whentheratsareworkinginthefieldandtheyfindalandmine,theyscratch(挠)onthegroundandthat’showweknow.Weplacealittlemarkerthere,andthenwecangosafelytoremovethoselandminesandgetridofthem.(当老鼠在野外工作时，它们发现了地雷，就会在地上抓挠，这样我们就知道了。我们在那里放置一个小标记，然后就可以安全地移除这些地雷)”可知，这里通过Cutright的叙述详细地描述了老鼠排雷工作的过程，F项“Cutrightexplainshowthesearchprocess(过程)works.(Cutright解释了搜索过程是怎么进行的)”放在段首，引出下文。故选F。5．根据后文“However,theystilldonotweighenoughtocausealandminetoexplode.(然而，它们的重量仍然不足以引爆地雷)”可知，这一句与设空处是转折关系，E项“Thiskindofratsarelargecomparedtootherkindsofrats.(这种老鼠比其他种类的老鼠大)”符合句意上的转折。故选E。6．E

7．F

8．A

9．C

10．B【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何找到真正的朋友。6．空格前说“Alotofpeoplewoulddefinearealfriendasatreasure.（很多人会把真正的朋友定义为一种财富。）”，E选项“Justlikeinsearchingfortreasure,aneffortshouldbedone.（就像寻找宝藏一样，需要付出努力。）”中的“treasure”和前面的“treasure”一致，构成词语复现，既然需要付出努力，那接下来讲一些步骤，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。7．空格前说“Beinterestedinothers.Havinginterestinothersisthefirststeptowardsmakingfriends.（对他人感兴趣。对别人感兴趣是交朋友的第一步。）”，F选项“Onewaytoshowinterestistoknowtheirnameandrememberit.（表现出兴趣的一种方式是知道并记住他们的名字。）”中的“showinterest”和前面的“Havinginterestinothers”相一致，是语义的重复出现，因此F选项承接上文，符合语境，故选F。8．空格后说“Beingagoodlistenerisimportantinbuildingfriendships.（做一个好的倾听者对建立友谊很重要。）”，A选项“Payattentiontohowyoulisten.（注意你的倾听方式。）”中的“listen”和后面的“listener”相呼应，因此A选项承上启下，符合语境，故选A。9．本段主题句是“Beloyal.（要忠诚。）”，空格前说“Arealfriendshouldn’tdamageyourreputationbyjoininginwickedgossip.（真正的朋友不应该参与恶意的流言蜚语而损害你的声誉。）”，空格处应接着说真正的朋友会怎么做，C选项“Instead,heorshewillloyallystandupforyou.（相反，他或她会忠诚地支持你。）”说明了真正的朋友的做法，其中的“loyally”与主题句中的“loyal”相一致，因此C选项承接上文，符合语境，故选C。10．空格前说“Wemuststrivetomakeitanalmostperfectkindoffriendship.（我们必须努力让它成为一种近乎完美的友谊。）”，B选项“Andtoattainit,weneedtimeandemotion.（要做到这一点，我们需要时间和情感。）”中的“needtimeandemotion”和前面的“strive”相呼应，表示因为需要时间和情感，所以要努力，因此B选项承接上文，符合语境，故选B。11．C

12．D

13．F

14．A

15．G【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是到底多少岁算老，其实这和心态有关。11．空格前的“Howoldis“old”?（“老”是多少岁？）”是一个问题，因此空格处给出回答，C选项“Theanswerhaschangedovertheyears.（多年来，答案一直在变化。）”中的“Theanswer”和前面的问题相承接，因此C选项承接上文，符合语境，故选C。12．空格前说““Youareasoldoryoungasyoufeel!”Thecalendar(日历)simplytellsyouhowmanyyearsyouhavelived.（“你觉得自己年轻还是老，你就有多年轻!”日历只是告诉你你活了多少年。）”，接下来应说到自己是年轻还是老是由除了日历以外的东西来告诉你的，D选项“Yourbodytellsyouhowwellyou’velived.（你的身体告诉你你过得有多好。）”说明了身体状况会告诉你你是年轻还是老，因此D选项承接上文，符合语境，故选D。13．空格前说“Nobodygrowsoldbylivinganumberofyears.（没有人会因为活了几年而变老。）”，F选项“Peoplegrowoldbygivinguptheirgoals.（人因放弃目标而变老。）”在句式上和前面一致，形成句式上的重复，且在语义上和上文相互承接，因此F选项符合语境，故选F。14．空格后说“AliceBrophy,whenshewaswiththeNewYorkCitycommissionfortheAging,said,“Itupsetsmewhenpeoplesay,‘Gee,youlookyoungforyourage!’（爱丽丝·布罗菲(AliceBrophy)在纽约市老龄化委员会工作时表示，“当人们说，‘哎呀，你看起来比实际年龄年轻!）”，这说明老只是人们的一种观点，A选项“Oldisapointofview.（老是一种观点。）”正好说明了这一点，因此A选项符合语境，故选A。15．空格前说“Therearemanywrongideasaboutaging.（关于衰老有许多错误的观点。）”，G选项“Theseideasstereotype(固化)peopleonthebasisofage.（这些观念因年龄而使人产生成见。）”中的“Theseideas”指代前面的“wrongideas”，因此G选项承接上文，符合语境，故选G。16．G

17．C

18．F

19．E

20．A【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现人们对成功和失败的反应是天生的，介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及研究发现。16．根据上文“ThediscoverycamefromJessicaTracyfromtheUniversityofBritishColumbiaandDavidMatsumotofromSanFranciscoStateUniversity,whowantedtoseehowpeopleshowedfeelingsofprideandshame.(这一发现来自英属哥伦比亚大学的JessicaTracy和旧金山州立大学的DavidMatsumoto，他们想知道人们是如何表达自豪和羞愧的)”可知，上文提到JessicaTracy和DavidMatsumoto想知道人们是如何表达自豪和羞愧的，本句应承接上文进一步说明他们想法，G选项中They指代上文中JessicaTracy和DavidMatsumoto。故G选项“他们尤其想知道这些表达方式是否是文化决定的，是否是通过观察习得的”符合语境，故选G。17．根据上文“Itssistercompetition—theParalympics—includedmanyathleteswhowerebornblind.(它的姊妹比赛——残奥会——包括许多天生失明的运动员)”可知，上文提到残奥会包括许多眼睛看不见的运动员，故本句与上文构成因果关系，表示这些人无法目睹其他人对胜利和失败的反应，C选项中they指代上文manyathleteswhowerebornblind。故C选项“因此，他们无法目睹其他人对胜利和失败的反应”符合语境，故选C。18．根据上文“Workingwithaprofessionalphotographer,TracyandMatsumotocomparedthebodylanguageof108competitors,41ofwhomhadlosttheirsight,and12ofwhomwereblindfrombirth.Thephotographerrepeatedlytookpicturesoftheseathletesaftertheircompetitions,andtheresearcherscarefullyrecordedthepositionsoftheirheads,armsandbodies.(在一位专业摄影师的帮助下，Tracy和Matsumoto比较了108名参赛者的肢体语言，其中41人后天失明，12人从出生就失明。摄影师在运动员比赛结束后反复拍照，研究人员仔细记录他们头部、手臂和身体的姿势)”以及后文“Thewinnerstiltedtheirheadsup,smiled,liftedtheirarmsandpuffedouttheirchests,whileshouldersbentforwardandnarrowedchestswerethemarksoflosers.(获胜者仰起头、微笑、举起双臂、挺起胸膛，而失败者的标志是肩膀前倾、胸膛狭窄)”可知，上文提到Tracy和Matsumoto在对比运动员的姿势，后文则提到了一些获胜者和失败者所共有的肢体动作，可推测他们发现有视力和失明的运动员的行为方式几乎完全相同，故F选项“通过分析数据，他们发现有视力和失明的运动员的行为方式几乎完全相同”符合语境，故选F。19．根据上一段中“Thewinnerstiltedtheirheadsup,smiled,liftedtheirarmsandpuffedouttheirchests,whileshouldersbentforwardandnarrowedchestswerethemarksoflosers.(获胜者仰起头、微笑、举起双臂、挺起胸膛，而失败者的标志是肩膀前倾、胸膛狭窄)”以及后文“Menandwomenwhohaveneverseenotherpeoplebehaveinthesewaysstillmakeexactlythesamemovements.Andwhileit’spossiblethatparentsmayhavetaughttheirblindchildrensomeoftheseactions,it’sveryunlikelythattheycouldhavetaughtthemall—particularlytheexpansionornarrowingofthechest.(从来没有见过别人有这种行为的男人和女人仍然做出完全相同的动作。虽然父母可能教过他们的盲童一些这些动作，但他们不太可能教过他们——尤其是胸部的扩张或缩小)”可知，上一段对比的结果是有视力和失明的运动员行为方式几乎完全相同，都做出了一些共有的动作，后文则提到从来没有见过别人有这种行为的男人和女人仍然做出完全相同的动作，可推测他们的行为证明了这些动作能力是天生就有的。故E选项“运动员的行为有力地证明了他们从出生起就具有天生的动作能力”符合语境，故选E。20．根据上文“Theseactionswerealsoremarkablyconsistentbetweencontestantsfromeverypartoftheworld.TracyandMatsumotoarguethatprideandshamedeserveaplacealongsideotherprimaryemotionslikehappiness,fearandsurprise.(这些动作在来自世界各地的选手之间也非常一致。Tracy和Matsumoto认为，骄傲和羞耻应该和其他基本情感，如快乐、恐惧和惊讶，一起占有