2023年雅思剑桥真题长难句解析

1.Ｔｈｅscｅｎtsｈｅcaｒｒiedinｈeｒsａmｐｌｅsａｎdonhｅｒｂｏdywａsaｍeｓｓagｅｔoｔhｅotｈeｒbeesthａtｔｈiｓｗaｓtheｏneｔheｙwｅrｅlookｉｎgfor.（剑４,GｅｎeralTrainingTesｔBｓeｃｔiｏn３)ﻫ分析：本句的主句为“Tｈesceｎｔwａsamessagetｏthｅotherｂees”;“shecaｒｒｉeｄiｎhersamｐlesａndｏnhｅｒbody”为定语从句,做Ｔｈｅsｃent的定语，关系词在定语从句中做宾语，因此被省掉;“thaｔtｈisｗastｈeonetheyｗerelookｉngfor”为thａt引导的同位语从句，做ameｓsage的同位语;“ｔｈｅywｅｒｅlooｋinｇfoｒ”为定语从句,做theone的定语，关系词在定语从句中做foｒ的宾语，因此被省掉。ﻫ2．Soonｈewoｕｌdalsodiscoveｒanｕmberofothｅrremａrkableｆａｃtsａｂouthoｗｂeescoｍmunicateand，iｎdoinｇso,rｅvolｕｔioniｚｅｔｈestudyｏfanimalbehaviｏrgenerally．（剑4,ＧenｅrａlTｒainingTeｓtＢｓection3)

分析:本句的主句为“hewouｌｄalsｏｄiscoveｒanumｂeroｆｏthｅrremarkablefａctsabouｔ…anｄreｖolutionｉｚｅthestudyofaｎiｍａlbehaｖiｏrgenｅrally”；“howbeesｃｏmmuｎicate”为how引导的宾语从句，做介词aｂouｔ的宾语。

3．Theｒeｈad,ofcｏuｒse,ｂeenｄictｉｏnａrｉesintheｐast,ｔｈｅｆirｓtofthｅsebeiｎgalittlｅbookofsome1２0pａgｅs,comｐileｄbyａcｅrtainＲobertCaｗｄray,ｐｕblishedin1604ｕndeｒｔｈetitｌeATａｂleＡlｐhaｂetｉcaｌｌ‘ｏfｈarduｓualEngｌｉshwords＇.(剑５,Tesｔ1passａge１）ﻫ分析：本句主句“Therehaｄbeenｄicｔionaｒies”；“ｔhefiｒｓtoftｈｅｓeｂeingaｌittlｅbookofｓｏｍe1２０pages,ｃompiledbyａceｒｔａｉnRｏbertCawｄray,ｐｕｂlisｈedin１６04uｎdｅrtｈetｉtlｅATａbｌeAlphａbｅticall‘ｏfharduｓuaｌＥｎglishwoｒdｓ'”为独立主格结构，其中“compiledbyaｃertainRobeｒtCawdraｙ”和“ｐuｂlｉsｈedin1６04undｅrthｅtｉｔleATａbleAlphａbeticaｌl‘ofhaｒｄｕｓuａlEｎｇlｉshwords'”均为过去分词短语作定语，做alｉttlｅbｏok的定语。

４.ＩtishighlyapprｏpｒiatethatＤｒSamuelＪohnsｏｎ,ｔhｅvｅrymoｄelofaneighteenth－cenｔurｙｌｉｔeraｒyｍaｎ,asｆamouｓinhisoｗntimeａsｉnoｕrs,ｓhouldhａvepubliｓhedhiｓDｉcｔiｏnarｙatthｅverybeｇinｎingofｔhehｅydayｏfthemidｄｌeclass．（剑5,Ｔｅｓt１pasｓagｅ1)ﻫ分析:本句的主句为“Itｉshｉｇhlyappropｒｉａｔethat…”,其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句,即“thatDrSamuelＪohnson，tｈeveｒymｏｄeｌｏfaｎeighteenth-centuryｌiｔerａｒymａn,asfａmoｕsinhｉｓoｗntimｅaｓiｎoｕrs,ｓｈｏuｌdhａvepubｌishedhisDictionａryatthｅverｙｂegｉnnｉｎgofthｅｈeydａｙoftｈemｉdｄlecｌasｓ”；在主语从句中“theveｒymｏdelofaｎeighteenth-ceｎｔｕryliteｒａrymaｎ”为DrSaｍuelJohnson的同位语，“aｓｆaｍｏuｓinhｉｓｏwｎtimeasinｏurs”为DｒSａmｕelJohnｓon的定语。ﻫ５.Hｉsａpprｏachｔoｔheprｏblemsthathadｗｏｒriedｗritersｔhｒouｇhouttｈelaｔesｅvｅｎteeｎｔｈandearlyeighteｅｎthceｎturiesｗａsiｎtｅnｓelｙｐｒactical.(剑5,Ｔｅst1passagｅ１)ﻫ分析：本句的主句为“Hｉsapprｏａｃhtothｅpｒｏblｅmswaｓｉntenselypracticaｌ”;“tｈａthadｗorriｅdwriterｓthroughoｕtthelaｔeｓｅventeｅnｔhaｎdearlyｅighteenｔｈｃenｔuries”为定语从句,做theprｏbｌｅms的定语,关系词为tｈaｔ。ﻫ６.Ｈewastoｂepａid￡１，５75iniｎｓtaｌlmｅnts，aｎdfrｏｍthisｈetookmoｎeytoｒenｔ１7GｏughSquarｅ，ｉnｗhichheｓetuｐｈis‘ｄictiｏnaryｗｏrｋshｏp'.（剑５，Test1passaｇｅ1)ﻫ分析:本句为并列句，“Hewａsｔobepaid￡1,575iｎiｎstallments”和“fｒomｔhisｈetookmonｅytorent17ＧouｇｈSqｕaｒe,ｉｎwｈichｈｅｓetuphiｓ‘ｄictionａｒｙworkshop'.”并列,由and连接；“inｗhichheｓetｕpｈｉs‘diｃtionaｒyｗorkshｏp'.”为定语从句，做1７GｏughSqｕare的定语，关系词为ｗｈich。ﻫ7.JamｅsＢｏｓwelｌ,hisbiogｒａｐhｅr,ｄｅsｃriｂedtｈｅgarretwｈeｒeＪoｈｎsonworkｅdas‘fittｅduplikeacｏuntiｎghouse＇wiｔhalｏngｄeskｒｕnniｎgdownthemiｄdleatwhiｃｈthecｏｐｙingｃlerkｓwｏuｌｄworkstandｉnｇup.（剑5,Teｓt1paｓsaｇｅ１)

分析:本句主句为“ＪaｍesＢosweｌｌdescｒiｂedthｅgａｒreｔａs‘fｉtteduplikeａcouｎｔinghouｓe'ｗithalongdesk.”；“hisｂiograｐher”为JaｍesBoswelｌ的同位语;“wｈereＪoｈnsonｗｏｒkｅd”为定语从句，做tｈegａrret的定语，关系词为wｈeｒe;“runningdoｗnthemiｄdle”为现在分词短语做定语,做aloｎｇdｅsk的定语；“ａtwhicｈtheｃopｙinｇclｅrkswoｕｌdworksｔａndｉngup”为定语从句,做lｏngdesｋ的定语,关系词为wｈiｃh。

8.Hewasalｓohelpedbｙsixasｓistanｔs,twｏofwhomdieｄｗhilstthedｉctionaｒｙｗaｓstｉｌｌinｐreparatｉon.(剑５，Ｔesｔ１passage1）

分析:本句主句为“Hewasaｌｓohelpedbysixａssｉstaｎts”；“twｏofwhｏmｄieｄwｈilstthedictionａrywasｓtilliｎpreｐaration”为定语从句,做sｉxａｓsistants的定语，关系词为whom；在定语从句中,“wｈiｌｓｔtｈediｃｔｉonａｒywassｔillinpreparaｔion”为whilst引导的时间状语从句。

9.ThefactthatJohnsｏnhａdtａkenoｎthｅAｃademiesofEｕｒｏpｅandmatchedthｅm(ｅｖeryoneｋｎewthaｔｆｏｒtyFreｎｃhaｃademｉcshadｔａｋｅｎfortyｙearｓtoprodｕcethefirstFrencｈｎatｉoｎaｌdicｔｉｏnarｙ)wasｃausｅfｏrmuchEnｇlｉshcｅlｅbratioｎ.（剑5,Ｔest１ｐａssagｅ1)

分析：本句的主句为“TｈefaｃtwascaｕseforｍuchＥnｇlishｃelebraｔion”；“thａtJｏｈnsｏｎｈadtakｅnoｎtheAcａdｅｍiesoｆEurｏpeandmａｔchｅdｔhem”为thaｔ引导的同位语从句，做Thｅfaｃｔ的同位语;括号中部分起到解释说明的作用。ﻫ１０.Aｆｅwyearsａgo，inoneofｔhemｏsｔｆaｓcinａtingａndｄiｓｔｕrｂingexperimｅｎtsiｎbehａvｉoｕrａｌpsycｈology,StanleyＭｉlgｒamｏfYａleＵnｉｖｅrsitｙtｅstｅｄ４0sｕbｊectｓfromａllwalkｓofliｆeforｔhｅiｒwiｌlinｇnｅsstoobｅｙｉｎsｔrｕｃtiｏnsgｉvenbya‘leadeｒ'iｎａsituａtioninwhｉcｈthesｕｂjectsｎｉgｈｔfeelapｅrｓｏnａｌdisｔasｔefｏｒｔheacｔionstheywｅrecalledｕpontopｅｒforｍ.(剑5,Teｓｔ１ｐassａge2）ﻫ分析：本句主句为“SｔanleyMｉlｇrａｍoｆYaleＵniveｒsｉtytested40subjectsfroｍallｗａlksoflｉfefｏｒｔｈeirwilliｎgneｓｓｔoobeｙinstｒuctionsgivenｂya‘leader'inａsiｔuation”；“Ａｆewyeaｒｓagｏ，iｎonｅofthemostfａscｉnatiｎgａｎｄdisｔurbingexpeｒimentsinbehaｖiｏurａｌｐsｙchologｙ”为状语；“inwｈichthesubjｅcｔsnｉghtfeelapeｒsonaｌdisｔａsｔｅｆortｈeactｉonstheyｗerecaｌleｄｕpｏntoperfｏrm”为定语从句，做asitｕation的定语，关系词为which,其中“ｔｈeywｅrecａｌlｅdｕpｏnｔoperfｏrm”也为定语从句，做theactioｎs的定语，关系词在该定语从句中做宾语,因此被省掉。

1１.Milgramtoldeａchｖoｌｕnｔeeｒ‘teacｈer-subｊｅｃt'ｔｈａttheexperimentｗasｉnthenｏblｅcausｅofedｕｃaｔion,aｎdwasｄeｓigｎeｄtoｔestwhetherornoｔpunishiｎｇpupilsｆortheｉrmiｓtａkeswouldhaveａpositiveeffeｃｔontｈeｐupil'saｂilitytolｅarn.(剑5,Tesｔ1passage２）

分析：本句的主句为“Miｌgｒamｔoldｅaｃhvolｕnｔeer‘ｔeacheｒ－subjecｔ'thａt…”;“thatｔheeｘｐerｉmentwasｉｎtｈeｎｏblecauseofeduｃａｔioｎ,aｎdwasｄeｓigneｄtｏtｅsｔwhethｅrornoｔｐunishingpupiｌsforthｅｉrｍiｓｔakｅswouｌdhaveapositiveeffecｔonthｅpupil'saｂilitytoｌearn.”为宾语从句,做动词toｌd的宾语；“wｈetｈeｒorｎｏtpｕnisｈingpｕpilｓfortheirmistaｋｅswoｕldｈaｖeａpoｓitivｅeｆfectｏntｈepuｐiｌ＇sabiｌitｙｔoｌeａrn”为whether引导的宾语从句,做test的宾语。1.Tｈeｔeacｈer-subjｅctwaｓtｏｌdthatwhｅneverthepupiｌgａvetheｗronganｓwｅrtoaqｕeｓｔion,asｈｏckwａstobeａdmｉｎｉｓteｒed,begｉｎningaｔｔｈeｌowestlevelanｄincreaｓinginseverｉtywｉtｈeaｃｈsucｃｅssivewroｎgａｎswer.(剑5,Test１paｓsage2）分析：本句的主句为“Thｅｔｅacher－sｕbjecｔwasｔoldtｈａt…”;“ｔｈatwｈｅｎeveｒｔheｐupilｇavetｈeｗrｏnganswertｏaqｕesｔion,aｓhockwasｔobeadministered,beｇｉnniｎgatthelowestleveｌaｎdincreaｓｉngｉnseverityｗitheａｃhsucceｓsiｖewroｎgansweｒ”为thａt引导的宾语从句，做ｔell的宾语；在该宾语从句中“aｓhocｋwasｔｏbeａｄminｉsｔereｄ”为主句，而“wheneveｒthepuｐiｌgavｅｔhewroｎgansｗｅrｔoaｑuestioｎ”为wｈenever引导的时间装语从句,在该宾语从句中做时间状语，“begｉnnｉngatthｅlｏｗestleveｌandiｎcrｅasｉｎgｉnseveｒitｙwiｔheachsucｃessivｅwroｎgａnswer”为现在分词短语做状语，在该宾语从句中做随着状语。2.Miｌｇｒamtoｌdtheteacheｒ-ｓubjeｃｔｔoiｇnｏrethereａｃｔｉoｎsofthepｕpil，anｄｔoaｄｍiniｓteｒwhaｔevｅrｌｅvelｏｆshockｗascａlledfor，ａｓpertherｕｌegoveｒningthｅexperiｍｅｎtaｌsｉｔｕationｏｆthemoment.(剑５，Ｔesｔ1pａsｓage2)分析:本句的主句为“Milgｒamｔoｌdtheteａｃher-sｕbjecttoignorethereactionsｏftｈepupｉl,andtoadminiｓterｗｈａtｅvｅrlevelofshoｃkwascaｌledfor”；其中“whａtｅverｌevｅlofｓhockwascalｌedfor”为whａtevｅr引导的宾语从句,做adminisｔer的宾语;ａsper为介词短语,意为依据，根据;“ｇoｖerniｎgｔheｅxｐerimenｔａlsｉｔuatioｎｏｆtｈｅｍoment”为现在分词短语作定语,做therule的定语。3.Asｔheexpeｒimentunfoldeｄ,tｈepｕpilwｏｕldｄｅfｉnitelｙgiveｔhewrongansｗeｒstoqueｓｔｉonspｏｓｅdbyｔｈeｔeacｈeｒ,theｒeｂybringingonvariouseleｃtricaｌpｕnｉｓhmｅnts,evenｕpｔoｔhedaｎgeｒlevｅｌof30０voltsａndbｅyｏnd．（剑5,Test1passａge２)分析:本句主句“thepupiｌｗｏuldｄefｉnｉｔelygiｖeｔｈｅwｒoｎｇansｗerｓtoquestioｎs”;“Ａｓｔheexpeｒｉmeｎtuｎｆｏlｄｅd”为Aｓ引导的时间状语从句,做该主句的时间状语;“posｅdbｙthｅteaｃhｅr”为过去分词短语作定语,做ｑueｓtions的定语;“bringingｏnvａｒiouselecｔricalｐuｎishmeｎts,evｅnuptｏtｈeｄangerlevelｏｆ３００vｏｌtｓaｎdbeyond”为现在分词短语作状语,做主句的随着状语。４.Ｉnthesesitｕations,Milｇramcalmlyｅｘplainｅdthａttheteacｈｅr-subjectwastoigｎorｅｔhｅpupil＇scrｉesfoｒｍercyandcarryｏnthｅexperｉｍenｔ.(剑5,Tｅst1passagｅ2)分析：本句的主句为“Ｍiｌｇｒaｍｃａlｍlyｅｘｐlaiｎedthaｔ…”;“ｔhattheｔeacheｒ－subjectｗastoｉｇnｏrｅｔhepｕpiｌ'scrｉesｆｏｒmercｙandcａrryontheｅxpｅｒｉmenｔ”为that引导的宾语从句,做exｐlain的宾语；在该宾语从句中“toignorethｅｐuｐｉl'sｃrieｓfｏrmercyａndｃarｒyｏntheexpｅｒｉment”为不定式做表语。5．Ifｔhesｕbjeｃtwasstｉllreluctａｎttoｐroｃeeｄ,Milgramｓaidtｈａtitｗａsiｍportantfoｒthesaｋeｏftheexpeｒimenttｈaｔtheｐrocedｕrebefollowｅdthｒoughtotheeｎd．（剑5,Teｓｔ1passage2)分析:本句的主句为“Milｇｒａmsａidtｈaｔ…”;“Ｉftｈesubjectｗasｓtillrｅlｕｃｔanttopｒoｃeｅd”为If引导的条件状语从句；“tｈａｔitｗasimpｏrｔａｎtｆorthesａkeoftheeｘperiｍeｎtｔｈａｔthepｒocedurｅｂｅfolｌoweｄthrｏuｇｈtotheｅｎd.”为that引导的宾语从句，做saｉd的宾语;在该宾语从句“ｔｈatitwasｉmpｏrtaｎtｆorthｅsaｋeofthｅeｘperiｍentthaｔtheproceｄurebefolｌowedｔhroughtｏｔheend．”中,it为形式主语，“tｈattheprocedｕrebefolｌｏweｄthｒoｕｇhtotheend”为thａt引导的主语从句，是该宾语从句真正的主语。６．WhatＭilｇraｍｗastryｉngtodiｓcovｅrｗastｈenumbｅroｆtｅａcher-subjeｃtsｗhowouldbeｗillingtoadministｅrtheｈighｅsｔleveｌｓｏfｓｈoｃｋ，eveniｎthｅfaceofsｔｒoｎgpｅrｓonalａndmoralrｅvｕｌsionａgａｉnsttheruｌeｓandcｏndｉｔioｎｓｏftheexｐeｒiｍent．(剑5,Test1pａssａge2)分析:本句的主句为“WhatMilgrａmwａsｔryｉnｇtodisｃoverｗasｔhenumｂeｒoｆｔeacｈer-sｕｂｊects”;“ＷhatMilgrａmwasｔｒyingｔｏdiscoｖeｒ”为What引导的主语从句;“whoｗoｕldbewillingｔoaｄminｉsterｔｈeｈｉgheｓtlｅｖeｌｓｏfshock,ｅｖeniｎtheｆaｃeofｓtｒｏnｇpeｒsonalandｍoｒａｌreｖｕlｓionａgaiｎsttherulｅsａndconditionsofｔhｅexpｅrimenｔ.”为定语从句，做teacｈer-sｕbjectｓ的定语,关系词为wｈo。7．Ｐｒiｏrtｏｃarｒyingｏｕtｔheexperiｍeｎt,Milgraｍexｐlａｉnｅdhisideatoagｒｏupｏf3９psｙchｉatriｓｔsandaskeｄｔhemtoｐrｅdｉcttheaveｒａgepｅｒceｎtaｇeofpeopleinaｎordinａrｙpopｕlatiｏnwhowoulｄbeｗillinｇtoadministeｒthehighestｓhockleｖｅloｆ４50vｏｌts.(剑5,Teｓt１paｓsage2）分析:本句的主句为“Milgrａmexｐlaineｄhiｓｉdeａtoaｇrouｐｏｆ39psychiatristsandaskｅｄtｈeｍｔoｐredictｔｈeaｖerａｇepercentagｅofｐeopｌeiｎanｏrdinａrypoｐuｌatioｎ．”;“Priortocaｒryｉngouｔtｈeｅｘpｅｒiｍent”为时间状语，ｐrioｒto相称于beｆｏre;“whowoulｄbewｉlliｎｇtoａdminisｔerthｅhｉgｈeｓｔsｈocklevelof45０ｖoltｓ．”为定语从句,做ａnorｄiｎaryｐopuｌａtion的定语，关系词为wｈｏ。８.Theoveｒwhelｍiｎｇｃonsｅｎsusｗaｓthatvirtｕaｌｌｙalltｈｅｔｅaｃhｅr－sｕbjectswouｌdrefｕsｅtoｏbeytheexｐｅｒimeｎtｅr．(剑5,Ｔest１ｐassage2）分析：本句主句为“Ｔheoveｒｗhｅlmiｎgconseｎｓuswasthat…”;“thaｔvirtuallyａｌlthｅteacｈer－suｂjectｓwouｌdreｆｕseｔoｏbｅytheｅxpeｒｉmenter”为表语从句，做was的表语。９.Theｐsychiａｔrisｔsfeltｔhat‘mostsｕbｊectｓwｏuldgobｅyond15０volts'aｎｄthｅyfuｒtｈerａｎticipaｔedｔｈatoｎlｙfourpercentwouｌｄｇｏuｐto3００vｏlｔs．(剑５,Test1pａssage2)分析:本句为并列句，“Ｔhepsｙcｈｉatｒistsfelｔｔhat‘mｏstsuｂjectswoｕldgｏbeyond150voｌｔｓ＇”和“ｔhｅｙfuｒtheranticipateｄthatonlyfourpｅrｃentｗouldｇoupto３00voltｓ”并列，由and连接;其中“ｔｈaｔ‘ｍoｓtsｕbjectｓｗoｕｌdｇobｅyｏnｄ1５0voltｓ＇”为tｈat引导的宾语从句，做ｆｅlｔ的宾语,而“thａtｏnlｙfourpercｅntwouldgｏｕｐto30０voltｓ”也为ｔｈat引导的宾语从句，做anticipaｔed的宾语。１0.Hｏwcａnwepｏssiｂｌyａccountｆorｔhisvasｔdiscrｅpancｙbｅtweｅnwhaｔｃaｌｍ，ｒaｔional,ｋnowlｅdgeablｅpeopｌｅpｒedｉctiｎthｅcｏｍfoｒｔoftｈeｉrstudyａndwhatｐrｅｓsured,flusteｒed,ｂｕtcoopeｒaｔivｅ‘ｔeａchers'ａｃｔｕallｙdoｉntheｌａboratoｒyofrｅallifｅ?（剑5，Ｔest1ｐassaｇe2）分析：本句主句为“Hｏwｃanwepｏｓｓiblyaｃｃounｔforthｉsvastｄｉsｃｒepaｎcybeｔween…ａnd…”;“wｈatcalm,ratiｏnａｌ，kｎｏwleｄgeａblepeｏpｌeprediｃtｉntｈecｏmfortoｆtheｉrstudy”和“whatｐrｅsｓｕｒed,flusｔereｄ,butcoopｅｒative‘ｔeａchｅrs'actuａllｙｄoiｎthelaｂoratｏrｙofreaｌlｉfｅ”均为what引导的宾语从句。11.Onｅ'ｓfirｓtinclinaｔionmightｂetoarguｅthａｔtheremusｔｂeｓoｍesortｏfbuilｔ-iｎanimaｌaggrｅssionｉnsｔｉncttｈａtwasaｃtｉvatｅｄbｙｔheexpeｒｉmｅnt,andthatMilｇrａm'sｔeachｅｒ-subjｅctｓwerejustｆollｏｗingaｇeneticneedｔｏdiｓｃhargｅthispｅｎｔ-upｐrimaｌurgｅontｏｔhｅｐuｐｉlｂyaｄｍiniｓteringtheelｅcｔricaｌshｏcｋ.(剑5,Tesｔ1ｐａｓsａge2)分析:本句的主句为“Oｎe＇sfiｒsｔincliｎatiｏnｍigｈtbeｔo…”;“toaｒｇｕeｔhａttherｅｍustbesomesoｒtｏfbuilt-ｉｎａnimaｌaｇgrｅｓsｉoninstincｔthaｔwaｓａctivａtｅｄbｙｔｈeexperｉｍent，anｄｔhａtMilgram＇steacher-sｕbｊｅctsｗerejustfollowiｎgagｅｎetｉcneｅdtoｄischａrgetｈispent－ｕpｐrimａlｕｒgeoｎｔoｔhepｕpilｂｙadminiｓteｒiｎgｔhｅｅlectricalshock.”为不定式做表语,做be的表语;在此表语中“tｈattheremuｓｔbｅsoｍesｏｒｔofbuiｌｔ-inanimaｌaggｒｅssioninsｔinｃｔ”和“thatMilgraｍ'steacher－sｕbjｅｃtsweｒｅjｕstｆｏllowingagenｅtiｃneedtodischargetｈispent－upｐｒiｍaluｒgeontotheｐupilbyadｍiniｓteringthｅelecｔriｃalshock”并列,皆为that引导的宾语从句,做argue的宾语；“thatｗaｓａｃｔivatedbytｈｅeｘｐｅriｍenｔ”为定语从句,做inｓtｉnct的定语，关系词为that。1.Asａｕdiencesｇｒew，soｄiｄtheｐlaｃｅsｗheｒｅfilmsｗeｒeshowｎ,fiｎishｉngupwｉththe‘ｇreatpｉｃｔureｐａlaｃｅｓ’oｆthe19２０ｓ，whichrivａleｄ,andoccasioｎaｌlysupersｅｄｅｄ，theatresanｄoperａ-houｓesinteｒmｓofopulｅncｅandspleｎdour.(剑4,GｅneralTrainiｎgTesｔAsectiｏn3）分析：本句的主句为倒装句“soｄidｔｈeplaｃｅs”;“Asaudｉencｅｓgreｗ”为as引导的时间状语从句；“wｈerefｉlmsｗｅｒesｈoｗｎ”为定语从句，做plａces的定语,关系词为ｗheｒe；“finiｓhinguｐｗｉththe‘ｇrｅaｔｐｉcturepaｌaｃes’ｏftｈｅ1920ｓ”为现在分词短语做随着状语;“whichrivａｌed,andｏccasiｏnalｌｙsuｐerseded,thｅatresａndopeｒａ-houseｓinｔermsofoｐuｌenceandspｌenｄoｕr.”为非限制性定语从句,关系词为wｈiｃh。２.IｔwasaｂovｅallthｅＦｒｅｎch,follｏwedbｙtｈeＡmeriｃaｎs,whowerethemｏsｔｐａssioｎateeｘｐorｔerｓoｆthenewinvention,hｅlpinｇｔostartciｎemａinChｉna，Ｊapan,ＬatinAmericａaｎdRussia.（剑４,GｅｎｅralTrainingTestAｓecｔioｎ3）分析：本句的主句为“ＩｔwasabovｅａlltheFrench”;“fｏllowedｂｙtｈeAｍｅrｉｃａns.”为过去分词短语做定语;“ｗｈｏｗｅｒeｔheｍosｔｐaｓsionaｔeeｘportersofｔhenｅwinvｅnｔｉon”为非限制性定语从句，做Freｎｃh的定语，关系词为who；“helpingtostartcｉnｅmainChina,Jａpan,LatinAmericaandRussia”为现在分词短语做定语。3.ＩntermｓofａrtｉｓtｉcdevelopmenｔitwasａgaintｈeＦreｎchａndｔheAmｅricanswhｏtｏokthｅｌｅad，thoｕghiｎthｅyearsbeforethｅFｉrｓtWorldWar,Italy,DｅnmarkandRuｓｓiaaｌｓoｐlaｙedａｐａrt.（剑4,GenerａlTrainｉnｇＴeｓｔAsectiｏn3）分析:本句主句为强调句式“ｉtwaｓagaintｈeFｒｅｎcｈanｄｔｈｅAｍericａnｓwhotｏｏｋthelｅad”；“ｔｈoｕｇｈｉnｔｈｅyearsｂeforeｔｈeＦｉrsｔＷoｒｌdWａr,Italy,DenmarkandRusｓiａalsoｐlayedａｐaｒt”为thｏugh引导的让步状语从句。4．ＴｈerｅsｔｏftheｗorlｄｓurviｖedｐaｒtlｙbyｌeaｒningfromHｏｌlyｗoodaｎdｐａrtlyｂｅｃａuseaｕdienｃescoｎtinueｄｔoexisｔfｏrａprodｕｃtwhicｈcｏrｒeｓponｄedtoｎｅedｓwhｉcｈHoｌｌywooｄcｏuｌdnｏtsuppｌy．（剑4,GｅneraｌＴｒainingTesｔAｓection3）分析:本句的主句为“Tｈｅreｓtoｆtheworldsurviｖeｄ”;“becauseauｄiencescｏnｔｉｎｕedtoｅxistfoｒａprｏｄｕｃｔ”为because引导的因素状语从句;“ｗhichcorｒｅｓｐｏndedｔoneeds”为定语从句,做pｒoduct的定语,关系词为whiｃh；“wｈichHollｙｗｏｏdｃｏuldnotsupply”为定语从句，做neｅdｓ的定语，关系词为ｗhiｃh。５.Asｗeｌlａsｐoｐｕlarａuｄiｅnces,therewｅrealsoｉncrｅａsinｇａｕdienceｓforｆｉlmswhｉchwｅｒｅartiｓｔicａｌlｙmoreaｄvｅｎtuｒousorwhicｈdealｔwiｔhtheiｓsuesinthｅｏｕterwｏrld.(剑4,GｅｎeralTrainingTeｓtAsection3)分析：本句的主句为“thereｗｅｒealｓoincrｅasiｎgaｕdienceｓfｏｒｆｉlms”，“ｗhichｗereartｉsticalｌymoreadveｎｔｕｒous”和“whicｈdeaｌtwitｈthｅisｓｕesintheｏuteｒｗorlｄ”为并列句,由or连接,都为定语从句做fｉｌｍｓ的定语，关系词都为which．6．Theyturnｅdthｅirbackonｔhepast,leavｉngthestyleoｆthｅpre-ｗarRｕsｓiaｎcinematｏthｅémiｇｒéｓwhoflｅdｗｅｓtwarｄstoｅscａpetheRevｏｌution.（剑4，GｅｎeralTraｉｎingTestAsectioｎ3)分析:本句中“Theｙtuｒｎedtheｉrｂaｃkonthepast”为主句；“leavｉngthesｔyｌeoｆｔｈepre-ｗａrＲussiancineｍatothｅémigrés”为现在分词短语做状语;“whoflｅdwestwａrｄsｔoescaｐｅtheReｖolｕtｉon.”为定语从句,做theémiｇｒés的定语，关系词为who。７.TareeoｆferstｈeVｅterinarｙAsｓｉstanｔprogrａmａndｈasｉntｒoduced‘Ａgriｓｔｕdy’,ｗhｉcｈenablesstｕdeｎtｓtolearnｆlexiblｙandbycｏｒrespondｅnｃe,usiｎgaｍixtuｒｅoｆstｕｄenｔlearninｇguidｅs,ｔeｌeｐｈonetｕoｒiａls,iｎfoｒmationｓｅssiｏｎｓandworksｈoｐｓ.(剑4,GeneｒalTｒaｉｎingTeｓｔＢｓｅction2)分析:本句主句为“TareeofferstheVetｅriｎaｒyＡssisｔantprograｍａｎｄｈaｓintroduced‘Ａgｒistudy’”,“whｉchenａblesstuｄentstolearnflexiblｙandbycorrｅspoｎdenｃｅ,usingamiｘtureｏfstudentlearningguides,telephonｅtuｏｒiａｌs,informａtiｏnsessionｓandｗorkshops”为定语从句，做‘Ａgriｓtｕｄｙ’的定语,关系词为whiｃh。8．ＦorhisastｏｎishingacｈieveｍｅntｓhｅwａsaｗardｅdthｅNobeｌPrizeaｎdｉtisfromhiｓｗoｒkthａｔmosｔoftoday’skｎowledｇeofwhatbｅessaytoeachｏtherderives．（剑4,GeneｒalTraininｇTeｓtBsｅction3）分析：本句为并列句，“ForｈｉsａstonishinｇachieｖｅmentsｈeｗasawardedtｈｅNobeｌＰｒizｅ”和“itiｓｆrｏmhｉｓworktｈａtmostofｔoday’sknowｌedgeoｆｗｈａtbeｅssaytoeachｏthｅｒdeｒiｖes”并列,由ａnd连接，并且“itｉsfromhisｗorｋthatｍｏsｔoftoｄay’skｎｏｗledｇｅoｆwｈatbｅeｓsaｙtoeaｃhotherdｅｒｉveｓ”为强调句式；“whaｔbeessaytoeａchotheｒ”为what引导的宾语从句,做of的宾语。9．ＶonＦrisｃhknｅwfromｅxpeｒimentsbyａneaｒlieｒrｅseaｒｃheｒｔhａtifｈｅpuｔoutaｂowlofｓweetsuｇarｓyrup,beeｓmighｔatｆirstｔakesomｅtimetofinditbuｔ，ｏｎcｅtheｙhaｄdｏneｓｏ,ｗiｔｈｉｎthｅｈｏur,hｕndredｓｏfotｈerbeeswouldbeeａgerlytａｋｉngtheｓyrup.（剑4,GeneralＴrainingTestBsｅｃtioｎ3)分析:本句的主句为“VonFrｉｓchknewｆrｏmｅxpｅriｍentｓbyaｎearlieｒresearcherthat…”;“thatifhｅputoｕtaｂoｗlｏfsweetｓuｇaｒsｙrｕｐ,beeｓmightatｆirsｔtakesoｍetimｅtｏfiｎdｉtbuｔ，oｎｃｅthｅyhaddoneso,ｗithinthehour,ｈuｎdredsｏfotｈerbｅeswｏuldbｅeａgｅrlytａkingthesyrup”为tｈａt引导的宾语从句，做kneｗ的宾语;句子“ifｈepｕtoutabowｌoｆswｅetsugａrｓyrup,beesｍightaｔfｉrsttakｅsｏｍｅtimｅtｏfinｄit”和句子“oｎcetｈｅyｈａdｄoneso，wiｔｈintheｈoｕr,huｎdredsｏｆotherbeeswouldbeｅａgｅｒlｙtａkingｔheｓyｒup”并列,由buｔ连接；句子“ｉｆheputoutａbowｌｏfｓwｅｅｔsuｇarsyrup，beｅsmｉｇhtａtfirｓttakｅsｏmｅtimｅtofindit”中的“ｉfｈeputoutabowlｏfsweｅtsｕgａrsyruｐ”为if引导的条件状语从句；句子“ｏｎceｔｈeyhaｄdoneso,withinｔhehour,huｎdredsｏfｏｔherbeｅswoulｄbeｅagerlytakｉngｔheｓyｒup”中的“oncｅtheyhaｄdoneso”为once引导的时间状语从句。10.Iｎｔhefirstｔype，aｒetｕrｎinｇscouｔscamperｅdincircle,altｅrnaｔinｇｔｏｒiｇhtａndleft，ｓtopｐingoccasionallｙtoｒｅgurgitatefoｏdsａｍplestotheｅxｃitｅdbｅｅscｈasinｇafterher.（剑4,GeneralＴrainｉngTesｔBseｃtｉon３)分析:本句主句为“arｅtuｒninｇscｏutscaｍpｅredｉncｉｒcle”;“alternatiｎgtorｉｇhｔandleft”和“stopｐingoｃcａsioｎａllyｔoregurgｉtatefoｏdsampｌestoｔheexciteｄbeescｈasingaｆtｅrｈｅr”均为现在分词短语做随着状语,引导词省略；“ｃhasiｎｇａfterheｒ”为现在分词短语做定语,做bｅeｓ的定语。1１.Ｉnthethiｒd,ｄisｔinctlyｄiｆｆerｅntｄａnｃe,sｈeｓtaｒtｅdbyrｕnｎingａshoｒtdｉstanｃeinastrａｉｇｈｔline,wagｇlinｇｈerbodyfrｏmｓｉdｅｔｏside，andretｕrｎiｎginaｓemi-circｌｅｔotheｓtartｉngpointbeforeｒepｅatingtｈｅproceｓs.(剑4,GenerａlTrainingTｅｓtBsection3)分析:本句的主句为“ｓｈｅsｔarteｄbyｒunningａshortdistanceinastｒaightline”;“ｗaggliｎgｈｅｒboｄyfromsidetoside”和“rｅturninｇiｎａｓemｉ-cｉrclｅtoｔheｓtartinｇｐoint”并列，都为现在分词短语做随着状语；“bｅｆorereｐeaｔinｇtheｐrocesｓ”为before引导的现在分词短语做时间状语。1.Theprobｌｅmofhｏwheａlth－caｒereｓourceｓsｈoｕｌdbeallｏcａtedｏraｐporｔioned，ｓothaｔtｈｅyａredｉstrｉbutedinｔｈemosｔｊusｔanｄｅffｉcｉentway，isｎotａneｗｏｎe．（剑４,test４passaｇe３)分析：本句的主句为“Theｐroblｅmiｓnｏtaｎｅwonｅ”；“howheａｌth-ｃarerｅsouｒcesｓhouldｂealｌocatedoｒａｐpoｒtioneｄ,sotｈattheyarｅdiｓｔributｅdinｔｈemosｔjｕsｔandeffiｃｉenｔwaｙ”为hoｗ引导的宾语从句，做of的宾语;“sｏthatｔheｙａrｅdistributedinｔhemostｊustａndefｆｉｃienｔｗay”为soｔhaｔ引导的目的状语从句。２.Whａｔisnewiｓｔhat,frｏmｔhｅ1950sｏｎwardｓ,thｅrehaｖeｂeｅncerｔａingｅneralｃｈangesinｏutlooｋabｏutｔhｅｆiniｔｕdeoｆreｓouｒcｅsaｓawholeaｎdofhealth-carｅreｓoｕrcesinparticular,aｓwelｌasmｏｒeｓpeｃiｆicchanｇeｓregardingtｈｅclienteｌeoｆheaｌth-ｃａreresourｃｅsandthecosｔｔothecoｍｍuｎiｔyofthｏｓｅｒesourcｅs.(剑4，teｓt4paｓsage3)分析:本句的主句为“Whａtisnewｉstｈat…”;“that,fromthe１950ｓonwards,theｒehavｅbeencｅrtaingeｎｅｒａlchangesinｏutlooｋaｂoutthefiｎitudeofｒesourｃｅsasaｗｈoｌeandoｆhｅａltｈ-carｅrｅｓｏｕrcesinpaｒticｕｌar,ａsｗｅｌｌａsmoreｓpecifiｃchangｅsregarｄｉｎgtｈecliｅnteleofheaｌtｈ-careresoｕrcｅｓaｎdthｅｃosttotheｃoｍmunityofthoseｒeｓｏuｒｃeｓ.”为ｔhａｔ引导的表语从句；“ｒeｇardingtheclientｅleｏfheaｌth-ｃａreresｏurｃesａｎdtheｃosttotｈｅcｏmｍunｉｔｙofｔhosereｓourcｅs”为现在分词短语做定语。3．Thus,iｎthe１950ｓａnd１９60s,ｔｈerｅemerｇedanawarenessinWeｓtｅrnsoｃietｉeｓｔhａtresouｒｃesfortheprｏvisｉonoffosｓilｆｕeleｎergywｅrefiniteａnｄexｈaustibｌeaｎdthatthｅcapacityoｆnaｔuｒeorthｅenvironｍenttoｓｕｓｔainecｏnｏmiｃｄeｖeｌｏｐmｅntaｎdpｏpulatｉoｎwaｓａlsofinite.(剑4,test4ｐａｓｓaｇe3）分析:本句较长,主句为“tｈｅｒeemeｒgｅdaｎawaｒenessinＷｅsｔerｎsocietieｓ”；“tｈａtresourcesfoｒthｅｐｒovisionofｆｏssｉｌfｕelenergyｗerefiniteandexhaustiblｅ”和“thattｈeｃａpaｃｉtyofnatureｏrtｈｅenviroｎｍentｔosuｓtａineconｏｍicdevelopmｅntaｎdpopulａｔｉonwaｓalsofiｎite”为ａnd连接的并列从句，都是ｔhat引导的同位语从句，做awareｎess的同位语。４.Looｋinｇbacｋ,ｉtnowｓeeｍsquｉｔeincreｄibleｔhａtinthenatｉonaｌhｅaltｈsystemｓtｈａｔｅｍergedinmanycouｎtrieｓintheyearsｉｍｍｅｄiaｔelyａfterthe１9３9-４５WｏrldＷaｒ,iｔｗasassｕｍｅdwitｈｏutquesｔioｎthatallthebasｉchｅａlｔｈneｅdsofanycoｍｍunｉtycoｕldbesaｔiｓfｉed,atleastinｐrinciple；tｈｅ‘inｖｉｓｉbｌehaｎd’ofｅｃｏnomｉcproｇresswｏｕｌdｐrｏvidｅ.（剑4,test4pasｓａｇｅ3）分析:本句为分号连接的两个分句,第一个分句较长，其主句为“ｉtｎowsｅemsquｉtｅincreｄibleｔhat…iｎpｒｉnｃｉple”其中it为形式主语，thａt引导主语从句;“thatｅmｅrｇeｄｉnｍanycouｎtrｉeｓｉnｔheyeａrsimmediateｌyafterthｅ1939-４5WorｌｄWar”为定语从句，作nａtiｏnalhealthｓyｓｔem的定语,关系词为ｔhat；在that引导的主语从句中,“ｔhatallｔｈebaｓichealtｈneｅdsofａnycomｍunitｙcoｕｌｄbｅｓatisｆiｅd,atlｅastinprincｉple”为that引导的主语从句，ｉt做形式主语。第二个分句为简朴句。5.Aｌｔhouｇhthｅlanｇｕageｏf‘rigｈｔs’sometimｅsleadstoｃonfｕsion,bytｈelate19７0sｉtｗasrecognizｅdinｍostsｏcietｉeｓtｈatpeoｐlehaveariｇhttohealth-carｅ(thoughthereｈａsbｅeｎcoｎsｉdｅrablｅｒesiｓtanceｉntｈeUnitedStatestｏtｈeidｅａtｈatｔhereｉｓaformａｌrighttohｅaｌth-care).（剑4，test４paｓsage３)分析：本句的主句为“itｗａsrｅcｏgnizedinmostsocietiestｈaｔpeoplehaveａrighttoｈealth-care”,其中it为形式主语,“thatpeoplehavｅarｉｇhtｔoheａｌth-care”为ｔhat引导的主语从句；“Althoｕｇhｔｈelangｕａgｅof‘righｔs’sometｉｍeslｅaｄstoｃｏnfusｉon”为ａltｈougｈ引导的让步状语;括号部分为附加/补充的信息,为thougｈ引导的让步状语从句,在此从句中，“thatthｅreisaｆorｍａlｒighｔtoheaｌtｈ-ｃaｒe”为thａｔ引导的同位语从句，做iｄeａ的同位语。6.Iｔisaｌｓoａcceｐtedthaｔｔhisrｉｇhｔgｅneratesanobligationoｒdutyforｔheｓtａtetｏｅnsurethａtａdequatehealth－carereｓouｒceｓarｅｐｒoｖiｄedouｔｏftｈepubｌicpurse.(剑4,test4pasｓage3）分析：本句中“ｔｈaｔｔhisrｉgｈtgeneｒatesaｎobligationｏrdutyfortｈｅsｔatｅtoeｎsurethatadeqｕateｈｅalth-cａreｒｅsｏurcesareproviｄedｏutofｔheｐｕblicpurse”为that引导的主语从句，ｉｔ做形式主语;和“tｈatａdeｑuatｅhealth-careresouｒｃesａｒepｒoviｄedouｔoftｈepublicｐｕｒsｅ”为thaｔ引导的宾语从句，做ensure的宾语。7.Justattｈeｔｉmｅwheniｔbeｃameobvioｕsｔhａthealth-caｒeresourｃescｏｕldnotpｏsｓｉblymeetthｅdｅmaｎｄｓｂeingmaｄｅｕponｔhｅm，ｐeopleｗeredemandｉngthattheirfunｄamentalｒｉghｔtohealtｈ-caｒebesaｔisfｉｅｄbytheｓtａｔｅ．（剑４,tｅst4passaｇｅ3)分析：本句主句为“peｏpleweredeｍandingｔhaｔｔheirfundamentalｒighttohealth－cａrｅｂesatisfiedbythestate.”“Jusｔatthetｉmeｗheｎitbｅcamｅobviousthａthｅａlth-ｃareｒesｏurcescｏulｄnotｐossibｌymeetｔhedｅmaｎdsbeingmaｄeupoｎｔｈem”为时间状语，其中“whenitbeｃameoｂvｉouｓthatｈｅａlth-ｃarereｓourｃesｃoｕldｎoｔpossiｂｌymｅetｔheｄｅmａndsbeiｎgｍaｄeupontheｍ”为定语从句，做ｔheｔime的定语,关系词为ｗhen；“tｈatｔheiｒfｕｎｄａmｅｎｔalｒighttｏheaｌth－careｂesatｉsfｉｅdbyｔhｅｓｔate”为thａt引导的宾语从句，做demanｄ的宾语。8.Ｔhesecoｎdsetofmorespecifｉccｈanｇesｔhathaｖｅledtothｅpresｅｎtcoｎcernabouｔthedistribｕｔionoｆhealth－caｒeｒesouｒcesstｅmｓｆｒｏmtｈedｒａｍaｔicriseiｎhｅａltｈcostｓｉｎmostOECDｃountries，ａcｃompanｉedｂylarge－ｓcａledemｏｇrａpｈicandsｏｃiaｌchangeｓwhｉcｈhaｖemeant，tｏｔaｋｅoneexample,tｈaｔeｌdｅrlｙｐeopｌｅarｅnowmaｊｏr(andｒｅｌaｔivelyｖｅryexpenｓivｅ)consuｍersｏfheａlth-carｅｒesｏuｒces．(剑4，test4passaｇe3)分析:本句主句为“TｈｅｓeｃｏndsｅtoｆｍｏresｐeciｆiｃｃhａｎgeｓstemsfroｍthｅｄramaticriｓeｉnheaｌtｈｃostｓiｎmｏstOEＣDcouｎｔrｉes”；“ｔhaｔhaveｌeｄtoｔhepｒesentconcernabｏutthedｉstrｉbｕｔiｏnofheaｌth-cａｒeresources．”为定语从句,做cｈanｇｅs的定语,关系词为thaｔ；“ａccｏmpaｎｉedbｙlargｅ－sｃaｌeｄemoｇraphｉcanｄsociaｌｃhangｅswｈｉｃhhａvｅmeant,toｔaｋeoneexａmｐlｅ,tｈａteldｅrlypeopｌearｅｎｏwｍajor(andreｌatiｖeｌyｖeｒｙexpeｎsｉve)cｏｎsumeｒsofhｅalｔh-caｒeresｏurces.”为过去分词短语做状语，其中“whichhaveｍeａｎt,tｏｔaｋeｏneｅxamｐle,thatｅlderlｙpeoplｅａrenowmajor(aｎdrｅlaｔivｅlyｖeｒｙexｐensivｅ)coｎsｕｍeｒsofhealth-careresources.”为定语从句，做changｅs的定语,关系词为ｗhicｈ，“tｈaｔeｌderlypeopｌｅareｎｏwｍａｊor(aｎdrelativelｙveryexpensive）consumeｒsofｈeaｌｔh-careresｏurces．”为ｔhat引导的宾语从句，做meａｎ的宾语。９．Ｂeginnｉngasｓomethinｇuｎusuａlinａｈanｄfuｌｏｆbｉgcities—NewYorｋ，Ｌｏndｏn,ParisａｎｄＢerlin—thenewmｅｄiumqｕicklｙfｏunditswayａcrｏssthewｏrld，ａtｔrａctinｇlaｒgｅrａndlargeｒaudiｅnceswheｒeverｉtwasshownandreplaciｎgoｔherfｏrｍｓoｆenterｔaｉnmentaｓitdｉｄso.(剑4,GeneｒalTrａiniｎｇTestApａssaｇe3）分析：本句的主句为“tｈeneｗmｅdiumquicklyｆouｎdｉtsｗayａcrossｔhewｏrld”；“Bｅｇｉnninｇasｓomｅthiｎgunuｓｕａlinａhanｄfｕｌoｆｂigcities—ＮeｗYork,Lｏndon，ParisaｎdBeｒlin”现在分词短语做状语；“atｔraｃtinglaｒgerandlａｒｇeｒaudieｎｃｅswｈerevｅritwａｓshownａndｒeplacinｇｏtherfｏｒｍｓｏfentertainmeｎtasitdiｄso”两个并列的分词短语做状语,其中“wｈｅrevｅritwasshowｎ”whereveｒ引导的为地点状语，“asitdidso”为as引导的状语从句。1.Ｔhesemeｔhodｓinclｕdesｔrengthtrainingthaｔdupliｃateｓwhａttheyaｒedoｉnginｔheiｒrunnｉngeventsaswellasｐｌyometrics,aｔeｃhniqｕepiｏneeredｉｎthefｏrmerSovietＵnion．(剑4，tｅsｔ4ｐassagｅ1）分析：本句的主句为“Thesemｅｔhoｄsincｌudestreｎｇｔｈtraining”;“thatduｐｌiｃaｔｅswｈａtthｅyarｅdoiｎgintheiｒｒｕnningｅventｓａswellasplyomeｔｒicｓ”为定语从句，做“sｔrengｔhtｒainｉｎｇ”的定语,关系词为ｔhat;“whａttheｙarｅｄoingｉｎｔｈｅｉrrunnｉngeveｎtsaswellasplyomeｔrｉcｓ”为宾语从句,由whａt引导；“atechｎｉquepioｎeerｅdｉntｈeformeｒSovｉetUniｏn”为plyｏmetriｃs的同位语。2.Abioｍｅcｈaniｃfilmsａｎathletｅinacｔionandthｅｎdｉgｉｔizeｓheｒpeｒforｍａncｅ,rｅcｏrdｉnｇtｈeｍｏtｉoｎofeｖｅｒyjｏintaｎdlｉmbintｈreedｉmensionｓ.(剑4,test4pasｓage1)分析:本句的主句为“Abｉomechanｉｃfilmsaｎａthleteinactioｎａndｔhｅndiｇｉｔizｅsｈeｒpｅｒfoｒmanｃe”；“recordiｎgthemotionofｅveryｊointandlimbinｔｈreedｉｍensiｏns”为现在分词短语做状语。３.Thatuｎｄerstａndｉnｇtｏｏkｔｈelateranalｙsisofbioｍechanicsspｅciａliｓｔs，whopuｔtheirmindstocｏmpreｈｅndingｓｏｍethiｎgtｈａtwasｔｏocoｍplexaｎdunｏｒthodoxeｖertohavebeｅninventｅdthrougｈthｅirownｍathｅmaticalsｉmuｌationｓ.（剑４,ｔesｔ4pａsｓage１)分析：本句较长,主句为“Thatunderstaｎdingtookthelateranaｌysｉsofｂiomｅcｈanｉcsspeciaｌｉsｔs”;“whｏpuｔthｅirmiｎdstｏcomprehendingsｏmeｔhｉnｇ”为定语从句，做bioｍechanｉcsspeｃiaｌists的定语,关系词为ｗｈｏ；“thatwastooｃomplｅｘandunorthodoxevertｏhａｖｅbeeninventedthroｕghｔｈeｉrｏｗｎmatheｍaticａlsｉmuｌatｉons”也是定语从句,做ｓomeｔｈing的定语，关系词为ｔhaｔ。４.Butitisａlsoｔhｅpaｉｎstakｉnｇtaskｏｆiｎｔｅrpreｔａtion，sｏthatweｃoｍetoｕnｄｅrstanｄwhattｈeｓeｔhingｓmeanfortheｈｕmanｓtｏry．(剑4，test4passaｇe2)分析：本句的主句为“Butitisalsothｅpainstａkingtaskofintｅｒprｅtaｔｉｏn”;“soｔhatwecometouｎderstａndwhａtｔhｅseｔhinｇｓmeanforthehｕmansｔｏry”为sothａt引导的结果状语从句；“whatｔhesｅthingsmｅanforthｅhumanstｏrｙ”为whａt引导的宾语从句,做ｕｎderstａnd的宾语。５.Ａnｔhrｏｐolｏgisｔsalｓｏusethetｅｒm‘culｔuｒｅ＇inａmorereｓtrictedseｎｓｅwhenｔheyｒefｅrｔothe‘ｃulｔurｅ'oｆapａｒｔicularｓｏｃiety,ｍeaｎingｔhｅnon-bｉｏlｏgｉcａｌcｈａｒａcｔｅriｓticｓuniqueｔotｈaｔｓocieｔy,whiｃｈdistinguｉshitfromｏthersｏcｉeｔieｓ.(剑4，tｅst4passage2)分析:本句的主句为“Antｈrｏｐologistｓalsｏusｅtｈｅtｅrｍ‘cｕlturｅ'inamorerｅsｔrｉcｔedｓense”，“whenthｅyｒｅfertothｅ‘cｕｌｔurｅ＇ｏfａｐａrticuｌarｓociｅty”为whｅn引导的时间状语从句;“meaｎｉngｔheｎon-biologicalcｈａｒacterisｔicｓuniｑuｅtothａtsoｃｉetｙ”为现在分词短语做定语;“wｈichdistingｕiｓhｉtfｒoｍoｔheｒｓocｉeties”为非限制性定语从句，关系词为wｈich。6.Physiｃalanｔhｒopｏlｏgｙ,oｒbioloｇicａlanthropolｏｇyaｓｉｔiｓalsocａllｅd,ｃoncｅrnstheｓtudyoｆｈumanｂｉolｏｇicalｏrphysiｃaｌcｈarａctｅｒｉsticsandhoｗtheyｅvolｖed．(剑4，teｓｔ4ｐａsｓaｇe2）分析：本句的主句为“Ｐhysiｃａlaｎtｈroｐology,ｏrbiolo