2023年职称英语考试理工类A级真题及答案

2023年职称英语考试理工类A级真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1~1５题,每题1分,共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分拟定１个惫义最为接近的选项。1Wｉtｈiｍmeｎserｅｌiｅf，sｔｏｐpｅdruｎｎｉｎg.Aenormous

Bsｏme

Cliｔtle

Dexｔensiｖｅ2Thescienｔistsbeganｔｏａｃｃumulatedata.Aｈandle

Ｂcoｌlｅct

Canalyze

Dinvestigatｅ3JａcｋeveｎtualｌyｏvertookthelａsttｒｕcｋＡpassed

Ｂｈit

Creached

Dleｄ4Sｏmetiｍesitisadviｓabletoｂoｏkhｏtelsiｎadvａnce.Apoｓｓibｌe

Bpｒofitable

Ｃwise

Ｄｅaｓｙ5TheｒｅasonforｔheiruｎuｓualbeｈａvｉorrｅmainsａpｕzzleAmystery

Bfａcｔ

Cstatemｅnt

Dgame6ThatguyisrｅalｌｙwiｔtyAugｌｙ

Bsｍart

Ｃhｏnｏraｂle

Dpｏｐｕlar７Ｔheworldchaｍpｉｏnｓufｆeredasensationａｌdｅfeat.Ａdｒaｍaｔic

Breａsonable

Ｃhｕmiliaｔinｇ

Dhｏrrｉｆｙiｎg８ItsｅｅmｓｔhatonｌyMaｒyiseligｉblefoｒｔhejｏb.Aprｅpaｒed

Btrained

Ｃｇuｉded

Dqualifieｄ9TｈiｓpoemdepicｔｓtｈｅbeauｔifuｌsceneryofａtownｉntｈeＳｏｕtｈApraisｅs

Bwriｔes

Cｄesｃｒiｂes

Dimitates１0Theｍeaｎiｎgisｓtｉllobscure.Atｒanspａreｎt

Bｖague

Calien

Dsignificaｎt１1Duｍpedwasteｍighｔcontaminateｗaterｓupｐlies．Aｄesｔrｏｙ

Bdecrease

Cpｏlluｔe

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Ｂasｓumes

Cpｒｅdictｓ

Ｄcｏｎｓiders1３Itisveｒｙｄifficuｌｔfoｒachｉldtoaｄｈｅrｅｔorulｅs．Afoｌｌoｗ

Bremembｅr

Cundｅrstand

Dlｅaｒn1４IｈopethatIｄｉdn’ｔdoａｎythｉｎgaｂsｕrdｌasｔｎiｇht.Ａawkward

Ｂsｔrangｅ

Cａｗful

Ｄstupｉd15Tｈerｅｓhoｕlｄｂelａwsthaｔproｈibitsmokingarｏundｃｈildren.Aaｄvoｃaｔe

Bｆorｂid

Ｃinheｒｉｔ

Dwitｈｄraw第2部分：阅读判断(第１６~2２题,每题1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:假如该句提

供的是对的信息,请选择Ａ;假如该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；假如该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。GrｅeｎRooｆResearｃh

Theｃonｃepｔoｆgrｅenroofsiｓｂａsｉcａllyaboｕｔｇｒowingｐlａntｓｏnroofｓ，thusｈelpingtｏrｅｐlacｅｔｈegｒeenfｏotprinｔｔｈａthａdｂeendestｒoyｅdｄuｅtotheconstｒuｃtionｏftheｂuｉlｄiｎｇ．Grｅｅnroofsarｅｔhemoｓtprｅvalent（流行)inＧｅrmany，whichisｗidelyｒｅｇardedasｔheleadeｒiｎgｒeenrｏｏfreｓearch.

Ｔhegrｅenrｏofｓthataｒeusedthｅseｄaysｃanｂeclaｓsifiedas"extenｓive"and“ｉntensive”ｓystｅms.Exteｎsiｖｅgreenroofsｕｓemossｅs,grａsｓesaｎdherbs,whｉchaｒｅtoleranｔtoｄrouｇhtｓ.Ｔheseｐlantsdoｎotneｅdmuchmaiｎtenaｎce,canｂegrowninaｌaｙerofｓｕbｓｔraｔe（土层）thaｔcanbｅasｓhallowas1．5ｉｎcheｓ，anｄｇeneｒalｌyａreiｎａccessｉbletｏtheｐubliｃ.Ｉnｃoｎtｒaｓｔ.ａｗｉｄerangeofspecieｓｏfpｌａntsaregｒoｗnｏniｎｔensivegｒeenroofs，sｕchasshrｕbｓ(灌木)andeveｎtrｅes,whiｃｈｒequｉredｅeperｓｕbｓtｒatｅlａyers,andareusualｌygrownonfｌａｔroｏfs．Ｔheｙneediｎtｅnsｉvemaｉnｔｅnance,anｄareuｓuallyaｒeaｓthatreｓｅmｂｌeｐarkswhｉchaｒｅａcceｓｓｉblｅｔopeople.

Therｅareseverａｌbeneｆitsｏfadoptiｎggreenrooｆtｅchnologiｅs.Ａpartfｒｏmtｈｅobｖｉouspsycｈoｌogicａｌandaestheｔic（暮学的)beneｆitsofｇarｄen—liｋeｅnvｉｒｏnmenｔssurｒoｕndｉｎgyｏｕ，soｍeoｆｔhecｏｍmon‘eｃonｏmiｃandeｃoｌogｉcalｂenｅfitsare：arｅducｔioｎinｔｈecｏnsumptｉonofeneｒｇy；airanｄｗatｅｒpurificatｉon;rｅcoverｉｎggreｅnspａceｓ;anｄｔhemitｉｇation(缓解）ｏfthｅｈeａtｉsｌandｅfｆeｃtｉnurbaｎａｒeas.

Theｇreenroofreｓｅaｒchｔhatiscuｒrｅntｌyｏngoｉｎgisｆocｕsedｏneｖａluatingｔhｅspeciｅsｏfｐlaｎｔsthaｔareｓｕitaｂleｔｏbｅgｒownonroofs，tｈeｍｅthodsofpｒopagation（繁殖）aswｅllaｓestablishmｅnｔ,nuｔrienｔ(养料）andｗａtｅrreqｕiremｅｎｔ,substratｅｓ，anｄｔhequａntｉｔyandqｕalｉtｙofｗaｔｅｒrunoff.Theevaluationcriｔeriａofplantspeciesarｅ：atwhatrａｔetheycanｂeesｔabｌiｓｈeｄ：ｔheiｒcａpａcｉｔytowithstanｄｉｎvasiveｗeedｓ;ｔolｅranceofｃoldandheat；toｌeｒanceofdｒoｕgｈｔconｄitions；capａciｔyofpersistenceandsurviｖaｌ．

Ａnumｂerｏfexperimenｔsareｂeinｇconducteｄｏnroofplaｔformsimulationsatvariｏｕsｒesｅaｒcｈcenterｓ．Thesesitesａreｇｅｎｅrallyｏutｆittedwｉthequiｐｍent,whiｃharｅusｅdtomeasuｒｅteｍpｅｒａｔuresaｔdifｆｅrentdepthsｏftheｇrｏwingsuｂｓtrａtｅs,aｎdtheｒateaｎｄｖｏlｕmeoｆtheｒｕｎofｆofｓｔｏrmwaｔｅrsfromeaｃhoftｈｅplatｆｏｒms．

Gｒｅenrooftechnｏlogｙisrepresentatｉｖｅｏfacompｌetelyneｗmaｒｋetfｏrlandｓcapｅcoｎｔractｏｒs,andａｌlｒoｏfsthaｔcurrentlyｅｘistaｎｄtheｆutuｒeonｅstｏｂｅｃonsｔrucｔeｄarethｅｐotentiaｌmarkｅt—aｍarketthatistooｈugetobeｏvｅrlookeｄ.16．Itiseｓtiｍａtedｔhataｒoｕnｄ10ｐercｅntoｆtｈeflatroｏfsinGeｒｍａnyａrｅgrｅｅnARigｈt

BWrｏng

CNotmentioneｄ17.GｅrmanpeｏplepreｆerexｔｅnsｉvegreｅnｒoofｓｙstｅmｓｔointensiveoｎｅsＡRｉgｈt

BWroｎg

ＣNｏtmeｎtioned18．Smａｌlpｌantsliｋegrassｅsandｈｅrbsareｇrｏｗnwidｅｌyｏnintensｉvegrｅｅｎrｏofs.

AＲｉｇht

BWrong

CNotmentｉoned1９.ＧreｅnroofisanecologicａlｌyｓoｕndstrａtegyｏfｓprｅadinｇｇrｅeninurbａｎareａsARight

ＢWｒｏng

CNｏｔmｅntiｏned２0.OnｅofthebｅnefitsｏfgｒeenroofsｉsｔｈeredｕctioｎｏftｈeheatislaｎdefｆectinciｔieｓＡRiｇhｔ

BWrong

CＮｏtmentioned２1.ＯnefocusinｔｈegrｅeｎｒｏｏfresearcｈiｓｔheeｖaluationｏｆsuiｔaｂｌｅpｌanｔｓｐeｃiesARight

ＢWronｇ

CNotmeｎｔioned２２.Althougｈgｒｅenrooｆｔeｃhnoloｇycanｃreateagaｒden—liｋeenviｒonmeｎｔ,ｉtspotｅntialｍａｒｋeｔiｓratｈｅｒｓmalｌ．AＲight

BWrong

CＮｏtmentioｎｅd第３部分:概括大意与完毕句子(第23～3０题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(１)第2３~26题规定从所给的6个选项中为第２～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(２)第27~３0题规定从所给的６个选项中为每个句子拟定１个最佳选项。TｈeSｕpercompｕｔerＮetwｏrk1

Recｅntlｙ.Tenlabｏratorｉesruｎｂｙgｏvｅrnmentsindiffereｎtparｔsｏｆthｅworldｈavebｅｃoｍeliｎｋed．Theｉｒcompｕteｒｓhavebｅenｃonｎｅctedsｏthｅycaｎ“talｋ”tｏeａcｈｏｔher.Thｉsmaynotseemvｅrydramatiｃｎews,butｉｔｉsthebegiｎnｉnｇofａdeｖeｌoｐmenｔthａｔｗｉｌlinｃrｅaseｔhepoweroｆtｈeInternetｔremeｎｄoｕｓlｙ．2

ＴｈｅInｔernetisanintｅrconnｅcｔed(互联）systemofneｔworksthａｔconｎectscompuｔersrｏundｔheworlｄａnｄｆacilｉｔatesthｅｔransｍisｓｉonａndeｘchａngeoｆinfｏrmaｔiｏn.ＴhｅwaythatyoｕusｅtheIｎterｎｅｔisbyａccesｓiｎgｔhisnetwork．Thisdeｐendｓontｈｅpowertｈaｔyoｕrsyｓtemaｌｌowsyoｕtoｕsｅ．Ｔhepowerofｙouｒｃompｕteriｓreｓpoｎsiｂｌeforｈowｆastyoucanｄownloａd(下载)filｅｓ,ｈoｗmuchdataｙoucanｓtｏrｅ,eｔｃ.Ifyｏuｒcoｍputeｒiｓoldandsｌｏｗ．aｃcessingtheｉnfｏrｍaｔioncａnbｅvｅrydiｆficｕlｔ.3Thｅｎｅwdｅveloｐｍeｎtinｉｎｆormationteｃhnolｏgyhasｂeｅncalled“theｇrid”(网格技术）,andｉtwiｌｌbeａneｔwｏrkｏfcompｕterｓthatarelinkedtｏｇeｔhｅr．Ｔhe“grid”willｗorkinａｄiffeｒentwayfroｍtheInteｒnet,enaｂlingyｏutogｅｔthepoｗerofthｅbｉggeｓtcｏmputerｓiｎtheｗｏrldｏｎyourｃｏｍpuｔer．Accesｓingthｅinｆormａtｉonwillｎｏlongeｒdeｐenｄonthepoweｒoｆyｏｕrcomputeｒ.Theｉdeaiｓthatwｈｉlｅｙouacｃeｓｓinｆoｒmａｔｉon,ｙoｕｗillalsoｈaveaccesｓtoｔｈepoｗｅｒｏｆtｈebiggeｒcomｐuteｒsｔａtionｓ.4Oｎeadｖaｎｔageofｔｈisreｖｏｌｕtｉonaryideaiｓthａｔｇeｏｇraphicallocationwｉｌlbecomｅirrｅlｅvａｎt．Tｈe“gｒid”wilｌｄeｃiｄｅｗhｉｃhareｔhｅbｅstpaｒtｓofaworｌｄｗｉｄenetwｏrｋtodoｔhejoｂyｏuwant.ThismeansthatyｏumaybeaccessingacomｐuterＩnJapａntosolveaproblｅｍinAｌasｋa.5Ｔhe“grｉd”canbｅcomｐaredtｏhａvinganeffiｃiｅntpeｒsｏnalaｓｓｉｓtａnt.Yｏucａｎgiveyourassiｓtaｎtataｓkaｎd“he”wiｌｌdｏｉtｆｏryｏｕ.Tｈeａｓsisｔantwiｌldｏtｈｅｐreliｍiｎａryresｅarch,colｌectthedａｔa,coｍparetｈemanddeｃideonｔheｂestcourseofactｉｏnbｙaccｅssｉｎｇanyofｔhecomputercenｔresｉｎthｅ“grid”tｈａthappentohａvetherelｅvantinｆorｍatioｎ.Ａlｌyｏuｈavｅtｏdｏｉsassignｔhｅtａsｋ，sitbａckanｄwａit.6

Atpreseｎt,poｓsibｌｅaｐｐliｃａtionsofthe“ｇｒid”iｎsciｅntificresearchａｒｅｂeing

eｘplored．WhileithasｔａkenaboutfｉfｔeｅnyearsｆｏｒＩnternetｕsｅtoｂecomewｉdeｓpread，expｅrtsbｅlｉｅｖethatｔhｅ“ｇrｉd”ｃouldbｅupａnｄruｎnｉｎgfｏrpｒivateｉｎdｉｖidｕalsｆaｒmｏrｅquickｌｙ.Ｓcientistswｏｒkingoｎ“gｒid”pｒoｊecｔｓaｒeconvｉncｅdｔhatiｔwｉｌlbｅａsｗiｄｅlｙuｓedasthewebiｎtheneｘtteｎyearｓ.23Pａｒagｒaph２_______＿_24Parａgｒaph3__＿＿_____25Pａｒａgｒapｈ４_____＿___2６Paragｒａph5______＿__

２7Ｔraｄitionallytｈepoweｒofyourcomputｅrdeｔerｍｉneｓhｏwfastyｏucanaccess__________.ﻫ2８Ｔhe“grid’’willenａbleyoｕtogetonyouｒcomputerｔhｅpowｅrof＿____＿＿__iｎthewｏrld．ﻫ29The“grid”ｗｏuｌdbeｌikｅ＿＿＿______＿,ｗｈocａnperfｏrｍyourtaｓｋｓeffｉcientｌｙ.ﻫ3０Itisbｅｌieｖｅｄｔhaｔthｅwideｓpｒeaｄuseofｔhe“grid’’wiｌlbｅcomepossiｂleiｎtheｎeｘt__＿_____．第4部分：阅读理解（第３１-4５题,每题3分，共45分)

下面有３篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容,为每题拟定１个最佳选项。

第一篇CenｔｅrsｏftｈeＧｒｅａtEｕｒopeanCities

TｈecentersofthegreａtcitiesofEuropearemeetinｇplacesbyｔraditionpeoplegaｔｈertheretodｒinkcoｆfeeａndｃhatlａteiｎtotｈｅnight.Ａmixturｅoflocalsandtourｉstｓｍakｅfor’anexｃｉtｉng，metroｐoｌitaｎatmｏsphｅre．

Sｑuareｓ，plazas（广场)andａrｃades(拱廊)ｆormtheheartofEurope’scitｉes

VeniceinIｔａlｙhａstheＰiazzaＳanMarco—aｂeautiｆｕｌｓquareｓurｒoundeｄbysｎ０Ps，churｃheｓ，restaurantｓaｎdcafｅｓ．ＩnＢaｒcelona，Spain,ＬaＢosqｕeriaisaｌｉvelｙmarketｗiｔhhunｄｒedｓofｓtａlｌssｅｌlingallkindsofgoods．Lｏｎｄｏn’sCoｖeｎtGardeｎＩＳfilledwｉthfrｕitandveｇetablｅstalｌsbydayａndmusicians，ａcrobats(杂技演员）aｎdaｒtistsbｙnigｈt.Tｈｅｇｏｖeｒnmentbuildingｓatｔhｅcenｔerofmａｎycｉｔiｅsoftenａrｅarｃhｉtectｕrａllyｉｍpｒｅssive•IｎLondon,theserveaｓabｅａｕtifulｂａckdｒｏp（背景)ｔｏthｅcoffｅetablｅsthａtlｉｎｅtｈesｔreｅtsaｎdthebaｎkｓofｔheＴhames．..

Ｔhｅsｅvibrant（有活力的）ｈeａrｔｓaretｈｅproduｃtofcentｕrｉesｏｆevolutｉｏn,socialhｉｓtoｒiaｎJoｅlGａｒreａutoldUSNewｓanｄＷorldRｅporｔｒecentlｙ．“ＴhｅreasonpeoｐleｔhinｋＶeniceisｓogｒeattｏdａyisyoudｏn’ｔseeａlltheｍisｔakｅs，”ｓaiｄＧarｒeau”lhoｓehａｖeallbeenremovｅd.”MostEuropｅａnｃｉtieswerelａidoutｂeforetheinventioｎoｆｔhecａr,sobars，restaurantsandcaf6ｓｗereneartｏpeopｌeｈomesTodaｙthefocusｏｆｍanyEurｏpeaｎs，ｌiｆehaｓｍｏveｄawayfroｍtｈeceｎtｅrｓ.ＴｈeyｌiveinthesｕbｕrbsａndOutskｉrｔs.drivingtoｓupｅrmarketstoｇettｈeirｓｕｐplieｓ.Ｂutonacontinentwheｒｅｐeopｌeｔｒeaｓurｅconvenｔiｏn，therearesｔｉllthosｅwhoholdonｔotｒaditionalways，lingandｓhoppingｌoｃally.Tｈeｓeｐｅoｐle，togeｔheｒｗiｔhtouｒiｓts,providｅthｅcityceｎtersｗitｈtheｉｒｒeａsonｆoreｘiｓtｅnce.

ＣoffeecultｕrｅplａysapartiｎkeepiｎgtｈｅsecitycentersflourｉｓhingthisｉｓｐartiｃulａrlytrueｏｆＰaｒisｗhｏseciｔizｅnｓａｒｅｆamousｅnthｕsiａsticｃonｖｅrsatioｎａlisｔｓ.thiｓ‘ssｋillisdｅｖelopｅdoｖｅrmanyｈoursspeｎtcｈatｔingｏｖｅrespｒessoｓ(浓咖啡）ａｎdcigarettes．

Religioｎalsoｐlaｙsａｒoleiｎdevelopingsoｃｉaｂleａtmｏsphｅre．PｅｏｐleｉnＲomａｎCaｔhｏlicｃｏuntriｅsｕseｄtovisiｔtheChｕrｃhｏnanalmostdaｉlybasｉｓ.Enｔｉrecommuniｔieｓｗｏuｌdgatherintｈesａmｅｂuildingandｔｈeｎmovｅoutｔoｔhemarkets,cafesandbａｒsIｎｔhesurroundingｓｔreets．AnｅｎｏrmｏusｅｘａmｐｌｅofｔhisｒeｌａtｉｏｎsｈｉpbetwｅeｎchurchaｎdsociｅtyistheDuomo.TheｈugemaｒblecathedrａlinFlorｅnce，Itaｌyｉsｓurｒounｄｅdbybａｋeriesandｃoffeｅｓhｏpｓ,ａndcatersnotonlytothetourｉｓtｃrowds,ｂutａｌsotｈeloｃａlcｏmmunitｙ3１．ItcａｎbeｉnferredｆromｔｈeｆｉrsｔpａｒagｒaｐhthateachbiｇciｔyinEuropｅﻫ

A.hasmanylargesｑｕａｒｅｓ.ﻫ

B.hasmanyvｅrymagnifｉceｎtsky-scｒapｅrs.

C.hasacｅｎtｅrwherｅｔouriｓtsmeettheirsｐｏuseｓ.ﻫ

D．ｄrａwstｏuriｓｔｓｉnlａrgeｎuｍbｅrsevｅrｙｙear．

32.WhiｃhstａtemｅnｔisＮOTtｒueoｆＣovｅntＧarden?ﻫ

A．Iｔiscｒｏｗｄeｄwiｔhpeoplｅ.ﻫ

B．ItisｌocatedinLonｄoｎ．ﻫ

Ｃ.Itiｓｓｕrrouｎｄｅｄbyｓhｏps,churcｈｅｓ,reｓtａｕrantsandcaｆeｓﻫ

D.Itｉｓfｉlledｗithstａlls.

33.WhydopeoplethｉnkｔhatVｅniｃｅｉssｏｇreaｔ?ﻫ

A．Becａuseitisａfamoｕstｏuristattractioｎ.

B.Bｅcauｓｅyoucａnreachａnywherebyboat.ﻫ

C．Beｃａｕseallthｅmistakｅshaｖｅbeeｎremoｖｅd．ﻫ

Ｄ.Becaｕseitｉswell-knownforiｔsmｅrchants.ﻫ３４．WhatａreＰaｒisiaｎsfａmousｆor？

A.Ｔhｅirｅnthｕsiａsｍｆｏrcｏnｖersation.

B.Theｉrｐurｓuitofindepｅｎdｅnce．ﻫ

Ｃ.Theiｒaｂilitytokeeｐthｅcityfｌoｕｒishing.ﻫ

D.Theiｒdevｏｔiontoｄｅvｅlopｉnｇamｕltｉplecuｌture.

3５.ThｅwritercitｅｓtheDuoｍoｉｎｔhｅｌaｓtparagraｐhａｓanexampletoiｌlustrateｔhatﻫ

A.allｃｈｕrｃhesａｒemａgnificenｔ.ﻫ

B.tｈｅreisaｔigｈtｌinkbetweenchurcｈandsoｃiｅty.ﻫ

C.ｏｌdchurchｅsａｒｅverｙｐopｕｌａｒ.

D.hｉgh-risｅcｈurcheｓarｅimprｅssivｅ.第二篇

Real-WorｌdRｏbots

WheｎｙouthｉnkOｆａｒobot，doyouｉｍagineashiny,meｔallicdｅviｃｅｈaviｎgthesaｍegeｎeralshapｅasahumanbeinｇ，peｒforｍｉnｇhｕｍａnｌｉkefｕｎｃtiｏns，aｎdrespoｎdingtoyoｕrquestionsinamonｏｔoｎe(单调的)voiceaccｅntuated(强调)bｙhigh-pｉtchｅdtonesandbeepsThisiｓthewaymaｎｙofUSimａgｉnearｏｂoｔ,bｕtintherealｗoｒldaｒoboｔisnｏthumanｏidatall．inｓtead,aｒｏbｏｔofｔｅnisavｏicelｅss,box－shapeｄmacｈｉnｅthａteｆfiｃiｅntlycarrｉesOutrepetitiveordanｇerousfunctioｎsusｕａｌｌypｅrformｅｄｂyhumａnｓ.Today"sｒoboｔismorｅtｈananautｏmatｉcｍａchiｎeｔhatｐｅrforｍsonetaｓkaｇaｉnandａgaiｎ.Amodeｒnroｂｏｔisｐroｇraｍmeｄwｉtｈvarｙinｇdｅgreesoｆartificiaｌｉntｅlｌigeｎce,ｔhatis,aｒoboｔcontaiｎsａcomｐuterｐrｏgramthattellsithowtopeｒfoｒｍtａｓksassociaｔedwｉthhｕmanｉntelligencｅ,suｃｈasreaｓoniｎg，drawingcoｎcluｓｉoｎｓ,aｎｄlｅaｒninｇfrｏmpasｔ

Arobotｄoesnotｐossessahuｍanshapefoｒtｈesimplｅreasoｎtｈatatwo-ｌｅggedrｏｂｏｔｈasgrｅａｔdiｆficuｌtｙremainingｂalancｅd.Ａｒobｏtdoｅs,ｈｏwever，movｅｆrｏmplacｅtoplａceonwｈeelsandaxlｅｓ（轮轴)thatrolｌandｒotate.Aroboｔevｅｎｈａｓlimbｓthatturnｒoundａndmoｖeiｎcoｍｂinａｔionwithｊoinｔｓａndmoｔｏrｓ．Toｆindｉtsｗaｙｉｎitssurroundingｓ,arｏboｔutilizesｖariousbuｉlt－ｉnｓｅnｓors.Antennａｅaｔtachedｔothｅroboｔ＇sｂaseｄetｅctanyｔhingtｈeyｂumpiｎtｏ.Ifｔheｒobotsｔarｔstoshakeａsitmovesonaｎiｎcliｎｅ,agｙrｏｓcｏpe(陀螺仪)insiｄｅitsensesｔhｅveｒticａldifｆerｅnｔｉａl．TOdetermineItsdｉstaｎcｅfromanobjectandｈｏｗquickｌyitwilｌreachｔheｏbjecｔ，theroｂotbouｎcesbｅamｓoｆlaｓer.lightanduｌtrａsｏnicsｏundwａveｓofｆobsｔructiｏns（障碍物)initsｐａth•Thｅseandotherｓｅnsorsconstaｎtlｙfeedinｆｏrmａtｉonｔoｔhecoｍｐutｅr，wｈiｃhthenanaｌyzesthｅiｎfoｒmationanｄcorｒeｃｔｓoｒadjｕｓtstherｏboｔ’sactioｎs.Assciｅncｅanｄtechnolｏgｙaｄｖancｅ

tｈeｒoｂottoowｉllpｒogreｓsiniｔsfunｃｔionsanｄusｅofartｉfｉciaｌiｎtｅlligenceproｇramｓ,36Thewriterｂeginsｔｈeｐasｓagｅbｙｃomparｉnｇﻫ

A

ａｒｅal-lifｅrobotwiｔhａfictionaｌｒｏｂot.ﻫ

B

ｔｈeｓｈａpeoｆaｈumanｂｅingwitｈabox．

C

aｎimaｇinarｙmachiｎewｉthahumaｎ.ﻫ

D

ａrｏbotwithacｏmpｕｔerｐrogram.

３7Thｅword“humanｏid”inPａｒａgraｐh1meanｓﻫ

Ａ

laｃｋｉnghumａnfeeｌinｇｓ.ﻫ

B

lackiｎｇhumanｃｈarａｃteriｓtｉcs.ﻫ

C

ｈａｖinｇａhｕmanforｍａnｄcharａctｅrisｔics

Ｄ

lａckiｎｇhｕmanintelligｅｎce．

3８Ａccｏｒｄiｎｇｔotheｆiｒstpａrａgraph，artificiａlintｅlligeｎcｅiｓ

Ａ

theuｎnaturaｌwａｙiｎｗhicｈrobｏtｓmｏｖe．

B

ａvoｉceless，box—shapedmachinetｈatperｆoｒmsrepｅtitivｅｔasksﻫ

C

acomputeｒpｒogrａｍthatｉｍitateshumaninｔellecｔualｐrocesseｓ

D

asenｓｏrthatdｅtectsｔroubleｓinaroboｔ．

39Thelａstparaｇraphｓuｇgestｓｔｈatｆuturｅroｂoｔswillﻫ

Ａ

sｕrpasｓhumａnbeｉｎｇｓiｎiｎtelliｇencｅ．

B

ｂemorehumanlikｅiｎbehａviｏrａndaｃtioｎ.ﻫ

C

usealasｅrtoｔranｓmitinfoｒmａtiｏn.ﻫ

D

willｐeｒformveryｃomplicａtedhousehoｌdjobs．

40Anoｔhｅrgooｄtitlefｏrthispassageｗoulｄbｅﻫ

Ａ

Roｂoｔs:TａｋinｇｔhePlaceofHumans．

B

ArｔiｆicialInｔelligencePrograms.

C

Moｄeｒn—ＤaySensｏｒｓ．ﻫ

D

Todaｙ’SRｏｂotsａndHｏwＴhｅyFunｃtion第三篇

WhｙHuｍansWａlkoｎTwoLeｇsﻫ

Aｔeamofscｉentiｓtsthａtｓｔuｄｉedchimpanzeｅs(黑猩猩)tｒａiｎｅdtoｕｓetreａdmills（跑步机)hasgａｔheredneｗevidｅncesugｇｅｓtingthａtoｕreaｒlｉeｓtapelikeancesｔorsstartedwａlｋｉnｇontｗoｌegｓbecａuseiｔrequireｄlessｅnergytｈangｅttingａrｏｕndoｎａlｌfours.

Michaeｌsockｏl,researcｈｅrｏfＵＣDavis，workedfｏrtｗoyeaｒstｏｆindananimaｌtrainerｗillinｇtoｃoａｘ(劝诱)adultchimｐsｔowalkontwolegsaｎdｔowalｋonallfoｕrs.

Theｆivｅchiｍpｓａlsｏwoｒefacｅmaskｓusedtｏｈeｌpthereseａｒcherｓmeａsureoxｙgencｏnsumｐtioｎ.Wｈｉlｅtheｃｈｉmpswｏrkedout,thescｉenｔｉstsｃｏｌlectｅddataｔhatallowｅdｔheｍｔoｃａｌculatewhｉchmethodｏfloｃｏmotｉｏn(移动）usedleｓsenergyandwhy．Theteamgatherｅdthesaｍeiｎforｍaｔioｎforfourａdulthｕmaｎswaｌkingonａtｒｅａｄmill.

Ｔhereseaｒchersfoundthathｕｍａnwaｌkinｇｕｓedaｂｏut７５pｅrcenｔlesseｎｅｒgyａndburｎed75ｐｅrcｅntfｅwerｃalorｉesｔhａnquadrupｅdalandｂipeｄalｗalkingｉｎｃhimpａnzees．Theｙalsofｏｕndｔhatforsomebuｔnoｔalｌoftｈｅchiｍps,walkｉnｇontwolegsｗasnｏmoｒecostlytｈaｎoｎａllfours．

"Wewｅrｅpreｐaredｔofindthａtaｌloｆｔhｅｃｈimｐsusedｍoreenerｇywａlkingontwｏｌegs－bｕtｔhatfindiｎg

wｏulｄn'thａvｅｂｅenａｓinｔｅresｔiｎｇ,Sockolsaｉd.＂ｗhａtwefoｕnｄwasmｕｃhmｏreｔeｌｌing.Fｏｒthrｅechimpｓ，ｂiｐedalisｍｗasmｏｒeｅxpensive,bｕtfｏｒｔhｅotｈerｔwoｃhimpｓ,thｉｓwasn＇ttheｃase.ＯnespentaboｕｔthｅｓａmｅenｅrｇywalkingｏｎtwolｅgsasｏｎallfoｕrｓTheothｅｒusedleｓsenergywａｌｋｉｎｇupriｇhｔ。"Thesetｗｏｃhimｐsｈadｄiffeｒeｎｔgａiｔs（步法）andanatoｍｙ(解剖）than＇theiｒquadrｕｐeｄaｌpeers．

Takentｏgeｔher，ｔｈefiｎdingｓprｏvｉdｅｓｕpporｔｆortheｈyｐothesistｈaｔanａｔomicaｌ(解剖学的)differeｎｃesaffectinｇgaｉtexiｓteｄａｍonｇoureａrliestaｐｅlikeancestors,ａnｄthatｔhesedifferenｃespｒovｉdｅdthegｅneticvarｉatioｎｗhｉchｎaｔuraｌsｅleｃtiｏncｏuｌdacｔonwhenchangｅｓｉnｔｈeenｖiroｎｍentｇａvebipeｄｓanadvantagｅoｖerｑuaｄrupeds．

Fｏssilandmｏleｃｕlaｒevidencesｕggeｓtｓtheearliestancestorsoｆtheｈuｍａnfamily

lｉvedinforｅｓｔedａreasiｎequatoriaｌAfricainthelateMioｃｅneera(中世纪）some8to10

miｌliｏnyeａrsaｇo，wｈenchangesinclｉｍatｅmayhaveｉncrｅａsｅｄtheｄistanceｂetｗｅenfｏｏdpatｃhｅｓ～Thatwouldhaveforcedouｒｅaｒlｉｅstancestｏｒstoｔｒａvｅllongerdistancesonｔhegroｕndaｎdfaｖｏrｅｄthoｓｅwhocouldcoverｍoｒegrounｄuｓingｌeｓsｅnｅrｇy.

＂Tｈisisn'ｔthecomｐｌetｅanswｅｒ,"Soｃkolsaid."Bｕtit＇sagoodｐieｃeｏfaｐuzzｌe

huｍanshavealwａyswoｎderedabout:Hoｗandwhydiｄwebｅcoｍeｈumａn?Aｎdwhydowealoｎeｗaｌkｏｎtwolｅgｓ?"4１.MichaeｌSｏckolandhｉｓｔeamwereｉnteｒｅstedｉn

Ａ.wherehｕmanscamｅfｒom.

Ｂ.hｏｗｃhiｍｐaｎzeescouｌdbeｔraineｄtousetreadmｉlls．

Ｃ.whenｏｕrearliｅsｔａncestorｓｂｅgantolivｅinforestedａreasﻫ

D．whyourapelikeanceｓtoｒscａmetｏwalｋｏntｗolｅｇs．

４2.Ｔheｐｈrａｓe"wｏrｋｅｄｏut'inｐaragrａｐｈ3couldbeｒｅpｌacedby

A.caｌcuｌatｅd.

B．exｅｒciseｄ.

Ｃ.undersｔoｏd.

D.plaｎnｅｄ.

43.Ｗhaｔdidthereｓeａrcheｒsfindinｔheｅxperimeｎt?ﻫ

A．Oｎechｉmpuｓｅｄabouttｈｅsamｅenergｙｉnwalkingoｎtｗolegsasonalｌfoursﻫ

B.Humanwａlｋingusｅdmｏrｅeｎeｒgythanbipedａlwaｌkinｇinchiｍｐｓ．ﻫ

C.Tｗoｃｈimpsｕsedｍｏrｅｅｎergywａｌkｉngonｔｗolegs．ﻫ

D.Tｈｒｅeｃｈimpｓｕｓｅdｌeｓsenergｙwａlkinｇoｎtwolegs.ﻫ44.Tｈｅworｄ"quadrｕpeds＂inpａrａgraｐｈ6ｉｓatｅcｈnｉcalwoｒdfｏr

A.creａtureｓwｉthｆourfｅｅｔ．

B.ｃreatureswithtｗofeeｔ．

Ｃ．cｒeaｔｕreswiｔhsixｆeeｔ.

D．creaｔｕreｓwｉｔheightfeeｔ.

45．Whatdoesｆossｉｌaｎdmolecｕｌareｖidencｅｔellusabｏutouｒeａrliestanｃestors？

Ａ.Ｔheｙeｘperiｅncｅdｍｏreclｉmａtechaｎgesthaｎwedoｔｏday.ﻫ

B.Theyweｒefｏrcｅdｔｏtraveｌbeｔｗｅenfoｏdpaｔchｅs.ﻫ

C.Ｔheｙcｏuｌdｃoverｍｏregrouｎdｗｉthleｓｓenｅrgy.

D.Tｈｅywｅｒeｍuchtaｌleｒｔhanmｏdeｒnmaｎ．第5部分：补全短文(第４6~50题,每题２分,共１0分)

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中５个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。Ｗhａt,SLackｉｎgｉn“Sicｋo”?

ｗheｎ.tcomｅstoｅconoｍicdeｃｉｓions，therearｅａｌｗａyｓｔraｄe．ofｆs(取舍)•Gain0nｅthingａｎdｙoulosesｏmｅthiｎgelsｅ.__＿＿___＿＿(4６)

ＴheceｎtraｌargｕmｅntoｆMichaelMooｒe’smovie“Sicko”一tｈaｔthecuret0ｔｈenatｉｏn,shealtｈcａｒeproblｅmsｉsａsinｇlｅ—payｅrsystem—ｉsｈａrdlynoｖelａndIscｅrｔainlyworｔhconｓideration，wｈetheroｒnotｙouagrｅewiｔhit.BｕtinｃoｍparingｔheＡmericanｓysｔemwithsingｌｅ-pａｙerplaｎsｏfotｈeｒｃountｒiｅs—Ｂritain,Franｃｅ,CａｎadaａｎdCubaMr．MoｏｒeleftＯutthｅtraｄe-ｏｆfs，ｃｈaｒacteｒiｚiｎgtｈoseｃｏuntriｅsashｅalthcareｐaraｄisｅｓ.

____＿____＿_(4７)

KuｒｔＬoder，theｆilmcriｔicwhｏｉｓbesｔｋnownasthｅancｈor(主持人)ｏｆ“MTＶNewｓ，”wrｏlｅacritique(批评)oｆthefｉｌｍfｏrMTV’swｅbｓitｅ．"Sicｋo,"ｈｅｓaｉd,"doesareａlservｉｃe”iｎｐortraｙiｎg（描绘)vicｔｉmsoｆＡmｅricaｎinｓｕrａncecｏmpａnies’-ｌｉkｅｔｈepｅople,whodｉedbｅcauｓeｔheｉronlｙtｒeａtmentoptionsｗerｅｃonsｉdered“ｅxperｉｍｅntal"ａnｄthereｆorenｏｔcｏveｒed._＿_____(４8)

Ｗheｎ"governｍentsａttemｐｔtoｒegｕlatｅthebａlaｎcｅｂetweenａliｍitedｓupｐlyofhealｔhｃａｒｅａnｄaｎunlimiteddemanｄｆoｒit，ｔｈｅy’reinevitablｙｆorceｄtorａtiｏnｔｒｅatmeｎt’

Mr.Lodeｒａssｅrted.＿＿＿_＿___(４９)Mr．Lｏderｃiｔeｄtheshｏｒtfilm“ＤｅadＭｅat,”whicｈpresentsanｅｃdoｔes(轶事)offailureＩntheCａｎａdiansinｇle-ｐayersｙstemｉnitsｏne—sｉｄedｎｅss,“ＤｅadMeat'，mighthavｅｍadefｏrａnｉｃｅdoubｌｅfeａturewitｈ"Siｃｋo，"aｎdleftｍｏviｅ－ｇoersｗithamorecompleteｕnｄerｓtandinｇOｆtｈecomｐlicaｔｉoｎsｏfdecidｉngｏnahealthcaresyｓtem_________＿__＿(５0)

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blogｇer.(博各作者）.Ａ

Thｉsispａrｔicｕｌaｒlytrueｉnｈeaｌtｈｃａre，amａrkeｔｉnwhiｃhscarce（稀罕的)gooｄsarerｉdiculｏｕｓｌyexpensive,bｕtneededbyeｖｅrybｏｄyB

Ｍr.Moｏrealsodecidedtｏigｎｏreｐrｏｂｌｅｍsｉｎothercoｕntries，lｉkeFrance’ＳhightaxesａndＢｒｉtaｉn’Sｃaｓh—sｈortｈoｓpitaｌsC

Butthefiｌmasawhole,hｅcoｎcｌuｄｅd,iｓ“breａthtａkｉnglymerｅtrｉｃious（似是而非的),”inｌａrｇepａrtbecａuｓeｏfitschａraｃｔｅrizatioｎｓofotｈercouｎtｒieｓ’healthcarｅsysｔems.ＤTｈｅｐroblemshａｖebeennoticｅd—andcriticismiscomingnotjustfｒomMｒ.Mｏｏre’Ｓdeｔracｔors（诋毁者）．Ｅ

HetickｅdoffanumbｅrofnｅgatｉvesｔatisｔｉcstｏcountertｈeｐｏsitｉｖｅoneｓoｆｆeredbyMr.ＭoｏreF

Heaｌthｃareisthｅpreveｎtiｏn，tｒeaｔment，ａndmanａｇementofｉllness第6部分:完型填空(第５１~65题,每题1分,共１5分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白拟定1个最佳选项。DebateoveｒtｈeUseofRenewableEneｒｇy

ＡmusaｂlｅoｆＲockｅfelleｒUnｉversityｉnNewYorｋ,USsaysthｅｋeyrenewable(可再生的)energyｓｏuｒｃｅs,ｉnｃｌｕdiｎgsun，ｗindandbibfuls,wouｌdallrequiｒevａstamouｎtｓｏfland．fdeｖelopeduptｏlａrｇescaleproducｔion—unlikenucｌｅａrpowｅr．Thaｔlanｄwoulｄbｅfarbetter_＿_＿＿_＿_(５1)alone，hesaｙs.Renewableloｏk_______（52）whenｔhｅyarequiteｓｍalｌ.Ｂｕｔifwestartprodｕcｉｎgrenewablｅｅｎergyoｎalａrgｅ_______＿(53)，tｈｅfaｌloｕt(结果)isgｏiｎgtobehorriblｅ.Amusablｅdｒawshiscｏnclｕｓionsbyaｎalyzinｇｔｈeamｏuntofｅnｅｒｇｙthａtrｅnewableｎaｔｕrａlgasandnuｃlｅi(原子核)caｎ_____＿__(５４）ｉnｔermsofpoweｒperｓqｕarｅｍetｅrｏfｌanｄuｓed.Moreover,heclaｉmsthａt___＿＿__＿_（55)renｅwabｌeenerｇyｕｓeiｎcreasesthｉｓmeａsureoｆeffic