2021高考英语一轮统考复习第一编Book7Unit21HumanBiology课时作业含解析北师大版

PAGE9-Unit21HumanBiology课时作业Ⅰ.完形填空(2020·内蒙古自治区奋斗中学高三月考)Whenfacedwithdifficultsituationsintheirlives,manypeoplefindthemtoo__1__andgiveup,especiallyontheirlifedreams.ButnotforGabrielHeredia.Gabrielisa20yearoldArgentinianbarberwhowasbornwithouthands.__2__hisphysicaldisability,hewasabletogrowuphappyand__3__.Healsoalwayshadthesupportoffriendsandfamily,neverfeeling__4__treatedatallbyhisschoolmates.Attheageof14,he__5__workingasabarber,andlearnedallthetechniquestoperfecthaircuts.Althoughhefirstsawitasahobby,Gabrielquickly__6__thatthiswastheprofessionhewantedtoworkin.Hisfamily__7__himtoopenhisfirstbarbershop,whichheworkedatforoneandahalfyears.There,he__8__thepresidentofArgentinaCorta,anorganizationforbarberstoconnect,docharityworkinlessfortunate__9__，andteachhairdressingtothosewhoare__10__.GabrielisnowpartofArgentinaCorta,offeringhisservicestopeopleofall__11__sotheycanbuildupthe__12__theyneedtogetdecentjobs.Asabrightandcaringyoungman,Gabriel__13__notonlytobeabarber,butalsotomakea__14__withtheneighborhood：“ThethingthatIlikemostofmy__15__isthatpeoplefeelcomfortableandstylishwithmycutsandthatmakesme__16__.”Nowadays,GabrielrunshisownbarbershopinBuenosAires,wherepeople__17__aroundtheblockforhisservices.Gabriel's__18__showsthatthebarrierswefaceinlifearenever__19__todealwithsuccessfully.Whateverproblemyouface,youcan__20__tackleitbyadoptingtherightmindset,andnevergivingup.篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了Gabriel天生就没有双手，但他经过努力成为一名理发师，并投入到慈善工作中。1.A.dangerous B．cruelC.large D．challenging答案：Ddangerous“危险的”；cruel“残忍的”；large“大的”；challenging“有挑战性的”。根据句意可知，当面对生活中的困难时，很多人认为它太具挑战性就放弃了，故D项正确。2.A.Except B．BesidesC.Despite D．Through答案：C下文提到他快乐地长大，由此可知他并没有受到身体缺陷的影响，despite“尽管”符合语境，故C项正确。3.A.independent B．honestC.wealthy D．careful答案：A根据下文提到他未被区别对待以及他能独立工作可知，他独立性很强，故A项正确。4.A.equally B．fairlyC.differently D．kindly答案：Cequally“平等地”；fairly“公平地”；differently“不同地”；kindly“友好地”。根据上文可知，他很乐观，所以有了朋友和家人的支持，他从来没感到自己被同学们区别对待，此处表示“不同地”，故C项正确。5.A.started B．continuedC.stopped D．imagined答案：A根据语境可知，14岁时，他开始当理发师，故A项正确。6.A.promised B．hopedC.determined D．predicted答案：Cpromise“承诺”；hope“希望”；determine“决定”；predict“预言”。他很快就决定这是他想要从事的职业，表示“决定”，故C项正确。7.A.advised B．forcedC.inspired D．helped答案：D上文提到他总是有家人和朋友的支持，所以在他决定做理发师的时候，他的家人就帮助他开了第一家理发店，故D项正确。8.A.introduced B．metC.found D．influenced答案：B根据空前“There”可知，在理发店，他遇到了ArgentinaCorta的主席，指“遇到”，故B项正确。9.A.neighborhoods B．clubsC.schools D．organizations答案：AArgentinaCorta是一个帮助理发师建立联系的组织，他们在社区做慈善工作。下文“withtheneighborhood”给了提示，故A项正确。10.A.lucky B．puzzledC.interested D．intelligent答案：Clucky“幸运的”；puzzled“困惑的”；interested“感兴趣的”；intelligent“聪明的”。他们还教那些对理发感兴趣的人理发技能，故C项正确。11.A.levels B．abilitiesC.types D．ages答案：DGabriel现在是ArgentinaCorta的一员，为各个年龄段的人服务，指“各年龄的人们”，故D项正确。12.A.images B．trustC.skills D．respect答案：Cimage“影像”；trust“信任”；skill“技能”；respect“尊敬”。根据上文可知，这个组织教一些理发技能，这样，他们就能通过学到的技能获得体面的工作，指“工作技能”，故C项正确。13.A.fails B．strugglesC.happens D．refuses答案：B结合语境可知，他不仅努力(struggle)做一名理发师，而且还与社区建立联系，故B项正确。14.A.connection B．conversationC.debate D．bargain答案：Aconnection“联系，连接”；conversation“谈话”；debate“辩论”；bargain“交易”。他还与社区建立联系，故A项正确。15.A.future B．shopC.dream D．job答案：D根据语境可知，他在谈论他的工作。句意：对我的工作，我最喜欢的一点是人们觉得我设计的发型既舒适又时尚。故D项正确。16.A.special B．generousC.confident D．happy答案：D根据语境，他作为理发师主要让人们舒适，让自己快乐，故D项正确。17.A.turnup B．lineupC.endup D．packup答案：Bturnup“调高”；lineup“排队”；endup“结束”；packup“整理”。人们在Gabriel的理发店排队等着他理发，故B项正确。18.A.story B．lessonC.decision D．choice答案：A根据整篇文章可知，本文在叙述Gabriel的故事，故A项正确。19.A.hard B．impossibleC.likely D．useless答案：Bhard“艰难的”；impossible“不可能的”；likely“可能的”；useless“无用的”。生活中没有什么困难是不能解决的，故B项正确。20.A.almost B．usuallyC.hardly D．never答案：B无论面对什么问题，你通常(usually)可以通过采取正确的心态，永不放弃来解决它，故B项正确。Ⅱ.阅读理解A(2019·北大附中高考英语模拟试卷(3月份))You'veheardofthefatsuitandthepregnancysuit；nowmeetAGNES—theoldpersonsuit.AGNESstandsfor“AgeGainNowEmpathy(换位体验)System”andwasdesignedbyresearchersatMIT'sAgeLabtoletyouknowwhatitfeelslike—physically—tobe75yearsold.“Thebusinessofoldagedemandsnewtools，”saidJosephCoughlin,directoroftheAgeLab.“Whilefocusgroupsandobservationsandsurveyscanhelpyouunderstandwhattheolderconsumerneedsandwants,youngmarketersnevergetthat‘Ahha！’momentofhavingdifficultyopeningajar,orgettinginandoutofacar.That'swhatAGNESprovides.”Coughlinandhisteamcarefullyadjustedthesuittomakethewearerjustasuncomfortableasanoldpersonwhohasspentalifetimeeatingpoorlyandnotdoingmuchexercise.Specialshoesprovideafeelingofimbalance,whilebracesonthekneesandelbowslimitjointmobility.Glovesgivethefeelingofdecreasedstrengthandmobilityinthehandsandwrists,andearplugsmakeitdifficulttohearhighpitchedsoundsandsofttones.Ahelmetwithstraps(带)attachedtoitpressesthespine(脊柱),andmorestrapsattachedtotheshoesdecreasehamstringflexibility,andshortensthewearer'sstep.AGNEShasbeenusedmostrecentlybyagroupofstudentsworkingonadesignofan_updated_walker.Bywearingthesuittheycouldseeforthemselveswhatdesignandmaterialswouldmakethemostsenseforaphysicallylimitedolderperson.Coughlinsaidthesuithasalsobeenusedbyclothingcompanies,carcompaniesandretailgoodscompaniestohelpthemunderstandthelimitationsofanolderconsumer.“AGNESisnotthedestinyofeverybody，”hesaid.“Sheisabadlybehavedladywhodidn'teatandexerciseverywell.Asecondarybenefitwe'vefoundwithAGNESisthatithasbecomeapowerfultooltogetyoungerpeopletoinvestintheirlongtermhealth.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AGNES这套服装可以让人感受年老以后的身体不适，从而更好地理解老年人，开发适合老年人身体状况的产品，还能促使年轻人保持身体健康。1.AGNEShasbeendevelopedto________.A.maketheusersmorecomfortableB.letusunderstandoldpeoplebetterC.helpoldpeoplemovemorequicklyD.producenewtoolsfortheoldagebusiness答案：B细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“letyouknowwhatitfeelslike—physically—tobe75yearsold”可知，AGNES的功能是让人们提前感受人老了以后的实际身体状况，即能更好地理解老年人。故选B。2.Accordingtothearticle,youngmarketersnever________.A.feelthesamewayasoldpeopledoB.seetheeffortsoldpeoplemakeC.askwhatoldpeopleneedandwantD.say“Ahha！”whentheymeetwithdifficulty答案：A推理判断题。根据第二段中的“youngmarketersnevergetthat‘Ahha！’momentofhavingdifficultyopeningajar,orgettinginandoutofacar”可知，年轻的销售人员在生活中从未感受到老年人的难处。故选A。3.The3rdparagraphmainlytellsabout________.A.howtheAGNESwearerfeelsB.howAGNEShasbeendevelopedC.howoldpeopleactD.howAGNESworks答案：D段落大意题。第三段主要介绍AGNES这套服装是如何让人在具体部位有不舒服的感觉，感受老了以后的身体不适。故选D。4.“anupdatedwalker”(underlined)mostlikelyrefersto________.A.someonewhotravelsalotB.aphysicallylimitedoldpersonC.someequipmentthathelpsoldpeoplewalkD.acompanywhoseserviceinvolvesoldpeople答案：C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句“Bywearingthesuittheycouldseeforthemselveswhatdesignandmaterialswouldmakethemostsenseforaphysicallylimitedolderperson.”可以看出，这些学生在研究一款新的walker，通过试穿AGNES，他们能够切身感受老年人的身体情况，从而能够确定什么样的设计和材料才最为合适，可知画线部分是指为老年人开发的一种产品。故选C。5.Whichmaybeafactresultingfromthe“secondarybenefit”ofAGNES？A.Youngpeoplerespectoldpeople.B.Oldagebusinessimprovestheirservice.C.Oldpeopleeatandexercisewell.D.Youngpeopleeatandexercisewell.答案：D细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Asecondarybenefitwe'vefoundwithAGNESisthatithasbecomeapowerfultooltogetyoungerpeopletoinvestintheirlong－termhealth.”可知，AGNES还能促使年轻人注意保持身体健康。故选D。B(2019·湖北名校冲刺二模)Highlevelsofchocolateconsumptionmightbeassociatedwithaonethirdreductionintheriskofdevelopingheartdisease,suggestsastudypublishedonlineintheBritishMedicalJournal.Thefindingsconfirmresultsofexistingstudiesthatgenerallyagreeonapotentialbeneficiallinkbetweenchocolateconsumptionandhearthealth.However,theauthorsstressthatfurtherstudiesareneededtotestwhetherchocolateactuallycausesthisreductionorifitcanbeexplainedbysomeotherunmeasuredfactor.TheWorldHealthOrganizationpredictsthatby2030,nearly23.6millionpeoplewilldiefromheartdisease.However,lifestyleanddietarekeyfactorsinpreventingheartdisease,saysthepaper.Anumberofrecentstudieshaveshownthateatingchocolatehasapositiveinfluenceonhumanhealth,whichincludesreducingbloodpressureandimprovinginsulinsensitivity.However,theevidenceabouthoweatingchocolateaffectsyourheartstillremainsunclear.So,DrOscarFrancoandcolleaguesfromtheUniversityofCambridgecarriedoutalargescalereviewoftheexistingevidencetoevaluatetheeffectsofeatingchocolateoncardiovascular(心血管)eventslikeheartattackandstroke.Theyanalyzedtheresultsofsevenstudies,involvingover100,000participantswithandwithoutexistingheartdisease.Foreachstudy,theycomparedthegroupwiththehighestchocolateconsumptionagainstthegroupwiththelowestconsumption.Fivestudiesreportedabeneficiallinkbetweenhigherlevelsofchocolateconsumptionandtheriskofcardiovascularevents.Theyfoundthatthe“highestlevelsofchocolateconsumptionwereassociatedwitha37%reductionincardiovasculardiseaseanda29%reductioninstrokecomparedwithlowestlevels.”Nosignificantreductionwasfoundinrelationtoheartfailure.Theauthorssaythefindingsneedtobeinterpretedwithcaution,inparticularbecausecommerciallyavailablechocolateisverycalorific(around500caloriesforevery100grams)andeatingtoomuchofitcouldleadtoweightgain,riskofdiabetesandheartdisease.However,theyconcludethatgiventhehealthbenefitsofeatingchocolate,initiativestoreducethecurrentfatandsugarcontentinmostchocolateproductsshouldbeexplored.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一些研究表明吃巧克力有利于心脏的健康，但是吃巧克力对我们的心脏有着怎样的影响仍然不能够确定，还需要进一步的研究来证明。6.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage？A.Thereusedtobestudiesaboutthebeneficiallinkbetweenchocolateconsumptionandhearthealth.B.Millionsofpeoplewilldiefromheartdiseaseby2030accordingtotheWHO.C.Therearestillotherfactorsthatmayreducetheriskofheartdisease.D.Thereisclearevidenceabouthoweatingchocolateaffectsyourheart.答案：D细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“However,theevidenceabouthoweatingchocolateaffectsyourheartstillremainsunclear.”可知，关于吃巧克力如何影响你的心脏的证据仍不清楚，故选D。7.Whatarethepossiblecausesofheartdisease？A.Unhealthydiet. B．Eatingchocolate.C.Exercisingregularly. D．Drinkingcoffee.答案：A细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“However,lifestyleanddietarekeyfactorsinpreventingheartdisease,saysthepaper.”可知，生活方式和饮食是预防心脏病的关键因素，即不健康的饮食是导致心脏疾病的一个原因，故选A。8.What'stheauthors'attitudetowardsthefindings？A.Doubtful. B．Cautious.C.Disapproving. D．Negative.答案：B推理判断题。文章讲述了一些研究表明吃巧克力有利于心脏的健康，但是吃巧克力对我们的心脏有着怎样的影响仍然不能够确定，还需要进一步的研究来证明。可知作者对于巧克力的作用的态度是谨慎的，故选B。9.Iftheauthorwillgoonwriting,whatislikelytobetalkedabout？A.Weshouldeatlesschocolate.B.Chocolatebenefitsourhealth.C.Thewaystoreducethesugarandfatcontentinchocolateproducts.D.Whentoeatchocolateisbetterforourhealth.答案：C推理判断题。最后一段讲到他们得出的结论是，考虑到吃巧克力对健康的益处，应该探索减少目前大多数巧克力产品中脂肪和糖的含量的举措。由此可推知如果继续写下一段应该叙述减少巧克力产品中糖和脂肪含量的方法，故选C。Ⅲ.短文改错(2019·广东省高三“六校联盟”第一次联考)WhenIwasyoung,IwasterriblypoorintheChinese.BeafraidofexpressingmyselfwasoneofthereasonswhyIrarelydidwellinschool.OnceIfailedinamidtermexam.WhenIgotthepapers,IrealizedthingscouldhavebeenbetterifIlistenedtotheteachermuchmoreattentive.SoIturnedtomyteacherforhelpsandhetoldme,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.IfwearedevotedtolearnChinese,you'llmakeit.”Icouldn'tagreemuch.Fromthenon,Ibegantoworkharder.Outofmyexpect,Imadegreatprogresssoon.Today,Chineseiswhichmystrengthlies.AndI'mgratefulformyChineseteacher.答案：WhenIwasyoung,Iwasterriblypoorineq\o(eq\o(the,＼),\s\do10(①))Chinese.eq\o(Be,\s\do10(②Being))afraidofexpressingmyselfwasoneofthereasonswhyIrarelydidwellinschool.OnceIfailedinamidtermexam.WhenIgotthepapers,IrealizedthingscouldhavebeenbetterifIeq\o(∧,\s\do10(③had))