参考文献英文范文

参考文献英文范文参考文献是在学术研究过程中，对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴。下面是给大家整理的参考文献英文范文，供大家参阅!参考文献英文范文：英文参考文献标准格式一、参考文献的类型参考文献（即引文出处）的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下：--专著,著作[C]--论文集（一般指会议发表的论文续集，及一些专题论文集，如《***大学研究生学术论文集》[N]--报纸文章[J]--期刊文章：发表在期刊上的论文，尽管有时我们看到的是从网上下载的（如知网），但它也是发表在期刊上的，你看到的电子期刊仅是其电子版[D]--学位论文：不区分硕士还是博士论文--报告：一般在标题中会有"关于****的报告"字样[S]--标准[P]--专利[A]--文章：很少用，主要是不属于以上类型的文章[Z]--对于不属于上述的文献类型，可用字母"Z"标识，但这种情况非常少见常用的电子文献及载体类型标识：[DB/OL]--联机网上数据(databaseonline)[DB/MT]--磁带数据库(databaseonmagnetictape)[M/CD]--光盘图书(monographonCDROM)[CP/DK]--磁盘软件(computerprogramondisk)[J/OL]--网上期刊(serialonline)[EB/OL]--网上电子公告(electronicbulletinboardonline)很显然，标识的就是该资源的英文缩写，/前面表示类型，/后面表示资源的载体，如OL表示在线资源二、参考文献的格式及举例期刊类【格式】[序号]作者•篇名[J]•刊名，出版年份，卷号(期号)起止页码.【举例】周融，任志国，杨尚雷，厉星星对新形势下毕业设计管理工作的思考与实践[J].电气电子教学学报，2003(6):107-109.夏鲁惠•高等学校毕业设计(论文)教学情况调硏报告[J]•高等理科教育,2004(1):46-52.Heider,E.R.&D.C.Oliver.Thestructureofcolorspaceinnamingandmemoryoftwolanguages[J].ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearch,1999,(3):6267.专著类【格式】[序号]作者.书名.出版地:出版社,出版年份:起止页码.【举例】刘国钧,王连成.图书馆史研究.北京:高等教育出版社,1979:15-18,31.Gill,R.MasteringEnglishLiterature.London:Macmillan,1985:42-45.3.报纸类【格式】[序号]作者•篇名[N]•报纸名，出版日期(版次).【举例】李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N].光明日报,1998-12-27(3).French,W.BetweenSilences:AVoicefromChina[N].AtlanticWeekly,1987-8-15(33).4.论文集【格式】[序号]作者•篇名[C].出版地:出版者，出版年份:起始页码.【举例】伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C].上海:上海译文出版社,1979:12-17.Spivak,G."CantheSubalternSpeak?"[A].InC.Nelson&L.Grossberg(eds.).VictoryinLimbo:Imigism[C].Urbana:UniversityofIllinoisPress,1988,pp.271-313.Almarza,G.G.Studentforeignlanguageteacher'sknowledgegrowth[A].InD.FreemanandJ.C.Richards(eds.).TeacherLearninginLanguageTeaching[C].NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress.1996.pp.50-78.5.学位论文【格式】［序号］作者•篇名［D］.出版地:保存者，出版年份:起始页码.【举例】［11］ 张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集［D］.北京:北京大学数学系数学研究所,1983:1-7.研究报告【格式】［序号］作者.篇名.出版地:出版者,出版年份:起始页码.【举例】［12］ 冯西桥.核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析.北京:清华大学核能技术设计研究院,1997:9-10.专利【格式】［序号］专利所有者•题名［P］屆别:专利号，发布日期.【举例】［13］ 姜锡洲.一种温热外敷药制备方案［P］.中国专利:881056073,19890726.标准【格式】［序号］标准编号，标准名称［S］.【举例】［14］ GB/T16159-1996,汉语拼音正词法基本规则［S］.条例【格式】[序号]颁布单位.条例名称.发布日期【举例】中华人民共和国科学技术委员会.科学技术期刊管理办法[Z].1991-06-0510.电子文献【格式】[序号]主要责任者.电子文献题名.电子文献出处[电子文献及载体类型标识].或可获得地址，发表或更新日期/引用日期.【举例】王明亮.关于中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的进展[EB/OL].http:///pub/wml.txt/9808102.html,19980816/19981004.[17]万锦.中国大学学报论文文摘(19831993).英文版[DB/CD].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1996.11.各种未定义类型的文献【格式】[序号]主要责任者•文献题名[Z].出版地:出版者，出版年.特别说明：凡出现在"渗考文献"项中的标点符号都失去了其原有意义，且其中所有标点必须是半角,如果你的输入法中有半角/全解转换,则换到半角状态就可以了,如果你的输入法中没有这一转换功能,直接关闭中文输入法,在英文输入状态下输入即可.其实，很多输入法(如目前比较流行的搜狐输入法)都提供了四种组合：中文标点+全角：这时输入的标点是这样的，：【1】-(而这时，我没有找到哪个键可以输入/符号)也就是说，这些符号是一定不能出现在"；参考文献"中的；中文标点+半角：这时输入的标点是这样的，：【1】-(这时，我还是没有找到哪个键可以输入/符号)也就是说，这些符号也不能出现在"；参考文献"中的；上面列出的符号，中间没有任何的空格，你能看出它们有什么区别吗?我看只是-的宽度有一点点不同，其它都一样英文标点+全角：这时输入的标点是这样的，.：[1]-/英文标点+半角：这时输入的标点是这样的,.:[1]-/从这两项可以明显的看出，半角和全角其实最大的差别是所占的宽度不一样，这一点对于数字来说最为明显，而英文标点明显要比中文标点细小很多(也许因为英文中，标点的功能没有中文那么复杂，就是说英文中标点符号的能力没有中文那么强大)所以，很多人在写"渗考文献"时，总是觉得用英文标点+半角很不清楚，间距也太小，其实这点完全不用担心如果你觉得真的太小不好看，就用英文标点+全角吧而在[1]之后，一般也都有一个空格对于英文参考文献，还应注意以下两点：①作者姓名采用"姓在前名在后"原贝L具体格式是:姓，名字的首字母.如：MalcolmRichardCowley应为:Cowley,M.R.,如果有两位作者，第一位作者方式不变，&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面，姓放在后面，如:FrankNorris与IrvingGordon应为：Norris,F.&【.Gordon.②书名、报刊名使用斜体字,如：MasteringEnglishLiterature,EnglishWeekly.三、注释注释是对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明注释应置于本页页脚，前面用圈码①、②、③等标识参考文献英文范文：英文论文参考文献格式写法LearningAdviceCentreyourintheauthor/datesystem)and,forlawstudentsorindissertations,thenumericsystem.Differentsubjectareasuseslightvariationsofthesesystems(andothersystemsdoexist)soyoumustconsultyourcourse/modulehandbookforclarificationofthespecificconventionsthatyouareexpectedtousewithinyoursubjectarea(s).Referencesneedtoappearintwoplaces:withinthebodyofyourwritinginclude:author‟ssurname,yearofpublicationand,ifquoting,theexactpagenumberfromwhichthequoteistaken;inthebibliographyincludeatleast:author‟ssurname,initial(s),yearofpublication,titleoftext/chapter,edition,publisher&placeofpublication;seepage3forspecificdetailsthatapplytoreferencingdifferentsources.Therearetwowaysinwhichyoucanreference,orcite,anotherperson'swork:a)byparaphrasing;thisshowsyouhavefullyinterpretedwhatyouhaveread-seeLearningSkillsHelpSheetonHowtoParaphrase;1.1Referenceswithinthebodyofthetext-HarvardSystemb)byquotingdirectly;followwithacommenttoshowrelevance/understandingIfthedirectquotationismorethantwolines,youshouldindentitasaseparateparagraphe.g.:AsCottrell(2003,p.148)pointsout“Ourviewsofwhatis„intelligent‟canpreventusfromdevelopingourmindstotheirfullpotential.Peoplewhofeeltheyare„notverybright‟or„notverycreative‟probablywillfulfilthatestimationofthemselves.Ontheotherhand,positivethinkingandconstructivementalactivitydevelopthemind.”Citingsecondarysources:Ifyouarereferencingaworkcitedbytheauthorofthetextyouarereading,youshouldcitetheoriginalworkasbeingwithinasecondarysourcei.e.whatwhatthewriterofthebookyouarereadinghasread,usingthefollowingmethod:AccordingtoDeBono(1994,citedinCottrell,2003,p.148),“cleverpeopleareoftenhamperedbytheirapparentintelligenceintwoways:”theyaregoodatarguinganddefendingtheirpointofview;theyindulgeinnegativecriticismwhichisaquick,easyanddramaticwayofprovingsomeonewrong.Cont'dYoucanmakeanappointmentwiththeLearningAdvisorifyouwishtoreceivemoreindividualadviceonyourindependentlearningskills.Emailorphone02079115000ext.2364.LearningAdviceCentrereferenceappearsasafootnoteatthebottomofthepagee.g.:ThereweremanychangesintheBritishdietintheperiodafter1870.Fruitbecamemorecommon,especiallyintheformoffruitjam.Eventhefish-and-chipshopdatesfromthesameperiod.1(Note:Seebottomofthispageforassociatedfootnote.)ToinsertfootnotesusingWord,clickontheplaceinyourdocumentwhereyouwanttoinsertthefootnote.ThenclickontheInsertmenu,selectReference,thenclickonFootnote.Anotherwindowwillthenopenthatwillallowyoutoformatthefootnotesmanually,ifyourequire.Oncethefootnotehasbeeninsertedinthetextanditappearsatthebottomofthepage,clicknexttothenumberatthebottomtoaddthereferencedetails:authorsurname,initial(s),publicationyear,titleofwork/article,pagenumber,etc.Onceyouhavereferencedanauthorforthefirsttimeusingthenumericsystemyoudonothavetorepeatthatsamereferenceinfullagain.Ifthesameworkisreferencedconsecutivelyonthesamepageuse:ibid.=(fromtheLatin„ibidem‟,meaning„thesame‟)orop.cit.=(fromtheLatin„operecitado‟meaning„intheworkalreadycited‟)Ifthesameworkisreferencedonanotherpage,listtheauthor‟ssurname,initialsanddateofpublicationagainfollowedbyop.cit.andthepagenumber.Differentpagenumbersforthecitationsyouusemustbelistedwitheachfootnote(seeexamplebelow).2Hobsbawm,H.,(1990),TheEatingHabitsoftheBritishPeople,p.1622ibid.,p.1631LearningAdviceCentreaccordingtoBooksHeinz,E.,(2000),AHistoryofBakedBeans,Arnold,LondonIftherearetwoauthorsyoumustlistbothauthors‟namese.g.:Heinz,E.,andMcDonald,R.,(2001),AHistoryofBakedBeans,Arnold,LondonIftherearemorethantwoauthors,namethefirstauthorfollowedby‘etal’(Latinmeaning„andothers‟)e.g.:Heinz,E.,etal.,(2002),TheBeanandOtherLegumes,Routledge,NewYorkIfthebookhasmorethanoneedition,youmuststatewhicheditionyouhaveusede.g.:Heinz,E.,andMcDonald,R.,(2006),AHistoryofBakedBeans,(2ndEd.),Arnold,LondonAnarticleinabookJohnson,S.,(1998a),TheCornflakeinHistory,In:Jennings,N.,(Ed.)FoodforThought,EdinburghUniversityPress,UKJournalarticlesJohnson,S.,(1998b),„Deconstructingthepre-millennialdiet:SpecialKandpostmodernism‟,CulturalStudies11,1:pp.32–44ThismeansthatanarticlebySarahJohnsoncalled„Deconstructingthepre-millennialdiet:SpecialKandpostmodernism‟waspublishedinthejournalCulturalStudies,volume11,number1,onpages32to44.Thisissueofthejournalwaspublishedin1998.Whereyouhavereferencedtwoormoreseparateworksbythesameauthorthatwerepublishedinthesameyear,addalphabeticalnotationafterthepublicationyearinboththetextandbibliographytodistinguishbetweentheworks.(Seeexamplesabove.)E-journalarticlesJimenez,R.,(2003),„SexDifferencesinL2VocabularyLearningStrategies‟,InternationalJournalofAppliedLinguistics13,1,pp.54-77,[online],availablefrom:[Accessed13/10/2006]Fore-journals/booksyoumuststatethatitisanonlineresource,citetheURLandincludethedateyouaccesseditattheendinadditiontoincludingthejournalvolume/numberandthepublicationyear,asabove.LearningAdviceCentreacceptabletitleandstatethedateyouaccessedthesitee.g.:Holmes,A.,(2000),Greenpeacewinsmediawar,[online],availablefrom:[Accessed25/10/2006].Ifyoucannotfind&statetheauthor‟sname,usethenameoftheorganisation,e.g.:BBC,(2007),NorthernIreland:TheTroubles,[online],availablefrom:[Accessed30/04/2007].NewspaperarticlesListthewriter‟ssurnameandinitial(s),yearofpublication,titleofarticle,titleofnewspaperfollowedbythefulldateofpublication,sectionofthepaperandpagenumber,e.g.:Ratner,C.,(2000),„Magazinesparkslovefeud‟,TheIndependent,10October2000,ThursdayReview:p.14ReferencetoaThesisListthesurname,initials,year,title,typeofthesis,nameofinstitutionsubmittedto:Smith,J.,(2005),LinguisticSignificanceofTeenageSlangintheUK,(PhD),UniversityofWestminsterTVProgrammesFollowingtheseriestitlelistthenumberandtitleoftheepisode,year,transmittingchannelfollowedbythefulldateandtime,ifknown,oftransmission.Venice,Episode4;Death,(2004),BBC2,12/12/2004ContributionsinProgrammesIndividualspeakersorcontributorstoprogrammesshouldbereferencedbynamefollowedbyyear,programmetitle,channelanddateoftransmissione.g.:Brown,G.,(2007),LiveTreasuryQuestions,BBCParliament,29/03/2007DVD/VideoListthetitle,yearofproduction,format,Director‟sname,productionplaceandorganisation,e.g.:Dogma,(1999),VHS,DirectedbyKevinSmith,ViewAskewLearningAdviceCentreocreateabibliographiclistthatcanbeimportedintoyourworddocumentTologintoRefWorksuseyourAthensusernameandpassword.NOTE:beforeyoustarttouseRefWorksitishighlyadvisablethatyoueitherlookattheguidanceonthelibraryhomepageorworkthroughtheonlinetutorials.RefWorksisnotatoolthatcanbelearnedin5minutesandusedasalastminutequickfixifyouarebehindonanassignment.Remember,aswithanyassignment,youshouldensurethatonceyouhaveimportedyourbibliographyyoueditandformatittomatchyourdepartmentalprotocol;bibliographicalinformationcreatedusingRefWorksmaybeformattedi