广西壮族自治区桂林市西山中学2021年高二英语上学期期末试题含解析

广西壮族自治区桂林市西山中学2021年高二英语上学期期末试题含解析一、选择题1.Somethingunexpectedhappened,but_______itwasapleasantjourney.A.indetail

B.onaverage

C.toadegree

D.onthewhole参考答案：D2.---Youdidn’thaveagoodtimeattheparty?

----No,I______alotfromthenoisemadebytheband.

A.worried

B.suffered

C.heard

D.enjoyed参考答案：B3.Howlongdoyousupposeitis

hearrivedthere?A.when

B.before

C.after

D.since参考答案：D4.

____wearedevelopingnewtechnologyatsuchahighpace,thetruechallengeistofindnewwaysofusingit.A.Although

B.After

C.Assoonas

D.Nowthat参考答案：D5.

______________nottodriveafterdrinkingalcohol,somedriversarestilltryingtheirluck,whichisreallydangerous.

A.Reminded

B.Toremind

C.HavingremindedD.Beingreminded参考答案：A6.—Ididn’tseeherlastnightattheparty.

—You

.Butyoucametoolate.

A.couldhave

B.can’thave

C.musthave

D.oughthave参考答案：A略24.Thenews_______BarackObamawontheNobelPeacePrizeis_______surprisedtheworld.

A.that；what

B.which；that

C.that；which

D./；how参考答案：A略8..Don’talways_______yourownfailure_______others.Sometimesyouyourself________.A．blame；on；aretobeblamedB．blame；for；aretoblameC．blame；on；aretoblameD．blame；for；aretobeblamed参考答案：C略9.TheSpringFestivalisourtraditionalfestival,__________peopleusuallyvisittheirfriendsands.A.forwhich

B.towhich

C.duringwhich

D.aboutwhich参考答案：C10.Everyeveningafterdinner,ifnot______inreadingbooks,shecanbefound_____onthesofawatchingTV.A.absorbed;seating

B.absorbing;satC.absorbed;seated

D.absorbing;sitting参考答案：C11.Whenyoulookat

willhavebecomealargetree,youwillfindasenseofsatisfactionthatyoudidyourparttohelpsolvetheproblemofclimatechange.A.something;known

B.which;toknowC.those;know

D.what;knowing参考答案：D考查宾语从句和非谓语动词。当你看到将变成了一棵大树的时候，你会发现一种满足感，知道你为解决气候变化问题所做的贡献。第一空是what引导的宾语从句，既做引导词又在句中做主语；此处是现在分词做伴随状态，故选D。12.–Itseemsimpossibleforyoutocoverthatlongdistance!–Innoway_______giveup.A.Ishall

B.mightI

C.shallI

D.Iwill参考答案：C13.Though_____money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lacking

B.lack

C.lackedin

D.lackingof参考答案：A14.Thepolicestillhaven’tfoundthelostchild,butthey’redoingallthey.

A.can B.mayC.must D.should参考答案：A提示:考查情态动词与省略。句意:警察仍然没有找到那个失踪的孩子,但他们在尽他们所能去寻找他。can“能”,与句意相符。本句完整结构为:they’redoingalltheycandotolookforhim。

15.Whenfirst____tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.beingintroduced

B.havingintroduced

C.introduced

D.introducing参考答案：C16.Asamatteroffact,gettingridofabadhabitis________formingagoodone.A.asmuchaneffortas

B.muchaneffortas

C.asaneffortmuchas

D.aneffortmuchas

参考答案：A二、填空17.Youcanrelaxifrememberingeverythingisnotyourstrongsuit.Recentresearchmakesthecasethatbeingforgetfulcanbeastrength—infact,selectivememorycanevenbeasignofstrongerintelligence.Traditionalresearchonmemoryhasfocusedontheadvantagesofrememberingeverything.Butlookingthroughyearsofrecentmemorydata,researchersPaulFranklandandBlakeRichardsoftheUniversityofTorontofoundthattheneurobiology（神经生物学）offorgettingcanbejustasimportanttoourdecision-makingaswhatourmindschoosetoremember.“Thegoalofmemoryisnotthetransmissionofinformationthroughtime.Rather,thegoalofmemoryistohelpimprovedecision-making.Assuch,transience（转瞬即逝）isasimportantaspersistenceinmemorysystems，”theirstudyinNeuronstates.Makingintelligentdecisionsdoesnotmeanyouneedtohavealltheinformationathand,itjustmeansyouneedtoholdontothemostvaluableinformation.Andthatmeansclearingupspaceinyourmemorypalaceforthemostup-to-dateinformationonsituations.Ourbrainsdothisbygeneratingnewneurons（神经元）inourhippocampus（海马体）,whichhavethepowertooverwriteexistingmemoriesthatareinfluencingourdecision-making.“Ifyou''''''''''''''''retryingtodealwiththesituationandyourbrainisconstantlybringingupmultipleconflictingmemories,thatmakesitharderforyoutomakeawisedecision，”RichardstoldScienceDaily.Ifyouwanttoincreasethenumberofnewneuronsinyourbrain''''''''''''''''slearningregion,tryexercising.Moderateaerobicexerciselikejogging,powerwalking,andswimminghavebeenfoundtoincreasethenumberofneuronsmakingimportantconnectionsinourbrains.Whenweforgetthenamesofcertainclientsanddetailsaboutoldjobs,ourbrainismakingachoicethatthesedetailsdonotmatter.Althoughtoomuchforgetfulnesscanbeacauseforconcern,theoccasionallostdetailcanbeasignofaperfectlyhealthymemorysystem.Theresearchersfoundthatourbrainsfacilitatedecision-makingbystoppingusfromfocusingtoomuchonminorpastdetails.Instead,thebrainpromotesgeneralization,helpingusrememberthemostimportantgistofaconversation.“Oneofthethingsthatdistinguishesanenvironmentwhereyou''''''''''''''''regoingtowanttorememberstuffversusanenvironmentwhereyouwanttoforgetstuffisthisquestionofhowconsistenttheenvironmentisandhowlikelythingsaretocomebackintoyourlife，”Richardssaid.Ifyou''''reananalystwhomeetswithaclientweekly,yourbrainwillrecognizethatthisisaclientwhosenameandstoryyouneedtoremember.Ifthisissomeoneyoumaynevermeetagain,yourbrainwillweighthatinformationaccordingly.Thesefindingsshowusthattotalrecallcanbeoverrated.Ourbrainsareworkingsmarterwhentheyaimtoremembertherightstories,noteverystory.Title：BeingForgetfulMightActuallyMeanYou''''re____46____IntroductionRecentresearchprovesthatbeingforgetfulcanbeastrength,forforgettingandselectivememoryareof____47____importanceinourdecision-making.ThegoalofmemoryPeopletakeadvantageofmemorytomakegooddecisionsratherthan___48___information.____49____of

beingforgetfulIthelpsusforgetoutdatedinformation.●Makingwisedecisionsinvolvestheexistingmemoriesmaking___50___forthelatestinformation.●Meanwhile,toomuchcontradictoryinformationinmemorycandoharmtoourdecision-making.●Exercisinghelpsincreaseneurons,contributingtoour____51____decision-making.Ithelpsusseethebig____52____．●After____53____theinformationitgets,thebrainchoosestofocusonthekeypoints,occasionallyforgettingunimportantpastdetails.●Whethertorememberorforgetparticularstuffis____54____bythedegreeoftheconsistencyoftheenvironmentandthe____55____ofthingsreappearinglaterinlife.ConclusionOurbrainsareworkingsmarterwhenaimingtoremembertherightstories,noteverystory.参考答案：46.Smarter

47.equal

48.transmit

49.Advantages/Benefits

50.way/space/room

51.improved/better

52.picture

53.weighing/comparing54.determined/decided

55.likelihood/chance/possibility/probability本文是说明文，大脑通过权衡比较后，有选择的遗忘一些旧的或无关紧要的信息，选择性遗忘会使我们的大脑更聪明。【46题详解】考查对文章的理解和形容词。根据文章最后一段Thesefindingsshowusthattotalrecallcanbeoverrated.Ourbrainsareworkingsmarterwhentheyaimtoremembertherightstories,noteverystory.可知研究结果表明当我们只记住重点而不是所有内容时，选择性遗忘会使我们的大脑更聪明。与句中Ourbrainsareworkingsmarter一致，故填Smarter.【47题详解】考查对文章的理解和形容词。根据第一段……beingforgetfulcanbeastrength—infact,selectivememorycanevenbeasignofstrongerintelligence.和第二段……thattheneurobiologyofforgettingcanbejustasimportanttoourdecision-makingaswhatourmindschoosetoremember.可知健忘可能是一种力量——事实上，选择性记忆和我们的决定一样重要。根据asimportantas,故填equal.【48题详解】考查对文章的理解和动词。根据第三段中Thegoalofmemoryisnotthetransmissionofinformationthroughtime.Rather,thegoalofmemoryistohelpimprovedecision-making.可知记忆的目标不是通过时间传递信息。相反,记忆的目标是帮助提高决定。根据thetransmissionofinformation此处用其动词形式，故填transmit.【49题详解】考查对文章的理解和名词。根据本项内容中Ithelpsusforgetoutdatedinformation.和Ithelpsusseethebig____7____．可知此项是介绍健忘的好处或优点，故填Advantages/Benefits.【50题详解】考查对文章的理解和名词。根据第四段Andthatmeansclearingupspaceinyourmemorypalaceforthemostup-to-dateinformationonsituations.可知健忘能够清理大脑空间，为记住最新信息做准备。根据clearingupspace可知是清理空间，腾地方，故填way/space/room.【51题详解】考查对文章的理解和形容词。根据第六段Ifyouwanttoincreasethenumberofnewneuronsinyourbrain''''''''''''''''slearningregion,tryexercising.……increasethenumberofneuronsmakingimportantconnectionsinourbrains.可知锻炼有助于增加大脑学习区域的新神经元的数量，帮助我们更好地做决定。故填improved/better.【52题详解】考查对文章的理解和名词。根据后面内容可知大脑通过权衡比较后，有选择的遗忘一些旧的或无关紧要的信息。记住或忘记特定的东西取决于环境的一致性程度和事情在以后的生活中重现的可能性。这些都说明健忘能够帮助我们记住重要信息，顾全大局。故填picture.【53题详解】考查对文章的理解和动词。根据第七段Whenweforgetthenamesofcertainclientsanddetailsaboutoldjobs,ourbrainismakingachoicethatthesedetailsdonotmatter.可知大脑通过权衡比较后，有选择的遗忘一些旧的或无关紧要的信息。指权衡比较，故填weighing/comparing.【54题详解】考查对文章的理解和动词形式。根据第八段Oneofthethingsthatdistinguishesanenvironmentwhereyou''''''''''''''''regoingtowanttorememberstuffversusanenvironmentwhereyouwanttoforgetstuffisthisquestionofhowconsistenttheenvironmentisandhowlikelythingsaretocomebackintoyourlife.中howconsistenttheenvironmentis可知记住或忘记特定的东西取决于环境的一致性程度，故填determined/decided.【55题详解】考查对文章的理解和名词。根据第八段Oneofthethingsthatdistinguishesanenvironmentwhereyou''''''''''''''''regoingtowanttorememberstuffversusanenvironmentwhereyouwanttoforgetstuffisthisquestionofhowconsistenttheenvironmentisandhowlikelythingsaretocomebackintoyourlife.中howlikelythingsaretocomebackintoyourlife.可知记住或忘记特定的东西取决于环境的一致性程度和事情在以后的生活中重现的可能性。与likely意思一致，此处用名词，表示“可能性”，故填likelihood/chance/possibility/probability.18.A.race

B.created

C.shaped

D.portion

AB.primaryAC.dragged

AD.dramatic

BC.collapse

BD.delicious

CD.individual

EasterIslandisafamousandveryisolatedislandinthesoutheastPacificOcean.Itiswell-knownforitsgiantstonestatues,themoai,

36

sometimebetweentheyears1000and1700–likelytowardstheearlier

37

ofthatrange.Thesestatuesnumber887,andatonepointtherewereabout10islandersforeverystatue,foranislandpopulationof10,000orso.ThefirstandonlypeopleevertoliveonEasterIslandwerefroman

38

groupofPolynesiansthat,oncefindingEaster,thenhadnocontactwithanyother

39

.EasterIslandisoftentakenasacasestudyofcivilization’scollapse.Inthe17th-18thcenturytherewasa

40

declineincivilization.Therewerealsonumerouscivilwarsthatwouldhavebeenextremelybloody.Evidenceindicatesthatchickensandratsbecamethe

41

dietoftheislanders.BythetimetheEuropeansarrivedin1722,therewerebarely1,000inhabitantsonisland.Beforethe

42

ofEasterIsland’scivilizationinthe17thcentury,therewasaGoldenAge,duringwhichthetwo-tonmoaistatueswereconstructed.Thesestatueshadeyespaintedwhiteandwereallpointedtowardsthesea.Theislanderslackedmetaltools,and

43

thestatuesusingonlystonetools.Thestatueswere

44

totheirpresentlocationsbylargewoodenframes.Givenhowfewpeopletherewereontheislandandhowhugethestatuesare,ithaslongbeenamysterywhetherEasterIslandershadanyspecialassistancefromextraterrestrials（外星人）.参考答案：36.B

37.D

38.CD

39.A

40.AD

41.AB

42.BC

43.C

44.AC三、阅读理解19.Helosthisarmsinanaccidentthatclaimedhisfather’slife--whowasthemainsourceofsupportforthefamily.Sincethen,hehashadtodependonthearmsofhisyoungerbrother.Forthesakeoftakingcareofhim,hisyoungerbrotherbecamehisshadow,neverleavinghimaloneforyears.Exceptforwritingwithhistoes,hewascompletelyunabletodoanythinginhislife.Onelatenight,hesufferedfromdiarrhea(腹泻)andhadtowakeuphisyoungerbrother.Hisyoungerbrotheraccompaniedhimintothetoiletandthenwentbacktodormtowait.Butbeingsotired,hisyoungerbrotherfellasleep,leavinghimonthetoiletfortwohourstilltheteacherondutydiscoveredhim.Asthetwobrothersgrewuptogether,theyhadtheirshareofproblemsandtheywouldoftenquarrel.Thenoneday,hisyoungerbrotherwantedtoliveseparatefromhim,livinghisownlife,asmanynormalpeopledo.Sohewasheart-brokenanddidn’tknowwhattodo.Asimilarmisfortunehappenedtoagirl,too.Onenighthermother,whosufferedfromchronicmentalillness,disappeared.Soherfatherwentoutlookingforhermother,leavingheraloneathome.Shetriedtopreparemealsforherparents,onlytooverturn(弄翻)thekerosenelightonthestove,resultinginafirewhichtookherhandsaway.Thoughhereldersister,whowasstudyinginanothercity,showedherwillingnesstotakecareofher,shewasdeterminedtobecompletelyindependent.Atschool,shealwaysstudiedhard.Mostofallshelearnedtobeself-dependent.Onceshewrotethefollowinginhercomposition:“Iamlucky.ThoughIlostmyarms,Istillhavelegs;Iamlucky.”Thoughmywingsarebroken,myheartcanstillfly.”Oneday,theboyandthegirlwerebothinvitedtoappearonatelevisioninterviewprogram.TheboytoldtheTVhostabouthisuncertainfutureatbeingleftonhisown,whereasthegirlwasfullofenthusiasmforherlife.The