高中学习英语选修八Unit 02 B

Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions.Ex.1differcastaccumulateexactaltogetherobjectionsundertakemoralEx.2Comparedwithherfamily,andespeciallyhernephew,hernieceDaisyisstraightforwardaboutheropinions.Thearbitrarydecisionsofthefactoryleaderscausedangeramongtheworkers.IstheoperahouseinthecommercialareaofBeijing?TheproducerofthemediaprogrammemadeanobjectiontoJenniferjoininginthechorus.Beforeyoucanmakealoaf,youneedtoobtainsomeflour.YouowetheLadyanapology.Iwill

forbidyoutoleaveunlessyouapologizeforwhatyouhavedone.Ex.3attaincomplicatedfatecarriercastreformaccumulateDiscoveringusefulstructures.Ex.1Thewholescientificworldfollowedtheprogressofthefirstsuccessfulclone,Dollythesheep.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.Ex.2Dollythesheepbecameascientificbreakthroughwhenthenewsthatshehadbeenbornwasannouncedin1997.However,theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.On14thFebruary2003scientistsmadethedecisionthatDollyshouldbeputtosleep.Dolly’sdeath,likeherbirth,wasboundtoraiseworries.ThefactthatDollydied

whenshewasquiteyoungdisappointedpeopletheworldover.Scientistsholdthebeliefthatcloningmayleadtomanyimportantscientificbreakthroughsandmedicaltreatments.Butnowthequestioncomestotheirminds,“Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone?”Besidesthat,thereisalsoafiercedebateoverthequestionwhetherhumancloningexperimentsshouldbeallowed.Scientistsbelievehumancloningisjustamatteroftimebuttheassumption(设想)

thathumancloneshavealreadybeenbornhasn’tbeenprovedyet.1977年多莉羊诞生的消息宣布后便成为一项科学突破。但是，后来多莉羊染上严重肺病的问题又让科学家们忧虑。2003年2月14日科学家们作出让多莉羊长眠的决定。多莉之死正如它的出世一样，肯定会带来焦虑。多莉早亡的事实令世人失望。科学家们认为克隆可能会带来很多重大的科学突破和医学疗法，但他们现在不得不思考这样一个问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”除此而外，关于是否应该允许进行人类克隆实验的问题也引起了激烈的争论。科学家们相信人类克隆只不过是时间问题，但是克隆人已经问世的说法还没有被证实。Ex.3variousanswers1.Ihadnoidea_________________________________________2.Weheardthenews____________________________________3.Johntoldthetruth_____________________________________4.Bettywonaprize______________________________________5.Charlesagreedtotheregulation___________________________6.YesterdayIwasgladtogetamessage_____________________7.Thefact_____________________________inspiredallofus.8.Igottheimpression___________________________________whethershehadgonetoBeijing.thattherecameaterribleearthquakeinJapan.thatTomhadcheatedintheexam.thathehadmadeanewinvention.thatnobodyisallowedtobelate.thatmysonwouldbeback.thatourfootballteamwonthegamethatmostofusdidwellintheexam.Unit2GrammarRevisetheAppositive1.Tom,ourmonitor,isahandsomeboy.2.Imyselfwilldotheexperiment.3.Sheistheoldestamongthemsix.4.Hetoldmethenewsthattheplanehadexploded.名词代词数词下面句子中红色部分在句中作什么成分？从句同位语TheAppositive

同位语是句子成分的一种,它位于名词、代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况,它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。同位语TheAppositive同位语的表现形式有以下几种：(1)名词(2)代词(3)数词(4)从句(5)由suchas,thatis引导

Somesubjects,suchasmathsandphysics,areverydifficulttolearn.

某些学科,例如数学和物理,是很难学的。(6)由of引导

ThecityofBeijinghasbeengreatlychangedsince2000.自从2000年以来,

北京市发生了很大的变化。(7)由or引导

Thefreezingtemperature,orfreezingpoint,isthetemperatureatwhichwaterfreezesunderordinarypressure.结冰温度即冰点,是水在常压下结冰时的温度。Thehope

thathemayrecoverisnotgoneyet.Theproblem

whetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.Ihavenoidea

whenhewillcomeback.Whatkindofclausesarethey?TheyareAppositiveClauses.(1)同位语从句的定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。同位语从句TheAppositiveClause它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词that,

连接副词how,

when,where,whether

等。ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon.同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：注意:(2)同位语从句的表现形式:①由that引导

Thefactthatyouhaven’tenoughtimetodotheworkissimplyunbelievable.Thehopethathemaycomehereisnotgoneyet.ThenewsthathehasbeenelectedpresidentoftheUnitedStatesistrue.Thetruththatheavyobjectsandlightobjectsfallatthesamespeedisknowntoall.Theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.②由whether引导

Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.③由when引导

Ihavenoideawhentheywillgo.(3)同位语从句与定语从句的区别:

同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆,我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们:①同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词;定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。WeexpressthehopethattheywillcometovisitChinaagain.Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.②同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系,定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。(同位语从句)(定语从句)Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.(同位语从句,news和从句没有逻辑关系)Thenewsthatyoutoldusyesterdayistrue.(定语从句,news是told的逻辑宾语)Theorderwhenweshouldgobackhasn’treachedus.(同位语从句,order和从句没有逻辑关系)ThedaywhenNewChinawasfoundedwillneverbeforgotten.(定语从句,day是founded的逻辑状语)③同位语从句主要由连接词that引导,有时也可用when,where,who,whether等引导;定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。

Thenheraisedthequestionwheretheyweretogetthemachineneeded.Doyouknowtheplacewherehewasborn?④引导同位语从句的连词不可省略;引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。

Thenewsthathehasbeenelectedmonitorofourclassistrue.Thenews(that)hetoldmeisexciting.⑤同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子,谓语动词用be的不同形式。Heheardthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.

Thenewswasthattheirteamhadwon.此句可以变为一个表语从句:我们可以在名词和从句之间加be,使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。Thebeliefthattheearthisflatisstillheldinsomecountries.Thebeliefisthattheearthisflat.同位语从句的简易判断方法：用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。1.Ican’tdecide_____bookIshouldbuy.2.Chinaisnolonger____itusedtobe.3.Iamveryinterestedin____heimprovedhisEnglishinsuchashorttime.4._____weneedismoremoney.5.Thetruth_____theearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntous.whichwhathowWhatthatThereason___hehastogois___hismotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because2.Theyreceivedorders___theworkbedonerightaway.A.whichB.thatC./D.whenExercise3.Youcantaketheseat____isfree.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.inwhich4.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where5.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation___hewaslikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.why6.That’stheonlything___hecandonowA.whichB.allC.thatD.what1.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo____Icantosavethem.(2000春季北京卷)A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever解析：答案A。do后接宾语从句，宾语从句Ican后省略了do，缺少宾语。whatever在宾语从句中作宾语。高考解析2.Informationhasbeenputforward___moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.(2001上海卷)A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as解析：答案Bthat引导从句作information的同位语，解释information的具体内容。3.There’safeelinginme___we’llneverknowwhataUFOis–notever.(2002上海卷)A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what解析：答案A同位语从句thatwe’llneverknowwhataUFOis–notever作afeeling的同位语，解释afeeling的具体内容。That连接同位语从句时只起连接作用，不作从句的任何成分。4.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars____roadconditionsneed____.(2003上海卷

)

A.that;tobeimproved

B.which;tobeimproved

C.where;tobeimproved

D.when;improving解析：答案为Athat引导同位语从句说明“新问题”的内容。Need后既可接动名词主动式，也可接动词不定式被动式作宾语。5.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.(2004春季上海卷

)

A.whichB.that

C.whatD.whether解析：答案B这是一个同位语从句，解释promise的具体内容，要用that引导。练习TwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadiet.

Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.Thefact

thattwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadiet

worriestheirparentsandteachersalot.把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.Weheardthenewslastnight

thattheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinChina.3.Timetravelispossible./Wehavenoscientificprooffortheidea.Wehavenoscientificprooffortheidea

thattimetravelispossible.4.Teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeontheInternet./ManyChineseparentsholdtheview.ManyChineseparentsholdtheview

thatteenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeontheInternet.5.Studentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople.Thesuggestion

thatstudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople.1.Thenewsthat__________________________(我们队赢了)istrue.2.Ihadnoideathat_____________(你在这里).3.Thebeliefthat____________________(条条大路通罗马)issharedbymanypeople.ourteamhaswonthematchyouwerehereallroadsleadtoRomeTranslation1.Wedon’tthinkyoutwohavemetbefore.翻译句子,并说明这个名词性从句的作用。我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。(宾语从句)2.ItiscertainthatJohnwilldowellinhisexam.约翰肯定会考好。(主语从句)3.Whethertheyarecomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.4.Thefactthattheywontheprize

madeushappy.他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。(同位语从句)他们来不来无关紧要。(主语从句)5.Nowiswhenweneedhimmost.现在是我们最需要他的时候。(表语从句)6.Ihavenoideahowshegotthrough

theforest.我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。(同位语从句)UsingLanguageTHERETURNOFTHEDINOSAURS?Wordspreviewresistmerelydecorationunablezebravt.抵抗；对抗

adv.仅；只；不过

n.装饰

adj.不能的；不会的

n.斑马argumentaloudreasonableobtainn.论据；论点；争论adv.大声地；出声地adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的vt.获得；得到WordspreviewExpressionspreviewfromtimetotimebringbacktolifepayoff不时；偶尔使复生取得好结果；取得成功；赔清Pleaseenjoysomepicturesaboutdinosaurs.霸王龙剑龙stegosaurs角龙ceratopsids雷龙brontosaurus翼龙pterodactylReadingcomprehension1.Thewriterofthetext_____

A.isexcitedbythepossibilityofcloningfierceandextinctanimals B.believesextinctanimalscanbebroughtbacktolifebycloning C.thinksitimpossibleorunsuitabletocloneextinctanimalslike dinosaurs D.dreamsofdinosaursreturningtotheearth2.ThefilmJurassicParkispopularbecause_____.

A.peopleareinterestedinthesubjectofcloning B.alltheactorsaredinosaurs C.itwasdirectedbyascientistwhoclonesdinosaurs D.itprovesveryinteresting3.Whichofthefollowingistrue?____

A.Micewereclonedin1981. B.Dollythesheepwasthefirstclonedanimal. C.Thenameoftheclonedcowis“Bison” D.Chinawassuccessfulincloningmammals.4.Thereasonswhyagroupofclonedanimalsalldieofthesame illnessdoNOTinclude____. A.theyhavethesamearrangementofgenes B.thereisn’tenoughdiversityinthegroupforittoovercome illnesses C.theillnessisanewone D.theirarrangementofgenescannotresistthatnewdisease5.Wecaninferfromthetextthat____ A.scientistsareexperimentingtoclonedinosaurs B.dinosaurswillneverreturntotheearth C.clonedanimalswillonlyliveinthezoo D.theDNAofdinosaurscanonlysurvive10000yearUsefulexpressionsfierceandextinctwildanimalsthepopularityoffilmsamixtureoffearandexcitementstrikeintostrike…intosb.’sheartexperimentwithgivebirthtofromtimetotimebring…backtolifewithwhatweknowinvainarrange…indifferentwayspass…ontodrawbacktocontinuethespecies凶猛和灭绝的野生动物受欢迎的影片既兴奋又恐惧突然开始/转入;扎(进)使某人感到…进行实验;用…做实验生;引起,产生不时,偶尔,间或使恢复/复活/苏醒据我们所知白费地,徒劳无益地以不同的方式排列…将…传给……的缺点继续传种接代Listentothepassageandanswerthequestions.1.Whyshouldn'tyoucloneanextinctanimalunlessthereisenough diversityinthegroup? Therewillnotbeenoughdiversityinthegrouptobeabletoresist newillnesses.2.Whyisitwrongtocloneanextinctanimalifitwouldhavetolive inazoo? Becauseitisnotasuitablehabitattodevelopandincreaseits numbers.Thezooisnotanaturalenvironmentforawildanimal3.Whycan'tyouclonetheDNAofanimalsthathavebeenextinct longerthan10,000years? TheDNAofanimalsmorethan10,000yearsoldisnotsuitable forcloning,foritcan'tsurvivesolong.1.Thepopularityoffilms…struck…intopeople’shearts

popularityn.

普及，流行；知名度；受大众欢迎

Hispopularityextendsalloverinthewholeworld.

gaininpopularity=becomemorepopular Asyouknow,Englishhasgained

in

popularityinChina.

strikeinto扎进；突然跑入；突然开始

Isawhimstrike

intoabookshopalongtheroad. Injustafewdaysitsrootwillstrikedeepintoearth.

strike…intoone’sheart使某人感到…;使…突然进入

Whattheteachersaidstruck

fear

intomyheart. Hestruck

a

damp

intome.(给…泼冷水,扫…的兴,使沮丧)2.…wearealongwayfrombeingabletoclone....

sb.isalongwayfromdoingsth.某人做…还有很长的路要走

WearealongwayfromstudyingEnglishwell. =TostudyEnglishwell,westillhavealongwaytogo.Languagepoints3.…canbebroughtbacktolife… bringbacktolife

使…复活;使…苏醒

Anywayhewasdead,wecouldnotbringhimbacktolife. Dr.Litriedhisbesttobringtheunconsciouschildbacktolife. bringtolife使生动;使活泼;使…得生命

Agoodteacheralwayshasawaytobringhisclasstolife. bringbacktohealth恢复健康bringbacktopower重新上台

bringbacktomemory勾起回忆4.…willbeinvainif…. vainadj.①自负的;爱虚荣的②徒劳的,无用的,无效的

Sheisoneofthosevainpeoplewhonevertakeothers'advice. Hemadeavainattempttoreachthedrowningchild. bevainabout对...很