UNIT2LOOKINGINTOTHEFUTURE2.4练习解析版选择性必修一

2.4AssessingYourProgress基础知识自测.选词填空polenlial,available,resistance,artificial,secure,conslanl,innovation,predict,aulomatic,dislanlUNESCOrecentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditsasa〃〃办加g（联合）voiceacrosscultures.答案：potential（储物柜）aretostoreanybelongingsduringyourvisit.答案:available.The（抵制）tovaccine（疫苗）hascontinuedfordecades,anditisdrivenbyarealbutverysmallrisk.答案:resistance.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatintelligence（Al）maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.答案:artificial.Wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatisagainstordinaryhumans,letalonesuperintelligentmachines.答案:secure.Wefoundthatin30mphzonesolderdriversstruggledtokeepataspeedandsoweremorelikelytobreakthespeedlimitandbeatriskofgettingfined.答案:constant.（2（）18：工苏卷改编）1haveafront-rowseattotheamongsmallfarmersthataretransformingtheindustry.答案：innovations.（2018•北京卷改编）I「shardtowhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.答案：predict.（2018•天津卷改编）Mostcampusbuildingsareequippedwithfirealarmsystemsconsistingofheatdetectors,smokedetectorsandsprinklers.答案：automatic解析：作者点头后，杰里米的脸上顿时洋溢着兴奋(excitement)的神情、怀疑的神情被抹去，故选D项。B.rcmcmbcrC.forgctD.value答案：C解析：看到杰里米开心的样子，作者认为她永远不会忘记那一刻，故选C项。B.questionC.posterDposition答案：C解析：根据后面得奖的内容可知，在买到招贴纸后，杰里米整个下午都在忙着做海报，故选C项。答案：A解析：根据上文“InsideitwastheCertificateofAward.”可知，信封里装着获奖证书,作者感激自己没有忽视儿子的请求，否则就不会有机会看到儿子获奖了。grateful感激的，故选A项。答案：B解析：买招贴纸是杰里米对作者的请求。request要求，请求，故选B项。IV.语法填空Aroundtwentyyearsago,Iwasgoingthroughhard1(time).Icouldn'tfinda2(satisfy)job.Tomyshame,Ihadtodriveaschoolbustomakeendsmeet.Oneafternoon,while3(drive)throughasuburbanneighborhood,!wassosadthatIkeptasking4⑴JWhyhasmylifebecomesohard?What'swrongwiththeworld?,,ThenIpulledoverthebustodropoffalittlegirl.Asshepassed,she5(hand)meaprettyearring,sayingshefounditonthefloorofthebusandIshouldkeepitincasetheownercametolookforit.Intheeveningtheownerdidcometolookforherearring.WhenIgaveittoher,shegotveryexcitedandsaid6(excited),“Thanks,youarearealgentleman.MItoldherthatsheshouldthankthelittlegirl7hadfoundit.Shesaid,“Yes,andyouareagooddriver,too.What8lovelyworlditis!”Thensheleftwithsatisfaction.19(louch)byherwords.Ihadthoughtsomethingwaswrongwiththeworldjustbecauseofmypoorcondition.1()fact,nothingwaswrongwiththeworld.Ishouldchangemyattitudetowardslife...9.10.答案：1.times2.satisfying3.driving4.myself5.handed6.excitedly7.that/who8.a9.wastouched1().In解析：1.表示“一段时期”时,lime为可数名词。.空处做定语修饰job,表示“令人满意的”，故填形容词satisfyingo.while引导的状语从句中省略了主语和系动词，完整结构为“whileIwasdrivingihrough…”，主语I与drive之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。.此处表示“不断地问自己”，故用反身代词myself。.根据上下文可知，此处叙述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。.修饰谓语动词said,应用副词，故填excitedlyo.先行词为“thelittlegirl”,定语从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词that或者who引导定语从句。.此处泛指“一个美好的世界”，故用不定冠词ao.根据语境可知，此处用一般过去时，主语I与louch之间为被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。lO.infact事实上，为固定短语。V.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Haveyoueverseenacarwithoutadriver?Itsoundscrazy,butthesecomputer-drivendriverlesscarswillsoonbefillingroadsnearyoupanicslikeGoogleandTeslahavebeendesigningandtestingthesecars,andthetechnologyisthere.Sohow?Thecarshavesensorsallaroundwhichcanfindothercarsandobjectsintheroad.Roadsignsarereadbycameras,ands。2〃万e〃。讨所sys/e〃双卫星导航系统)areusedsothecarknowshowtogetwhereyouwanttogo.Allyouhavetodoistypeintheaddress!Finally,acentralcomputersystemtakesinalltheinformationthatitreceivesfromthesensorsandcamerasandworksoutwhentospeedup,stopandturn.Soundlikeyourideaofheaven?Sittingback,lookingoutofthewindowsandevenwatchingafilmorreadingabookwhile“driving"wouldbepossiblewiththisnewtechnology.Youwouldn'thavetoworryaboutrememberingdirectionstowhereyou'regoing.Inaddition,computerswouldalsodrivemoresafelythanpeople-theywouldobeytherulesandhavequickeractiontimeswhenindangeroussituations.However,therearemanydrawbacksofdriverlesscarsputerswouldhavedifficultiesmaking（道德的）decisions:ifachildranintotheroad,wouldthecomputerchoosetohitthechildorturnsuddenlyandpotentiallykillthecar'spassengers?Moreover,Ipersonallyfinddrivingfun一I'dmissneverdrivingacarmyself.Therewouldalsobemanyotherdecisionstobemade—shouldchildren,ordrunkpeople,beallowedinadriverlesscarbythemselves?Orwouldthereneedtobeapersonwithadrivinglicenseinthecaralllimes?I'mnotcertainI'dwantadriverlesscar-butit'sonlyamatteroftimebeforethey'llbecomemoreaffordableandpopularonourroads.答案：Onepossibleversion:Acarwithoutadriversoundscrazy,butthesecarswillsoonbefillingroads.Thecarshavesensorsallaroundwhichcanfindothercarsandobjectsintheroadputerswouldalsodrivemoresafelythanpeople.However,therearemanydrawbacksofdriverlesscarsputerswouldhavedifficultiesmakingethicaldecisions.10.（2019•天津卷改编）Tomanypeople,technologymeanscomputers,hand-helddevices,orvehiclesthattraveltoplanets.答案：distantH.完成句子.从这层意义上看.你的未来取决于你的态度。,yourfuturedependsonyourattitude.答案：Inthissense.你能否预测下一个流行词是什么？Canyouwhatisthenextpopularword?答案:predict.工作人员说服大家在特殊时期待在家里。Workerspeopleathomeinthespecialperiod.答案：persuaded;tostay.这些可获得的新产品在市场上很受欢迎。Thesenewproductsareinthemarket.答案:available;popular.高效的工作方法使得这家公司快速发展。Theworkmethodmakesthecompanyfast.答案:efficient;developin.翻译句子.这些严格的措施将使居民安全。答案:Thesestrictmeasureswillkeepresidentssecure..你的日常爰好会让你放松。答案：Yourdailypreferencewillmakeyourelax..智能房子将能阻止严重的损失。答案：Smarthouseswillbeabletopreventseriousdamage..即使你的朋友生活在遥远的地方，你依然可以每天和他们联系。答案：Evenifyourfriendsliveintheremoteplaces,youcanstillkeepintouchwiththem..老人们经常提倡简单的生活。答案：Theoldpeopleoftenadvocateasimplelife..政府说服人们采取严格措施以保护自己。答案：Thegovernmentpersuadedpeopletotakestrictmeasurestoprotectthemselves..他什么也没说就离开.这使得他的父母很担心。答案：Heleftwithoutsayinganything,makinghisparentsworried..按照指令，你将发现很容易进入这个系统。答案：Followingtheinstruction,youwillfinditeasytoenterthesystem..如果你掌握了一门外语,你将获得更多机会。答案：Ifyouhaveagoodcommandofaforeignlanguage,youwillgetmoreopportunities..这栋建筑结合了传统思想和现代价值观。答案：Thebuildinghascombinedtraditionalthoughtandmodernvalue.IV.组句成篇大家公认的是这些可获得的信息是高效研究的结果。从某种意义上看.说服大家一起努力工作显然有助于这个项目。大家预测下一个项目也会进展快速。答案：Onepossibleversion:Il'sacknowledgedthattheinformationavailableistheresultofefficientresearch.Inasense,persuadingpeopletoworkhardtogetherisapparentlyhelpfultotheproject.It'spredictedthatthenextprojectwilldevelopfast.学科素养提升I.阅读理解（2020.陕西咸阳高一质检）（青春期）isanimportanttimeforgrowingstrongbones.That'sespeciallytruebetweentheagesof10and14forgirls,and12to16forboys.Buthowstrongsomeone'sbonesbecomedependsonhowactivethepersonhasbeenduringthoseyears,accordingtoanewstudy.LeighGabelledthenewstudy.Sheisabone-healthresearcherinCanadaattheUniversityofBritishColumbiainVancouver.Herteamstudiedthephysicalactivityofover30（）studentsagedfrom9to20fromlocalschoolsoverthecourseoffouryears.Foraweekeachyear,thestudentsworesmall力口速度计）aroundtheirwrists.Theyrecordedeachup-and-downmovementandhowstrongthosemovementswereandhowlongthepersonstayedactive.Thenattheendofthefouryears,theresearchersexaminedeachstudent'slegandwristbonestolearnabouttheirbonestrength.Largerbonesareusuallystronger.Theresearchersalsoexaminedthepores（气孔）,orspaces,insidethosebones.Allboneshavesuchspaces.Butstrongerboneshavefewerporesandsmallerones.Theteamthencomparedthebonestrengthofthestudentswhohadatleast60minutesofactivityperdaywiththosewhodidn'tmanageeven30minutesofsuchexercisedaily.Thcyalsocomparedthelegandwristbonesofthemostactive75orsostudentswiththeleastactive75.Afterfouryears,themostactivegrouphadbonesthatwere8percentstrongerthantheleastactivegroup.“Eightpercentmattersalot/'saysGabel."Itcouldmakethedifferencebetweenbreakingabonedowntheroadornot.Whenolderadultswithweakbonesbreaktheirlegsjheycanendupinawheelchair.Ifitisserious,somewillneverbeabletowalkagainwithoutassistance.”l.Whywereaccelerometersusedinthestudy?A.Tolearnaboutthestudcnts,lifestyles.B.Tomakestudentsmovemorequickly.C.Toknowhowactiveeachstudentwas.D.Torecordthetimesstudentsbentthewrists.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二句"Theyrecordedeachup-and-downmovementandhowstrongthosemovementswereandhowlongthepersonstayedactive.”以及下文的描述可知，使用加速度计的目的是记录学生的活跃程度,以便分析和研究学生的骨头强度和每天的运动量之间的关系。.Whichofthefollowingbonesarethestrongestaccordingtothetext?A.Largeboneswithsmallpores.B.Largeboneswithmanypores.C.Smallboneswithbigpores.D.Smallboneswithoutspace.答案：A解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Largerbonesareusuallystronger.”和“Butstrongerboneshavefewerporesandsmallerones.”可知、大的骨头一般更强壮，强壮的骨头气孔少而且小，所以选Ao.WhatcanwelearnfromGabel'swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Weakbonesleadtothedifficultyinwalking.B.Weakbonesincreasetheriskofgellingbroken.C.Theleastactive75studentsmayfallilleasily.D.Themostactive75studentswillneverbreaktheirbones.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Itcouldmakethedifference...Whenolderadultswithweakbonesbreaktheirlegs,theycanendupinawheelchair.”可知，骨头强度的差别可以产生巨大的差别,骨头强度弱的老人如果摔伤腿，可能会坐轮椅。也就是说，脆弱的骨头增加了骨折的风险。.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.BeingActiveHelpsStayHealth.StrongBonesAreImportantfortheOldC.ActiveTeensBuildStrongBonesforLifeD.Students'PhysicalConditionsAreNotGood答案：C解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，成年人骨头的硬度取决于青春期的活跃程度。换句话说，精力充沛、好运动的青少年其实是在为自己的一生强健骨骼。故C项能概括文章的内容。H.七选五（2020・湖南郴州高一质检）StayontheBrighterSideofLifeOneveryimportantcomponentofoptimismisgratitudeorfeelinggrateful.Infact,thereisastrongconnectionbetweenagratefulattitudeandaheightenedsenseofwell-being.Appreciateallthepositivesinyourlifebystartingagratitudejournalinordertorememberwhatyou'regratefulfor._1Feelingdown?Insteadoffeelingsorryforyourselfwaitingfortheuniversetothrowyouabone,tryactinglikeyou'rehappy-evenifyouaren't.Asinceresmileandaforcedsmilecausethesamechemicalreactionsinyourbrain,soyoucanactuallyfoolyourmindintofeelingitreactchemicallyasifthingsweregoingwell.2Reassureyourselfthateverythingisgood-evenifyoudon'tfeelit.“3Ifyou'restuckintraffic,theneverythingelsemustbegoinghorriblytoo,“saysAnneParker,awellnesscounselor.Byblowingnegativeeventsoutofproportion,yousettingyourselfupforfeelingdownallday.Instead,acknowledgethatyou'restuckintraffic,butalsobringtomindsomethinggood,likethebeautifulsceneryoutsidethewindow.Thatway,you'llgetinthehabitofforbiddingnegativecircumstancesfromblanketingyourwholeday.Swearingtolose20poundsortorunamarathonseemslikegoalsleadingtohappiness,buttheytaketimetoachieve.4Youmayevenendupadmittingthatyouhavebeendefeated.However,ifyoufocusonthesmallmilestonesthatoccuralongtheway,youwillfeelpositiveaboutyourprogress,whichwillgiveyouthestrengthtokeepgoing.5Trymakingsomeoneelse'sdaybetter.AreportbyUnitedHealthcareandVolunteerMatchfoundthatvolunteersare72%morelikelytocharacterizethemselvesasoptimisticcomparedwithnon-volunteers.Plus,89%ofvolunteerssaythatvolunteeringhasimprovedtheirsenseofwell-being,and92%saythatitenrichestheirsenseofpurposeinlife..5.A.Trytohelpsomeoneinneed.B.Wanttogiveyourattitudealift?C.Peopletendtothinkinaneither-orway.D.Actinanoptimisticway—smile,laugh,tellajoke.E.Youllfailtoappreciatemoreimportantthingsinyourlife.F.Byfocusingonnothavingaccomplishedthemyet,youwillstarttofeeldownonyourself.G.Byrememberingthepleasantthingsinyourlife,youcanactuallyturnanegativeattitudearound.答案：1.G2.D3.C4.F5.B解析：1.根据第一段尤其是空格前的“Appreciateallthepositivesinyourlifebystartingagratitudejournal”可知要记住一些愉快的事来获得幸福感，与G项信息一致。.第二段讲到即使有不愉快的事，也可以通过调整心态来获得愉悦感,同时结合空格后面的“Reassureyourselfthateverythingisgood”可知,D项符合上下文。.根据空格后的"Ifyou'restuckintraffic,theneverythingelsemustbegoinghorriblytoo”可知人们在遇到不愉快的事时，应学会选择心态，与C项的意义相呼应。.根据此空后一句"Youmayevenendupadmittingthatyouhavebeendefeated.”可知,F项中的“focusingonnothavingaccomplishedthem”与其呼应。.结合本题的位置和后面“Trymakingsomeoneclsc'sdaybetter.”可知，此处表示提升幸福感的方法，就是做志愿者帮助别人，与B项意义一致。ni.完形填空(2020•云南昆明高一期末)ThemomentIsteppedofftheplaneafterawriter'sconference,myyoungestsonJeremygreetedmeandcriedout,“PosterpaperMama!Ineedposterpaper.We^ehavinga1atschool.”Beingahousewifeandwriter,!feltlikenomatterhowhardItried,Icouldn'tkeepupwiththeneedsofmy2.Backathome,JeremykeptremindingmeoftheposterpapenbutIjustcouldn't3aminuteforit.Graduallythough,hebegantospeakmore4,almost5heweretalkingtohimself/'Maybehe'lljustforgetit,"Ithoughthopcfully.SoIputJeremy'srequestatthe6ofmylonglistofthingstodo.MythirddayhomeImanagedtotakefifteenminutestotypeanarticlewhenasmall7fellacrossmypaper.IknewwhoitwouldbebeforeI8.Jeremystoodquietlywatchingme.Oh,Lord,pleasedon'tlethimsayitagain.IknewwhathewantedbutIneededto9.1smiled1()atJeremyandkepttyping.He11forafewmoreminutes,thenturnedandwalkedaway.Ialmostdidn'thearhis12/"Competitionisovertomorrow,anyway.*'Thesmallfigurewalkingoutofmyroom,asilentvoicespokeurgentlytomyheart,“Gethimthatpapernow.,,"Let'sgotogetthepaper,Jeremy.^Hestopped,13andlookedatmein14."You'regoingtothestorejustfbrme?"I15.Suddenly,alookof16shotacrosshisface,erasin