2020年高考英语32阅读理解专题强化训练二十二解析版

2020高考英语【阅读理解】专题加强训练二十二Test1Followingthecrowdmaynotalwaysbeinaperson'sbestinterest.Butnewresearchsuggeststhatteenswhogetalongwiththeirfriendsmayenduphealthierasadults.Scientistshaveknownthatclosefriendshipshelpboosthealth.That'strueforbothteensandadults.ThefindinginspiredJosephAllen,apsychologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andhisteamtostudywhetherexperiencesduringteenyearswouldinfluenceadulthealth.Sotheyfollowed171teens,startingwhenthekidswerejust13.Theyinterviewedeachoneeveryyearforfiveyears,andalsospoketotheseteens'closestfriends,whoprovidedadditionalinformationaboutthequalityoftheirfriendships.Thesame171peoplewereinterviewedagainatages25,26and27.Thistime,thequestionssurveyedeachperson'soverallhealth.Whentheresearchersanalyzedthedata,theyfoundastrongconnectionbetweenateen'sbehaviorandadulthealth.Teenswhohadclosefriendsgrewuptobethehealthieradults.Whetherteensheldbacktheirfeelingsorexpressedthemtoclosefriendsalsoinfluencedlaterhealth.Thosewhoheldbacktheirfeelingsweremorelikelytobesickasadults.Theconnectionheldupevenafterthescientistsaccountedforotherpossibleinfluencesonhealth.Weight,familyincomeanddrugusewereallexamined.Sowerementalhealthissues，suchasanxietyanddepression.Andinthesepeople,suchotherfactorsdidnotexplainadulthealthaswellasteenfriendshipsdid.“Gettingalongwiththecrowdmayhavebenefits，”saysAllen,“buttherearealsodrawbacks.Teenswhoaremoreindependenttendtodobetteratschoolandwork.Andpeerpressuremayleadsomekidstoengageinriskybehavior,suchassmoking,drinkingorusingdrugs.Dealingwithitisanongoingchallenge，”Allenacknowledges.“Findingtherightbalanceisthekey.Teensshouldn'tloseheartfornotfindingthiseasy.”And,headds,“Parentsneedtobeunderstandingaboutthepressuresteensface.”1．Wherecanyouprobablyreadthispassage?A．Sciencefiction.B．Healthcolumn.C．Fashionmagazine.D．Entertainmentnewspaper.2．WecanlearnfromAllen'sstudythat

．A．manyotherfactorshaveagreaterinfluenceonadulthealththanteenfriendshipsB．mentalhealthissueshavenothingtodowithadulthealthC．thesame171teenswereinterviewedeachyearfrom13to27D．theteenswhocouldn'texpressthemselvesgrewuptobeunhealthier3．AccordingtowhatAllensaid,wecanknowthat．A．inordertodobetteratschool,teensshouldnotfollowthecrowdthoughit'schallengingforteenstodealwithpeerpressure,theyshouldnotgiveup．B．C．teenswillengageinsmoking,drinkingorusingdrugswhenfacingpeerpressureD．parentsshouldunderstandtheirteensandstopthemgoingwithfriends4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Thereisnothingbadforteenstofollowthecrowd.B．Closefriendshipsarethemostimportantforpeople'shealth.C．Teenfriendshipsmayhelpteensbecomehealthieradults.D．Adulthealthisonlyinfluencedbyteenfriendships.【解题导语】研究表示，与朋友较少或许没有朋友的青少年比较，有朋友的青少年在长大后更健康。自然，与朋友相处有时也有缺点。B解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍青少年时的友情对青少年景年后健康的影响。据此可知，本文属于健康知识类文章，故可判断，本文可能选自“健康专栏”。故

B项正确。2.D解析：细节理解题。依据第三段中的“Whetherteensheldback...sickasadults.”可知，青少年能否向他们的好朋友表达感情也会影响到其成年后的健康，那些压迫感情的青少年景年后很可能不健康。故D项正确。B解析：细节理解题。依据最后一段内容可知，与朋友相处使得青少年在成年后更为健康的同时也会带来不利影响，即四周同龄人带来的压力，这些压力会致使很多问题。解析Allen的话“Findingtherightbalanceisthekey.Teensshouldn'tloseheartfornotfindingthiseasy.”可以判断，青少年要应付这些压力，找到正确的平衡点是重点，不可以由于很难找到平衡点就心灰意冷。故B项正确。4.C解析：推理判断题。依据文章第一段第二句“Butnewresearchsuggeststhatteenswhogetalongwiththeirfriendsmayenduphealthierasadults.”可知，与朋友相处的青少年在成年后会更为健康。C项意为“青少年期间的友情会帮助青少年景为更为健康的成年人”，符合文章意思。故C项正确。Test2BornintheStateofNewYorkonMay14th,1984,MarkZuckerbergwasaninstantsuccess.Inhishighschoolyears,hewasconsideredoneoftopstudentsintheclass,beforemovingintothearts,sciences,andliterature,againpickinguphighmarksandreceivingacademicpraise.ItearnedhimadmissiontoHarvardUniversity.Asarebelliousyetrelativelyquietstudent,hecreatedawebsitecalledFacemashintheuniversity--aninstantlycontroversialwebsitethatencouragedstudentstorateeachotherbasedonappearance.Thesitewascontroversialforseveralreasons.Thefirstwasitsillegaluseofphotographs,whichtheuniversityandstudentstookissuewith.Thesecondwasitscontroversialnature--noteverystudentlikesbeingrankedbasedontheirappearance.Thethirdwasitshugeresourceuse--whileitwashostedonHarvardservers,itwasthemostpopularpageintheuniversity'sentirenetwork.Zuckerbergwassoonforcedtoshutthesitedown,butitspopularityandcontroversyhadmadehimconsideritsfuturepotential.HesoonturnedthesimplesiteintoapersonaloneforHarvardstudents,encouragingthemtonetworkwiththeirpeersatthecollege.Itwasthen,togetherwithhistwofriends,thattheylaunched“ThespreadtoothercollegesandgrewintoapublicservicethatanyonecouldaccessinFacebook”,whichimmediatelytheUnitedStates,whethertonetworkwithfriendsandfamily,ortoplaygames.Thecompanyhasbeencriticizedfrequently,nevertheless,Zuckerberghasremainedtruetohisinitialvision--tocreateawebsitethattheentireworldcanusetocommunicateopenlyandeasilywithoneanotherandtokeeptheuserexperiencecleanandpure.Theendresultisoneoftheworld'sbiggestonlinebusinesses.Althoughitstruevalueisdebatable,it'ssafetosaythatFacebook,anditscreatorMarkZuckerberg,aretwoofthetwenty-firstcentury'smostinfluential,controversial,andpotentiallypowerfulfigures.1．WhatcanweknowaboutMarkZuckerbergwhenhewasastudent?A．Hewasoftenpraisedbyteachersforthewebsitehecreated.B．Hehadgoodacademicperformance.C．HealonecreatedawebsitecalledFacebook.D．Heencouragedstudentstosetupbusinesslikehim.2.WhydidZuckerbergshutthesitedown?A．Becausehiswebsitewasnotpopular.B．Becausehewasdoubtedforthewayheusedphotographs.C．Becauseheneededtimetoreconsiderhischoice.D．BecausehestoleresourceonHarvardserver.3．WhichwordscanbestdescribeZuckerberg?A．Easy-goingandsmart.B．Quietandshy.C．Talentedandoutgoing.D．Rebelliousandcreative.4．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．MarkZuckerbergandHisFacebookB．TheFoundationofFacebookC．ATalentfromHarvardUniversityD．TheDevelopmentofFacebook【解题导语】本文是一篇记述文。文章主要介绍了Facebook网站的首创人Zuckerberg创立网站的过程以及他努力战胜所遇困难的故事。1．B解析：细节理解题。依据第一段第二句“Inhishighschoolyears,hewasconsideredoneoftopstudentsintheclass,beforemovingintothearts,sciences,andliterature,againpickinguphighmarksandreceivingacademicpraise.”可知，

MarkZuckerberg

在学生期间就有优秀的学业表现。故B项正确。2.B解析：细节理解题。依据第三段第二句“Thefirstwasitsillegaluseofphotographs,whichtheuniversityandstudentstookissuewith.”可知，他封闭该网站的第一个要素就是照片的非法使用。故B项正确。3．D

解析：推理判断题。依据第二段中的“

Asarebelliousyetrelativelyquietstudent,hecreatedawebsite是一个反叛的学生，

而且在学生期间就创立了网站。

由此

Zuckerberg

可知，calledFacemashintheuniversity”可推知，Zuckerberg

是反叛的和有创立性的。故

D项正确。4．A解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了Zuckerberg的困难以及他努力战胜所遇困难的过程，A项合适作本文的标题。故Test3

在创立网站的过程中碰到A项正确。Scientistshaverecreateda1985studyofbirdsinPeruthatshowsclimatechangeispushingthemfromtheirnaturalenvironment.Thirtyyearsago,researchersstudiedover400kindsofbirdslivingonamountainsideinPeru.In2017,researcherslookedagainatthebirdpopulations.Theyfoundthatalmostallhadmovedtohigherplacesinthemountain.Almostallhaddecreasedinsize.And,thescientistssayatleasteightbirdgroupsthatstartedatthehigherelevations(高地)haddiedoutcompletely.Theresearcherssaythebirdsmighthavemovedupthemountainbecauseoftemperaturechanges.Orchangestofoodsourcesmayhaveforcedthemtogohigher.Thefindingswerepublishedinasciencejournal.The1985researchhasdocumentedbirdsandotheranimalsmovingupinelevationinreactiontowarmingtemperatures.MarkUrban,abiologistatauniversity,saidthisrecentstudywasthefirsttoprovethatrisingtemperaturesandmovingtoavoidthemcanleadtoextinction.In2016,Fitzpatrick,directorandaco-writerofthestudypassedhisnotes,photosandotherrecordstoBenjaminFreeman.Freemanhasbeenresearchingtropicalbirdsformorethan10years.HesetoutinAugustandSeptemberof2017tocopyFitzpatrick'sstudy.Histeamusedthesamemethods,searchingthesameplacesinthesametimeofyear.Freeman'steamwantedtoseehowthingshadchangedforthebirdgroupssince1985.Theaveragetemperaturesonthemountainhadrisen0.42degreesCelsius.Histeamplaced20soundrecordingdevicesonthemountaintorecordthesoundsofbirdsthatmightnoteasilybeseen.Freemansaidthatthebirdsmovedanaverageof98metersfurtherupthemountain.Hebelievesthattemperatureisthemaincauseofthebirds'movement.Fitzpatricknotedthatbirdsusedtolivinginareaswithlittletemperaturechangemaybeespeciallyatriskbecauseofclimatechange.Hesaid,“Weshouldexpectthatwhat'shappeningonthismountaintopishappeningmoregenerallyintheAndes,andothertropicalmountainranges.”1．HowmanykindsofbirdslivedinPeru30yearsago?A．Atleasteightbirdgroups.B．Morethan400.C．Overeightbirdgroups.D．Lessthan400.2．Whydidthebirdsmoveupthemountain?A．Toavoidtemperaturechanges.B．Tofindmorefoodsources.C．Toadapttoextremetemperature.D．Toreacttotheincreaseofotherkindsofanimals.HowdidFreemanandhisteamrecordthesoundofbirdsnoteasilybeingseen?．3．A．Theyhadthetemperaturerise0.42degreesCelsius.B．Theymovedanaverageof98metersfurtherupthemountain.C．Theyplaced20soundrecordingdevicesonthemountain.D．Theykeptonlisteningtothesoundhappeningonthismountaintop.4．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Twoteamsusedthesamemethodstodoresearches.B．Scientistsdocumentedbirdsandotheranimalsmovingupinelevation.C．Scientistshavebeenresearchingtropicalbirdsformorethan10years.D．RisingtemperaturecausessomebirdsinPerutobecomeextinct.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，温度上涨会让鸟类向海拔更高的地方迁移，而这会致使鸟类的灭绝。1．B解析：细节理解题。依据第一段第二句“Thirtyyearsago,researchersstudiedover400kindsofbirdslivingonamountainsideinPeru.”可知，在三十年前，有400多种鸟类生活在秘鲁。故正确答案为B。2．A解析：细节理解题。依据第二段第一句“Theresearcherssaythebirdsmighthavemovedupthemountainbecauseoftemperaturechanges.”可知，它们是为了避开温度的变化。故正确答案为A。3．C解析：细节理解题。依据第四段最后一句“Histeamplaced20soundrecordingdevicesonthemountaintorecordthesoundsofbirdsthatmightnoteasilybeseen.”可知，他们是经过在山上放置20个录音设施来记录那些不简单被看见的鸟类的声音的。故正确答案为C。4．D解析：要旨马虎题。依据全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究成就，即温度上涨会让鸟类向海拔更高的地方迁移，而这会致使鸟类的灭绝。D项表现了这项研究的结果，

归纳了本文的主要内容。故正确答案为

D。Test4Areyouaprocrastinator(迟延者)?It'sacommonproblem.Anditcanbeharmful,aspreviousresearchhasshownthatpeoplewhoprocrastinatehavehigherlevelsofstressandlowerwell-being,reportedtheAssociationforPsychologicalScienceintheUS.Butanewstudyhasfoundawaytodealwiththisproblem:Bemoreconnectedtoyourfutureself.Psychologiststhinkthateachpersonbelievesthattheyarereallytwopeople：“PresentMe”and“FutureMe”.“Peopleactasiftheyprefertheircurrentselves'needsanddesirestothoseoftheirfutureselves,”wrotepsychologistsNeilLewisandDaphnaOyserman.OysermanandLewisdecidedtotrytofindawaytomake“PresentMe”imagineexactlyhow“FutureMe”wouldfeelthenightbeforeabigpaperwasdue,though“PresentMe”hadn'tstartedyet.Theymade“PresentMe”thinkaboutafar-offeventanumberofdaysaway,notmonthsoryears.Thinkingabouteventsinthiswaymeantthatsomethinglikeafriend'sweddingseemed16.3dayssoonerwhenconsideredindaysratherthanmonthsand11.4monthssoonerwhenconsideredinmonthsratherthanyears.Theresearchersalsotriedtofindoutwhetherpeoplewouldtakeactionsooneriftheyweretoldacertaineventwashappeninginseveraldaysratherthanyears.Forexample,participantsimaginedtheyhadanewbornchild,andthatthechildwouldneedtogotocollegeineither18yearsor6，570days.Theresearchersfoundthoseinthe“days”conditionplannedtostartsavingfourtimessoonerthanthoseinthe“years”condition.Soifyouthinkofyourlifeindaysinsteadofyears,youmaygetthingsdonequicker.1．WhatdidOysermanandLewisintendtodothroughtheirstudy?A．Toworkonasolutiontotestifsomeoneisaprocrastinator.B．Tofindoutwhetherhumanbeingsusuallyhavetwodifferentcharacters.C．Todiscoverprocrastinator