化学专业英语课件

SpecialityEnglishforChemistry

—ChemistryandSocietyXianxiZhangTel.:8230680Email:TextbookFeaturesofSpecialityEnglishforChemistryStrategytostudySpecialityEnglishforChemistryCompositionsofthefinalscoresIntroductiontoSpecialityEnglishforChemistryEnhanceEnglishabilitiesthroughtranslationsMasterspecializedwordsduringreadingEnglishpapersWritingpracticeSpeakingpracticeFastreadingpracticeStrategytostudySpecialityEnglishforChemistryClassperformance:20scoresFinalexamination:80scoresCompositionsofthefinalscoresChemistryissuchabroad,all-encompassingareaofstudythatpeoplealmostdespairintryingtodefineit.Chapter1WhatisChemistry化学是一个如此广泛的、涵盖一切的学科领域，以至于人们在尝试给它下定义时几乎绝望了。encompass:[in’kʌmpəs],vt.包围，环绕despair:[dis’pɛə],n.&vi.绝望，失望Chemistryiswealldo.Webathe,clean,andcook.Weputchemicalsonourfaces,hands,andhair.我们每个人的活动都牵涉到化学。我们洗浴、做清洁、烹调食物。我们把一些化学制品用在脸上、手上和头发上。Collectively,weusetensofthousandsofconsumerchemicalproductsinourhomes.总起来说，我们在家庭中使用成千上万种消费化学品。Professionalsinthehealthandlifesciencesusethousandsofadditionalchemicalsasdrugs,antiseptics,orreagentsfordiagnostictests.保健和生命科学的专家们用各种各样的化学品作为药物、杀菌剂或诊断测试的试剂。antiseptic:[,ænti’septik]adj.防腐的,杀菌的n.防腐剂，杀菌剂reagent:[ri(:)’eidʒənt]n.反应物,试剂diagnostic:[,daiəɡ’nɔstik]adj.诊断的,判断的Thischemicalfactory--yourbodyalsogeneratesitsownenergy.Itdetectsitsownmalfunctionsandcanregenerateandrepairsomeofitscomponentparts.你的身体这个化工厂也产生它自己的能量。它发现自己的故障，并能够再生和修复它的一些零部件。malfunction:[mæl’fʌŋkʃən]n.故障,障碍Itsenseschangesinitsenvironmentandadaptstothesechanges.Withtheaidofaneighboringfacility,thisfabulousfactorycancreateotherfactoriesmuchlikeitself.它察觉环境中的变化并适应这些变化。在邻近设施的帮助下，这个神奇的工厂能够创造跟它自身非常相像的另外的工厂。fabulous:[‘fæbjuləs]adj.寓言般的,难以置信的,神奇的Everythingyoudoinvolveschemistry.Youreadthissentence,lightenergyisconvertedtochemicalenergy.Youthink,proteinmoleculesaresynthesizedandstoredinyourbrain.Allofusdochemistry.你所作的一切都牵涉到化学。你阅读这个句子，光能转化成了化学能。你思考，一些蛋白质分子就被合成并储存在你的大脑中。我们所有人都在从事化学。Chemistryhasilluminatedtheentirenaturalworld;fromthetinyatomicnucleustotheimmensecosmos.从微小的原子核到无垠的宇宙，化学给整个自然界以启迪。illuminate:[I’lju:mineit]vt.照亮;阐明;启迪nucleus:[‘nju:kliəs]n.(原子)核immense:[i’mens]adj.极大的,巨大的cosmos:[‘kɔzmɔs]n.宇宙Webelievethatknowledgeofchemistrycanhelpyou.Chemistrycanberelatedimmediatelytoproblemsandopportunitiesinthelifeandhealthsciences.我们相信化学知识能够帮助你。化学能够直接与生命和保健科学中的问题和机会联系起来。Andwebelievethatthiscanmakethestudyofchemistryinterestingandexciting,especiallytonochemists.我们也相信这会使化学的学习变得有趣和激动人心，特别是对非化学工作者。“pV=nRT”isanequation,butitisalsothebasisfortherespiratorytherapythathassaveduntoldlivesinhospitals.“pV=nRT”是一个方程式，但它也是在医院中挽救无数生命的呼吸疗法的基础。respiratory:[ris’paiərətəri]adj.呼吸的,呼吸用的therapy:[‘θerəpi]n.疗法“Hydrogenbonding”isachemicalphenomenon,butitalsohelpstoaccountforthefactthatadoghaspuppieswhileacathaskittensandahumanhashumanbabies.“氢键”是一个化学现象，但它还有助于说明一些事实的原因，比如狗生出的后代是小狗、猫生出的后代是小猫，而人类生出的后代仍然是人类。puppy:[‘pʌpi]n.小狗,幼犬kitten:[‘kitn]n.小猫Therearehundredsofsimilarfundamentalandinterestingapplicationsofchemistrytolife.化学在生活中还有许许多多类似的重要而又有趣的应用。Atpresentwecancontroldiabetes,curesomeformsofcancer,andpreventsomeformsofmentalretardationbecauseofourunderstandingofthechemistryofthebody.因为我们对身体中与化学相关问题有所了解，目前，我们能控制糖尿病，治疗一些癌症并能预防某些智力缺陷症。diabetes:[,daiə’bi:ti:z],n.糖尿病retardation:[,ri:tɑ:’deiʃən],n.延迟Wecan’tcurediabetesorcureallformsofcancerorallmentalretardation,becauseourknowledgeisstilllimited.由于我们的知识仍然有限，所以我们不能治愈糖尿病、所有癌症或智力缺陷。Appendix2SIUnitsPhysicalQuantityNameofUnitsSymbolLengthmetermMasskilogramkgTimesecondsTemperatureKelvinKAmountofsubstancemolemolElectriccurrentAmpereALuminousintensitycandelacdSIFundamentalUnitsTraditionalMetricandSIPrefixesFactorPrefixSymbolFactorPrefixSymbol1012teraT10-2centic109gigaG10-3millim106megaM10-6microμ103kilok10-9nanon102hectoh10-12picop101dekada10-15femtof10-1decid10-18attoa

DerivatedSIUnitsPhysicalQuantityNameofUnitSymbolDefinitionAreaSquaremeterm2VolumeCubicmeterm3DensityKilogrampercubicmeterkg·m-3ForceNewtonNkg·m·s-2PressurePascal