转态译法doc资料

转态译法

1.Definition

1).Conversion(bet.ActivesandPassives)—thechangefromtheactivevoiceintothepassivevoiceorviceversainE-CandC-Etranslationsoastomakethetranslatedversionconformwiththeidiomaticusageofthetargetlanguage.

转态译法—就是在翻译过程中把原文的被动语态转换成译文中的主动语态，或是把原文中的主动语态转换成译文中的被动语态。

2).主动句—适用于强调施动者，说明它的动作、行为所起的作用。

TheActiveStructure—astructurehavingasthesubjectthepersonorthingdoingtheaction.3).被动句—是主动句中处于宾语的受事者被提到主语位置上，强调被动者（受事）的被动地位和被动状态。句中有时带有被动意义的标记，有时却不带这种标记。ThePassiveStructure—astructureexpressinganactionwhichisdonetothesubjectofasentence.2.FeaturesofEnglishandChinesePassives1).PeculiaritiesofEnglishPassives(1).ThewideuseofthepassiveInthevastmajorityofcasesthechoiceofthepassiveinEnglishisduetooneofthefollowingreasons:A.Whentheactivesubjectisknownandneednotbementioned(施事已知不必言明）a).Visitorsarerequestedtowaitawhile.b).Themurdererwascaughtyesterday,anditissaidthathewillbehanged.凶手已于昨日被捕，据说他将会被绞死。B.Whentheactivesubjectisunknownorcannotbereadilystated.(施事未知或难以言明）a).Newfactoriesarebeingbuiltalloverthecountry.全国到处在兴建工场。b).Anotherbridgewillbebuiltovertherivernextyear.C.Whentheactivesubjectisself-evidentfromthecontext(施事从上下文中可以不言自明）a).Shetoldmethathermasterhaddismissedher.Noreasonhadbeenassigned;noobjectionhadbeenmadetoherconduct.Shehadbeenforbiddentoappealtohermistress.她告诉我，她的男主人已解雇了她。男主人没有讲明任何理由，对她的行为没有任何异议，也不许她向女主人申诉。b).Thetoastwasdulydrunk.D.Whentheactivesubjectisnotmentionedforsomespecialreasons(tactordelicacyof

sentiment)(使叙述显得圆通、得体，或为了表达某种微妙的情绪）a).Somethingshavebeensaidheretonightthatoughtnottohavebeenspoken.

今晚有人在此讲了些不该讲的话。E.Whenactivesubjectislessimportantthantheobject:a).Achildwasrunoverbyamotorcar.一个小孩被汽车轧了。F.Whentheactivesubjectisavoidedforstylisticdevices(toavoidincoherenceonaccountofshiftingconstruction)(出于造句的需要或修辞的考虑）a).Blackactuallylovedherandwaslovedinreturn.b).Languageisshaped

by,andshapeshumanthought.人的思想形成了语言，而语言又影响了人的思想。

c).Theceremonywasabbreviatedbyrain.因为下雨，仪式举行得很简短。(2).TheLargeVarietyofPassivePatterns

Passiveformsofthefiniteverbsin8tensescommonlyused;Passiveformsofthenon-finiteverbsandtheirperfecttense;A.PassiveformsoftheinfinitivesIwantthelettertobedispatchedatonce.B.Passiveformsoftheparticiples;You’llfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.

C.PassiveformsofthegerundsIhavethehonorofbeingelected.

D.Passiveformsofthesentencesledbypreparatory“it”;Itisconsideredashametocheatinexam.考试作弊是可耻的。E.Passiveformsoftheverbswithdoubleobjects;Hewasgivenaprize.F.Passiveformsoftheverbswithcomplexobjects;Theyneedn’tbekeptwaiting.G.Double-passiveforms;Thedateisexpected

tobeannouncedsoon.估计日期不久就会宣布。Thebookisannounced

tobepublished.H.Passivesenseinactiveform(pseudo-activityofthesubject)（形式主动，意义被动）a).Thesenewproductsselllikehotcakes.这些产品十分畅销。b).Theroomfilledrapidly.房间很快就挤满了。c).Thiskindofclothwashesverywell.这种布很经洗。d).Theclockwindsupattheback.这个钟在背面上发条。e).Theplanisworkingout.这项计划正在制定。I.Passivesenseconveyedinlexicalitemsorwordgroups(词汇手段表达被动意义）(1).Nouns

referee(=towhomaquestionisreferredto)受委托者hisastonishment(=hewasastonished)他感到惊讶theman’strial(=themanwastried)那个人受审问(2).Adjs.respectableeatable(3).Pre.Phrases

inone’spossession/inthepossessionofsomeoneundertheinfluence(ofalcohol)酒醉2).PeculiaritiesofChinesePassives

(1).TherareuseofthepassiveformChinesepassiveformsarerarelyusedunlesstheyexpressderogatory(orsometimes,commendatory)meaning.Followingisabriefsummaryofthosecaseswherethepassiveformsareused:A.Denoteanactionundesirableorunpleasant(不如意)被：被捕bearrested，被俘:becaptured让：让人摆布beorderedabout给：给某人逼走bedrivenawaybysomeone叫：叫人说的一文不值:besaidtobenotworthafarthing

挨：挨骂:getascolding/adressingdown受：受骗:bedeceived,受伤：bewounded为…所，被…所，让…给她被花言巧语所陶醉。SheisintoxicatedwithsweetwordsB.Denoteanactiondesirableorpleasant(如意)受：受欢迎:bewelcome,受表扬:bepraised被：被评为先进工作者:bemadeanadvancedworkerC.Denoteaneutersense由：时间由他决定。Thetimewillbedecidedbyhim这本书由三人合译。Thisbookwasjointlytranslatedbythreepersons.

为…所：这已为该组织所接受。ThishasbeenacceptedbytheOrganization.(2).Thewideuseofactiveformstoexpressthepassivesense

InChinesealmostnodifferencecanbeseeninformbet.theactiveandthepassive,noinflexionoftheverb,notranspositionofthesubject,evennopassivelabel“被“andthelikebeforetheverb.ManyChineseverbsareactiveinformbutpassiveinsense,i.e.thereisdisagreementbetweenthesyntacticandnotionalactiveorpassive.Herearesomebasicpatternsinwhichactiveformsareusedtoshowpassivesense.Pattern1:O+(被)+（S）+V1)、问题解决了。Theproblemhasbeensolved.2)、困难可以克服。Difficultiescanbeovercome.3)、会议延期了。Themeetingwaspostponed.4)、工作完成了。Theworkhasbeenfinished.Pattern2:O+(被)+（S）+V+M1)、地图挂在墙上。Amapishungonthewall.2)、树栽在街道两旁。Treesareplantedonbothsidesofthestreets.3)、沙发摆在客厅里。Sofasareplacedinthesitting-room.

4)、字写在黑板上。Wordsarewrittenontheblackboard.Pattern3:M+V+O1)、客厅里摆着沙发。Inthesitting-roomareplacedsomesofas.2)、窗户上贴着纸蝴蝶。Onthewindow-paneispastedapaperbutterfly.3)、街道两旁栽着树。Onbothsidesofthestreetareplantedtrees.Pattern4:O+（是）+S+(M)+V+的（判断句）1)、这些产品是我国生产的。Theseproductsaremadeinourcountry.2)、风速是用秒米表示的。Thespeedofwindismeasuredinmeterspersecond.3)、万物都是原子构成的。Allthingsaremadeupofatoms.Pattern5:O+M+加以/予以+V1)、这个问题将在下一章加以讨论。Thisquestionwillbediscussedinthenextchapter.2)、这必须在适当的时候予以处理。Thismustbedealtwithatan/theopportunetime/moment.3)、这个词必须予以特别注意。Thewordmustbepaidspecialattentionto.Pattern6:(M)使/把/将+O+(M)+V+M（无主句）1)、必须使温度很快从室温升至摄氏125度。Temperatureshouldbechangedfromroomtemperatureto125C.2)、不要故意把这些问题混在一起。Thesequestionsshouldnotbemixedup.

3)、用这个方法把油与水分开。Oilmustbeseparatedfromwaterbythismethod.

C.passivesinthefollowingsituations:1).Whenactivesubjectislessimportantthantheobject

(强调受事，突出被动状态）a).“财神爷”这个词，不是我的用语，是农民的发明。(《邓小平文选》第三卷）Thatterm,the“GodofWealth”,wasinventednotbymebutbythefarmers.b).譬如罢，我们之中的一个青年，因为祖上的阴功（姑且我这么说罢），得了一所大宅子，且不问他是骗来的，抢来的，或合法继承的，或是做了女婿换来的。（鲁迅《拿来主义》）Supposeoneofourpooryouths,thankstothevirtueofsomeancestor(ifImaybepermittedtosupposesuchathing),comesintopossessionofalargehouse—nevermindwhetherobtainedbytrickery,force,lawfulinheritanceormarriageintoawealthyfamily.c).这是虽在北方的风雪的压迫下却保持倔强挺立的一种树。(茅盾《白杨礼赞》)Thistreeremainsstubbornlyerectevenwhencrushedbythewindandsnowofthenorth.2)Whentheactivesubjectisnotmentionedforsomereasons(tactordelicacyof

sentiment)(因种种原因，不出现或无须说明施事者）a).如果工程是在人们的眼皮子底下进行，今天加一尺，明天高五寸；人来人往，满地乱砖泥水，最后工程结束时人们也会跟着舒口气，觉得这乱糟糟的局面总算有了了结。(《围墙》)Iftheconstructionhadbeencarriedoutunderone’sveryeyes—addingafoottodayandsixinchestomorrow,withpeoplecomingandgoingandthegroundlitteredwithbricksandplaster,whenitwasfinallyfinishedeveryonewouldhavefeltagreatsenseofreliefthatthechaoswasover.b).黑暗是一秒钟一秒钟地淡了,但是它还留下了一个网。山啦，树啦，河啦，田啦，房屋啦，都罩在它的网下面。（《月夜》）Secondbysecondthedarknessfaded,butitstillwasanetthatcoveredeverything.Themountains,thetrees,theriver,thefields,thehouses—allwereenmeshedinit.

3).Whenthepassivevoiceisusedforstylisticdevices(toavoidincoherenceonaccountofshiftingconstruction)（使句子结构匀称，文气连贯）a).他在全盛时期极孚众望，无论富人还是穷人都用同样敬重他。Inhisday,heenjoyedtremendouspopularityandwasadoredbyboththerichandthepoor.b).英语语法课时，我们上冠词的用法，然后做了一些练习。InthehourofEnglishgrammar,weweretaughttheusageofthearticleandthendidsomeexercisesaboutthem.c).她出现在台上，观众报以热烈的掌声。Sheappearedonthestageandwaswarmlyapplaudedbytheaudience.4).ThepassivevoiceisusedinsomeChineseidiomsoractivestructureswithgenericpersons(某些习惯用语或泛指人称为主语的主动句）a).大家忽然听到了防空警报，急忙寻找掩护。Theairraidsirensweresuddenlyheardtowarnpeopletotakeshelter.b).可以有把握地说，会议会如期召开的。Itmaybesafelysaidthatthemeetingwillbeheldonschedule.

5).Thepassivevoiceisusedforpoliteness

（语气委婉，措辞礼貌）

a).请您为大家表演个节目。Youarerequestedtogiveaperformance.6).Thepassivevoiceisusedforexpressivenessandvividness(借助英语的一些固定搭配或词组）a).有经验者不易上圈套。Anoldbirdisnottobecaughtwithchaff.b).他得意忘形。Hewaslostinexhilaration.c).他天生适合做水手。Heiscutoutforasailor.7).Insomeactivestructureswithapassivesense

(含有被动意义的主动句）a).这个问题必须马上解决，否则会贻误工期。Thisproblemhastobesolvedimmediately,orwilldelaytheschedule.3.

Conversionbet.ActivesandPassivesinE-CTranslation

1).E.

PassivesintoC.Actives(英被动—汉主动）A.Originalsubjectsunchanged(原主语不变）a).Resultslipsfortheputonghuaproficiencytestwillbeissuedtothetesterstomorrow.普通话水平考试成绩单将于明天发给考试者。b).Suchliquidfuelrockets

asarenowbeingusedforspaceresearchhavetocarrytheirownsupplyofoxygen.像现在用于宇宙研究的这类液态燃料火箭，必须自己携带氧气。c).Ifoilisstruck,acoverisfirmlyfixedtothetopoftheoilpipeandtheoilisallowedtoescapethroughaseriesofvalves.如发现/钻到石油，则在油管顶部紧固地加盖，让石油通过一系列阀门流出。

B.Originalsubjectsintoobjects（主语—宾语）

a).Bytheendofthewar900people

hadbeensaved

bytheorganization,butatthecostofover200BelgianandFrenchlives.大战结束时，这个组织救出了900人，但那900人是以200多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。b).Ifbadweatherisexpected,theforecastermustbeabletosuggestanotherairportwithintherangeoftheaircraftwheretheweatherwillbesuitableforlanding.如果预计天气恶劣，天气预报人员必须能够在该飞机航程内提出另一个天气适合着陆的机场。c).Duringthevisit,extensive,earnestandfrankdiscussionswereheldbetweenthetwoleaders.在访问期间，双方领导人进行了广泛、真诚和坦率的交谈。d).Anationallink-upofcomputerscouldmeanthatalargeamountofinformation

willbesuppliedtoanyonewhousesthesystem.把全国的电脑连接起来意味着可以向任何使用该系统的人提供大量信息。e).Sluggishnessintheeconomycannotbeexplainedbycyclicalfactors;weneedstructuralchanges.

周期性因素并不能解释经济停滞不前的原因；我们需要进行经济结构改革。C.Passivesintothepredicativeverb“是”（英被动—汉判断句）a).Scienceisdiscoveredbyaprocessofinquiry,observation,andexperiment.

科学的道理是通过询问、观察、实验这样一个过程发现的。b).Howcanaseriesofmotionless,orstill,picturesbeblendedonascreentoproducemotionpictures?

一组不动的即静止的图片是怎样在银幕上连到一起合成电影的呢？D.Addinganindefinitesubject

(添加适当的主语，如“有人，人家，人们，大家，众人，我们，人，本文”等)

a).Toexplorethemoon’ssurface,rocketswerelaunchedagainandagain.为了探测月球的表面，人们一次又一次地发射火箭。b).VitaminCismuchmorethanjustatonicforresistingcolds.Itisknown

toplayanimportantroleinthepreventionofcancerandthepromotionofahealthyheartandvascularsystem.维生素C绝不仅仅是可以御寒的补药。人们还知道，维生素C在防癌和促进心脏以及脉管系统的健康方面也起着重要作用。E).E.passivesintoC.subjectlesssentences

(英被动句—汉无主句)

a).

Therefore,

effectivemeasuresshouldbetakentocontrolthesizeofcitiessothattheycangrowhealthilyandsteadily.因此，应采取有效措施控制城市规模，让城市健康平稳地发展。b).Theunpleasantnoisemustbeimmediatelyput

toanend.

必须立即终止这种讨厌的噪音。c).Attentionhasbeenpaidtoeffectivemeasurestopreventcorruption.

已经注意到采取有效防腐措施。

d).Priorityshouldbegiventoimprovethequalityoftheproducts.

应注重提高产品质量。e).Effortsshouldbemadetoproceedfromreality,totakemeasuressuitedtolocalconditionsandtogiveguidancetailoredtothesituationandplancarefully.

要坚持从实际出发，因地制宜，分类指导，搞好规划。

F).E.ActivesintoC.Passives(英主动—汉被动)a).Thegovernmenthasvowedtosweepallshoddyandfakegoodsofftheshelves.Inaddition,stiffpenaltiesloom

forcounterfeits.政府发誓将假冒伪劣商品彻底清除出货架。此外，假冒伪劣商品生产厂家将受到严厉处罚。

b).Single-sexschoolsarelosingouttoco-educationalinstitutions.单一性别的学校越来越不受欢迎，正被男女混合的学校所取代。c).Thesaleofassetsbytherailwaycompanycouldwellkillaproposeddealforjointoperationswitharoadhaulagefirm.这家铁路公司出售资产，完全有可能使其与一家公路运输公司拟议的联合经营协议被取消。2).KeepingthePassiveStructureUnchanged（英被动—汉被动）

A.RenderingintoChinesebyusing“被…”or“给…”a).Ifthescheme

isapproved,workontheprojectwillstartimmediately.如果方案被批准，这项工程将立即动工。b).Partofthelightmaybereflected,absorbedortransmittedbythethingorobjectthatcomesintoitsway.一部分的光或全部的光可能被（给）挡住其去路的东西或物体所反射、吸收或透射。B.RenderingintoChinesebyusing“遭…”or“受…”

a).

Everyonewasfedupwithhergossip.人人都受够了她的流言蜚语。b).Hewassetuponbytwomaskedmen.他遭到了两个蒙面男子的袭击。c).Hewaspolicedbythebosses’cops.他受到老板雇用的警察的监督。C.RenderingintoChinesebyusing“为…所…”

a).Suchconductwillbelookeddownuponbyallwithasenseofdecency.这种行为将会为一切有良知的人所蔑视。b).IwassoimpressedbythesewordsthatIusedthemlaterforaChristmascard.我为这些话所深深感动，后来我把它们写在圣诞贺卡上。

D.RenderingintoChinesebyusing把”or“使”or“由”(译成“把”、“使”和“由”句)a).Goodyear,anAmerican,hadbeentryingforyearstofindawayinwhichrubbercouldbemadehard,non-sticky,andyetelastic.

有一个叫古德伊尔的美国人一直在努力寻找一种方法把橡胶做得硬而不粘，但是却有弹性。b).Thetimewillcomewhenhomeswillbeheatedfromasmallreactorinthebasement.有朝一日家庭将由安装在地下室的小反应堆供热。F.Thepassivevoicereplacedbyotherstructures（英被动—汉主动）a).Thevillageispopulatedbyabout15,000farmers.这个子里住着大约15000农民。b).Thenewswaspassedonbywordofmouth.众口相传，消息不胫而走。

c).Hisholidayafternoonswerespentinrambleaboutthesurroundingcountry.

每逢假日的下午，他总要漫游周围的乡村。d).Notonlypolitenessbutanattitudeofreverenceisdemandedinchurch.在教堂里，人们不仅要有礼貌，而且应该有一种虔诚的态度。e).Shewasdeliveredofaboy.她生了一个男孩。f).Hehasbeenweddedtotranslation.他已与翻译结下了不解之缘。g).hefactoryisunderstaffedbyskillfulworkers.该工厂缺乏熟练工人。h).TheChineseTableTennisTeamalsovisitedaManhattanpublicschool,delightingthepupilsandbeingdelightedbythem.(China·U.S.·TableTennis”)中国乒乓球队还访问了曼哈顿的一所公立学校。队员们和学生们都为这次见面感到高兴。4.Conversionbet.ActivesandPassivesinC-ETranslation

1).C.sentenceswithpassivelabels（有被动标记)“被”、“受”、“遭”、“给”、“让”、“挨”、“叫”、“为…所”、“加以”、“予以”……A.C.PassivesintoE.Actives（汉被动—英主动）

a).他被吓得坐了起来。Hestartedtositup.b).天太冷，水管都给冻住了。Itwassocoldthatthepipe

froze.c).他们将冲决一切束缚他们的罗网，朝着解放的路上迅跑。一切帝国主义、军阀、贪官污吏、土豪劣绅，都将被他们葬入坟墓。（《毛泽东选集》第一卷）Theywillsmashallthetrammelsthatbindthemandrushforwardalongtheroadtoliberation.Theywillsweepalltheimperialists,warlords,corruptofficials,localtyrantsandevilgentryintotheirgraves.

B.C.PassivesintoE.Passives(汉被动—英被动)

a).窗上的玻璃叫那个孩子打破了，他一定要挨骂的。Thewindowpanewasbrokenbythechild;hewillcertainlybescolded.b).社会主义思想体系已为全国人民所接受。Socialistideologyhasbeenacceptedthepeopleofthewholecountry.c).整个地区为热带、亚热带森林所覆盖，气候独特。Thewholeareaiscoveredbytropicalaswellassubtropicalforestandhasuniqueclimate.d).社会上行行色色的人物，被区分得一清二楚。Peopleofallsortsinoursocietyhavebeenclearlyrevealedforwhattheyare.

e).人生的道路虽然漫长，但紧要处常常只有几步，特别是当人年轻的时候。（柳青：《创业史》）Althoughtheroadoflifeislong,itsmostimportantsectionsareoftencoveredinonlyafewsteps,esp.whenapersonisyoung.

C.SpecialChineseActives

(特殊类型的主动句）（汉主动—英主动：似是主动，但其谓语动词多为不及物动词和某些特殊用法的动词）

a).

这酒口感不错，与价格相称。Thiswinedrinkswellforitsprice.b).白台布容易脏。Thewhitetableclothstainseasily.c).这种食物不好消化。Thefoodwon’tdigestwell.

2).C.sentenceswithoutpassivelabels(没有被动标记)

Suchsentencesappearactiveinstructure,butactuallypassiveinmeaning,withtheirsubjectsbeinglogicalobjectsofthepredicateverbs.

A.C.ActivesintoE.Passives(汉主动句—英被动句)A).Keepingtheoriginalsubject（原主语不变）a).知识分子的问题就是在这样的基础上提出来的。Onsuchabasishasthequestionoftheintellectualsbeenraised.b).大米产于南方。RiceischieflygrownintheSouth.c).来宾请出示入场券。Visitorsarerequiredtoshowtheirtickets.d).晚上九点以后，长途话费可以减少50%。After9p.m.,thelong-distancetelephoneratecanbecutbyhalf.

B).Theobjectintothesubject

(原宾语—主语）a).一群人立刻把他围住了，向他提出了一个又一个的问题。Verysoonhewassurroundedbyacrowdandwassnowedunderwithquestions.b).我国各族人民每年都要热烈庆祝“十一”国庆节。NationalDayisenthusiasticallycelebratedonOct.1bytheChinesepeopleofallnationalitieseveryyear.c).中美已经建立了外交关系。DiplomaticrelationshavebeenestablishedbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates.

d).政府授权工商部门严厉取缔投机倒把活动。Departmentsinchargeofindustryandcommerceareauthorizedbythegovernmenttobanspeculationandprofiteering.C.SubjectlessC.StructuresintoE.Passives(汉无主句—英被动)a).必须加快现代企业制度建立，深化经济体制改革。Theestablishmentofamoderncorporatesystemmustbeacceleratedandeconomicrestructuringdeepened.

b).发现了错误，一定要纠正。Wrongsmustbecorrectedwhentheyarediscovered.c).清理并减少了行政审批事项

Administrativeproceduresforexaminationandapprovalwererectifiedandreduced.d).加强了政府决策科学化、民主化工作，对涉及群众利益的重大事项实行公示、听证等制度。Governmentdecisionmakingwasmademorescientificanddemocratic,andasystemofpublicnoticesandpublichearingsonmattersaffectingtheinterestsofthepeoplewasinstituted.

e).继续加强“三农”工作。28个省（区、市）全部免征了农业税，全国取消了牧业税。Workrelatedtoagriculture,ruralareasandfarmerswasfurtherintensified.Theagriculturaltaxwasrescindedin28provinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyunderthecentralgovernment,andthelivestocktaxwasrescindednationwide.f).体育事业取得新成绩。社会主义精神文明建设得到加强。Furthersuccesseswereachievedinthecountry'sathleticendeavors.Greatereffortsweremadetopromotesocialistculturalandideologicalprogress.

g).建设社会主义新农村，必须加强农村基础设施建设。要下决心调整投资方向，把国家对基础设施建设投入的重点转向农村……Inordertobuildanewsocialistcountryside,thedevelopmentofruralinfrastructuremustbeaccelerated,andworkneedstobedoneresolutelytoreorientinvestmentbyshiftingthegovernment'spriorityininfrastructureinvestmenttothecountryside…

h).如蒙早日寄来样品或产品册，不胜感激。Itwouldbeappreciatedifsamplesandbrochurescouldbesoonforwardedtous.i).通知学校全体老师下午聚会。Alltheteachersoftheschoolshallbetoldtoattendthegatheringthisafternoon.D).C.sentenceswithgenericsubjectsintoE.passives

(带泛指主语的汉主动句—英被动句)a).其实，大家心中都很清楚，即使在最繁荣时期，也总有人挨饿。Asamatteroffact,ithaslongbeenknownthatevenduringthemostprosperousperiodtherehasbeenpeoplewithoutenoughtoeat.

b).有人看见他趁着大家午睡时悄悄地溜出了房间。Hewasseentoslipoutofthehousewhentheotherswerehavinganafternoonnap.E).C.passivesintoE.actives

(汉被动—英主动)

a).有些贝壳被他们抢走了，我也不心痛，因为第二天，我又可以跑去海滩拾许多同样的回来。Theytakeawaysomeoftheshells,butIdon’tcareatall,forthenextdayIcanbringbackfromthebeachasmanyreplacements.

b).有些地方教师住房仍然不足，教育工作者的工资经常被拖欠。

Housingforteachersisstillinadequateinsomeareas,andteachers’payisofteninarrears.

F.SomeIdiomaticChineseExpressions

SomeC.expressionsmaybeputintoE.passivesinthepattern“Itbe+adj.(p.p)+thatclause”.a).今天下午有一场英语讲座，全体三年级学生请务必参加。TherewillbeanEnglishlecturethisafternoon.Allthethird-yearstudentsareexpectedtoattend.

b).中国拥有丰富的物质财富和精神财富，因而注定要在国际事务中发挥决定性的作用。China,whichaboundsinmaterialandculturalresources,isdestinedtoplayadecisiveroleininternationalaffairs.c).林教授精通好几门外语，他有资格在那种场合担任译员。Prof.Lin,whohasagoodcommandofseveralforeignlanguages,isqualifiedtobeaninterpreteronthatoccasion.d).有人说即将举行的六级考试很难，我们应当做好准备。

ItissaidthatthecomingBand6EnglishExamistoberatherdifficult,sowearesupposedtogetfullypreparedforit.A.PutthefollowingintoChinesea