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1988年Section StructureandIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoicesintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Iwascaught therainANSWER:[A]Ididn’tbuytheapples;shegavethemtome It’s mypowertomakefinaldecisiononthe[D]IshouldsayHenryisnot muchawriterasaIwon’tpay20forthecoat;it’snotworth allthatthatmuchthatallmuchallHedidn’tgointodetailonthesubject;hespoke ininininIt’struethattheoldroadislessdirectandabitlonger.Wewon’ttakethenew ,becausewedon’tfeelassafeonWhenyouareaboutthroughthestory ,trytomakeaguesshowtheplotwilldevelop.one-Thoughalreadyateenager,Peterstillfindsithardto hisfavoritepartpartpartpart cutcutcutcut
ernmentexpensestoaWhenataparty,besurenotto fromthewhotriestoengageyouinconversation.turnturnturnturnThesurvival ofsomewildanimalsisnotveryhighastheyareruthlesslyhuntedfortheirskins.Hewas admittancetothetheatrefornotbeingproperlyWhenIaskyouaquestion,Iexpecta Ifamanislegallyseparatedfromhiswife,ishestill forherAtthemeeting,Rolandargued infavoroftheSection ReadingEachofthethreepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(20points)Itdoesn’tcomeasasurprisetoyoutorealizethatitmakesnodifferencewhatyoureadorstudyifyoucan’trememberit.Youjustwasteyourvaluabletime.Maybeyouhavealreadydiscoveredsomecleverwaystokeepyourselffromforgetting.Onedependableaidthatdoeshelpyourememberwhatyoustudyistohaveaspecificpurposeorreasonforreading.Yourememberbetterwhatyoureadwhenyouknowwhyyou’rereading.Whydoesaclerkinastoregoawayandleaveyouwhenyourreplytoheroffertohelpis,“No,thankyou.I’mjustlooking”?Bothyouandsheknowthatifyouaren’tsurewhatyouwant,youarenotlikelytofindit.Butsupposeyousayinstead,“Yes,thankyou.Iwantapairofsunglasses.”Shesays,“Rightthisway,please.”Andyouandsheareoff--botheagertolookforexactlywhatyouwant.It’squitethesamewithyourstudying.Ifyouchoseabookatrandom,“justlooking”fornothinginparticular,youarelikelytogetjustthat--nothing.Butifyoudoknowwhatyouwant,andifyouhavetherightbook,youarealmostsuretogetit.Yourreasonswillvary;theywillincludereadingorstudying“tofindoutmoreabout”,“tounderstandthereasonsfor”,“tofindouthow”.Agoodstudenthasaclearpurposeorreasonforwhatheisng.Thisisthewayitworks.Beforeyoustarttostudy,yousaytoyourselfsomethinglikethis,“IwanttoknowwhyStephenVincentBenethappenedtowriteaboutAmerica.I’mreadingthisarticletofindout.”Or,“I’mgoingtoskimthisstorytoseewhatlifewaslikeinmedievalEngland.”Becauseyouknowwhyyouarereadingorstudying,yourelatetheinformationtoyourpurposeandrememberitbetter.Readingisnotonesingleactivity.Atleasttwoimportantprocessesgoonatthesametime.Asyouread,youtakeinideasrapidlyandaccuray.Butatthesametimeyouexpressyourownideastoyourselfasyoureacttowhatyouread.Youhaveakindofmentalconversationwiththeauthor.Ifyouexpressedyourideasorally,theymightsoundlikethis:“Yes,Iagree.That’smyopiniontoo.”or“Ummmm,Ithoughtthatrecordwasbrokenmuchearlier.I’dbettercheckthosedates,”or“Buttherearesomeelse,andthatsomethingelseisveryimportant.Thisadditionalprocessofthinkingaboutwhatyoureadincludesevaluatingit,relatingittowhatyoualreadyknow,andusingitforyourownpurposes.Inotherwords,agoodreaderisacriticalreader.Onepartofcriticalreading,asyouhavediscovered,isdistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions.Factscanbecheckedbyevidence.Opinionsareone’sownalreactions.Anotherpartofcriticalreadingisjudgingsources.Stillanotherpartisdrawingaccurateinferences.Ifyoucannotrememberwhatyoureadorstudy, itisnoitmeansyouhavenotreallylearneditmeansyouhavenotchosentherightyourealizeitisofnoBeforeyoustartreading,itisimportant tomakesurewhyyouaretorelatetheinformationtoyourtorememberwhatyoutochooseaninterestingReadingactivityinvolves onlytwosimultaneousprimarilylearningaboutideasandevaluatingthemmerelydistinguishingbetweenfactsandmainlydrawingaccurateAgoodreaderisonewho relateswhathereadstohisownknowledgeaboutthesubjectdoeslotsofthinkinginhistakesacriticalattitudeinhisisabletocheckthefactspresentedagainstwhathehasalreadyIfyouliveinalargecity,youarequitefamiliarwithsomeoftheproblemsofnoise,butbecauseofsomeofitsharmfuleffects,youmaynotbeawareoftheextentofitsinfluenceonhumanbehavior.Althougheveryonemoreorlessknowswhatnoiseis,i.e.,itissoundsthatonewouldrathernothear,itisperhapsbesttodefineitmorepreciselyforscientificpurposes.Onesuchdefinitionisthatnoiseissoundsthatareunrelatedtothetaskathand.Thusstimulithatatonetimemightbeconsideredrelevantwillatanothertimebeconsiderednoise,dependingonwhatoneisngatthemoment.Inrecentyearstherehasbeenagreatdealofinterestintheeffectsofnoiseonhumanbehavior,andconceptssuchas“noisepollution”havearisen,togetherwithmovementstoreducenoise.Exposuretoloudnoisescandefiniyproduceapartialorcompletelossofhearing,dependingontheintensity,duration,andfrequencycompositionofthenoise.Manyjobspresentnoisehazards,suchasworkinginfactoriesandaroundjetaircraft,drivingfarmtractors,andworking(orsitting)inmusichallswhererockbandsareplaying.Ingeneral,continuousexposuretosoundsofover80decibels(ameasureoftheloudnessofsound)canbeconsidereddangerous.Decibelvaluescorrespondtovarioussounds.Soundsaboveabout85decibelsmay,ifexposureisforasufficientperiodoftime,producesignificanthearingloss.Actuallosswilldependupontheparticularfrequenciestowhichoneisexposed,andwhetherthesoundiscontinuousorNoisecanhaveunexpectedharmfuleffectsonperformanceofcertainkindsoftasks,forinstance,ifoneisperformingawatchkeetaskthatrequiresvigilance,inwhichheisresponsiblefordetectingweaksignalsofsomekind(e.g.,watchingaradarscreenfortheappearanceofaircraft).Communicatingwithotherpeopleisunfavorablyaffectedbynoise.Ifyouhaveriddenintherearofajettransport,youmayhavenoticedthatitwasdifficulttocarryonaconversationatfirst,andthat,eventually,youadjustedtheloudnessofyourspeechtocompensatefortheeffect.Theproblemisnoise.Noisediffersfromsoundinthat itissoundsthatinterferewiththetaskbeingitisaspecialtypeoflouditisusuallyunavoidableinbigitcanbedefinedmorepreciselythantheOneoftheharmfuleffectsofnoiseonhumanperformanceisthat itreducesone’sitrendersthevictimitdeprivesoneoftheenjoymentofitdrownsoutconversationsatThepurposeofthispassageis todefinetheeffectsofnoiseonhumantowarnpeopleofthedangerofnoisetogiveadviceastohowtopreventhearingtolthedifferencebetweennoiseandThetraditionalbeliefthatawoman’splaceisinthehomeandthatawomanoughtnottogoouttoworkcanhardlybereasonablymaintainedinpresentconditions.Itissaidthatitisawoman’stasktocareforthechildren,butfamiliestodaytendtobesmallandwithayearortwobetweenchildren.Thusawoman’swholeperiodofchildbearingmayoccurwithinfiveyears.Furthermore,withcompulsoryeducationfromtheageoffiveorsixherroleaschiefeducatorofherchildrensoonceases.Thus,evenifweagreethatawomanshouldstayathometolookafterherchildrenbeforetheyareofschoolage,formanywomen,thisperiodwouldextendonlyforabouttenyears.Itmightbearguedthatthehouse-proudwomanwouldstillfindplentytodoaboutthehome.Thatmaybeso,butitiscertainlynolongernecessaryforawomantospendherwholelifecooking,cleaning,mendingandsewing.Washingmachinestakedrudgeryoutoflaundry,thelatestmodelsbeingentirelyautomaticandabletowashanddryalargetyofclothesinafewminutes.Refrigeratorshavemadeitpossibletostorefoodforlongperiodsandmanypre-cookedfoodsareobtainableintins.Shop,insteadofbeingadailytask,canbecompletedinonedayaweek.Thenewman-madefibersaremorehardwiringthannaturalfibersandgreatlyreducemending,whilegoodready-madeclothesarecheapandplentiful.Apartfromwomen’sownhappiness,theneedsofthecommunitymustbeconsidered.Modernsocietycannotdowellwithoutthecontributionthatwomencanmakeinprofessionsandotherkindsofwork.Thereisaseriousshortageofnursesandteachers,tomentiononlytwooftheoccupationsfollowedbywomen.Itisextremelywastefultogiveyearsoftrainingatpublicexpenseonlytohavethequalifiedteacherornursemarryafterayearortwoandbelostforevertoherprofession.Thetraining,itistrue,willhelpherindutiesasamother,butifshecontinuedtowork,herservicewouldbemorewidelyuseful.Manyfactoriesandshops,too,arelargelystaffedbywomen,manyofthemmarried.Whileherethequestionoftrainingisnotsoimportant,industryandtradewouldbeseriouslyshortofstaffifmarriedwomendidnotwork.Theauthorholdsthat therightplaceforallwomen,marriedorotherwise,isthehome,notallmarriedwomenshouldhavesomeoccupationoutsidetheamarriedwomanshouldgivefirstprioritytoherdutiesasaitisdesirableforuneducatedmarriedwomentostayathomeandtakecareofthefamilyAhouse-proudwoman woulddevoteherwholelifetoherwouldtakeherownhappinessandthatofherfamilyasherchiefwouldstillneedsomespecialtrainingatpublicexpensetohelpherinherdutiesasahousewifewouldtakefulladvantageofmodernhouseholdAccordingtotheauthor,modernsociety canoperatejustaswellevenwithoutwomenhasbeengreatlyhamperedinitsdevelopmentbytheshortageofwomennursesandwomenteacherscannotoperateproperlywithoutthecontributionofwillbeseriouslyaffectedbythecontinuingshortageofworkingwomeninheavyindustriesandinternationaltradeSectionIIIClozeForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[B],[C],and[D].ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.(10points)In1620,asmallsailboatnamedtheMayflowerleftEnglandfortheNewWorld.TheMayflowerheadedfortheJamestowncolonyonthewarmshoreofVirginia.ItsonehundredpassengerswerethePilgrims.TheywerelookingforaplacewheretheyworshipGod大26BecauseofstrongwindsandseverestormstheMayflowerits大27ThebravegroupofcolonistsfinallyhadtolandatPlymouthontherockycoastofMassachusettsinDecember1620.Itwasthemiddleofthesternnorthernwinter.大28家monthsofstarvation,disease,anddeathwereaheadofthem.Onlythestrongestofthepilgrims大29家thatwinter.Manywomengavetheirownrationstotheirchildrenanddiedforlackoffoodforthemselves.Living大30begantoimproveinthespringof1621.Therewerewildvegetables.Therewereberriesandfruit.Fishandgamewereplentiful.Therefore,theywereabletogetenoughfreshmeatdespitetheirlackofskillorexperienceinhuntingandfishing.Thehealth大31家withthewarmweatherandtheirbetterInthefall,theylookback大32家thepastyear.Theywerebothregretfulthankful.Onlyfiftyoftheoriginalonehundredpassengersremained.Thepriceinhumanlifeandtragedyhadbeengreat.Ontheotherhand,theysawnewhopeforfutureAsplendidharvestwas大33家them.TheywerereadyforthesecondwinterwithconfidenceTheyhadelevencrudehousesforprotectionagainsttheseverewinter.Sevenwereforfamilies,andfourwereforcommunaluse.大34,theyestablishedatreatyoffriendshipwiththeirnneighborsunderChiefMassasoitinthesummer.Thewoodsandforestsbecamesafe.WhentheMayflowerreturnedtoEnglandsummer,therewerenocolonists大35.Attheendoftheirfirstyearintheirhome,thePilgrimswantedtocelebratewitharealholiday.ItwastheirfirstThanksgivingDay.[A]intheirownintheirownontheiroftheir[A] [A][A][A][A][A][A]BestofFortheTotheirAllin[A]SectionIVError-detectionandEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedparts.Thesepartsarelabeled[A],[B],[C]and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownyourcorrectiononthelineintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)You’vetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingA
ANSWER:[C]TheunionandthemanagementarehavingsuchaA
timeB
oncontractC
ingyearthattheworkersmaygoonDHegotup,walkedA
theroom,andB
asharpquickmovementCthedoorwidelyDHisvictoryintheA
wasnoB
thanIhadDBecausethereareA
memberspresenttonightB
thereC
lastnight,mustwaituntilthenextDWe’vegivenhimA
abouteverythingheB
whateverC
heInnote-taking,astrictdisciplinehastobekeptandallinessential
unnecessarywordsDWhenthecarAtoisolatethevillageC
thepoisonousgasranBallD
therails,thefiremenToA
frank,B
isagreatrelieftohavethetaskC
insoshortaD
minimum, negotiators hoofB
inprinciple
withdetailstobeworkedD
ItisA
tonote
thatinrecentyears,cigarettesmokershaveinthedecline,especiallyamongolder Section Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsgiveninthebrackets.PutyouranswerintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Itishighlydesirablethatanew (appoint)forthiscollege.ANSWER:(should)beappointedIntheMiddleAges,inRome,VeniceandotherItaliancities,theredevelopedaninlectualmovement (call)humanism,whichwasthebasisoftheIflawandorder (be)notp,neitherthecitizennorhispropertyissafe.Thecolonelwasdecoratedforbravery, (fight)offtheIt’squiteobviousthatPaulwon’tsellhisbusinessnowthathe’sgotit (run)so (Notwish)todisturbhisbabysister,hetiptoedintotheIhappened (talk)withhimwhenhewashitbyaballandTheapplicants (interview)arerequiredtobringallthenecessaryVictorobviouslydoesn’tknowwhat’shappened,otherwisehe (notmake)suchastupidremark.Such (be)thecase,therearenogroundstojustifyyourThecarshowsnosignsof (repair);itlookslikeanewSectionVIChinese-EnglishTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(15恶劣的天气使他无法按时动身去请先把事故的原因查清楚再向汇报经当地批准后,他们取消了原定的项目SectionVIIEnglish-ChineseTranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.(20points)SeatedbehindthefrontdeskataNewYorkfirm,thereceptionistwasStylishlydressed,thefirm’snewestemployeehadapleasantephonevoiceandanaturalcharmthatputclientsatease.Thecompanywaspleased:(61)Clearly,thiswasawhotookconsiderableprideinalappearance.DavidKing,thereceptionist,isunusual,butbynomeansunique.(62)Justasalltruckdriversandconstructionworkersarenolongernecessarilymen,allsecretariesandreceptionistsarenolongerautomaticallywomen.Thenumberofmeninwomen-dominatedfieldsisstillsmallandtheyhaven’tattractedtheattentionthathasoftenfollowedwomenadvancingintomale-dominatedfields,butmenaremovingintomoreandmorejobsthathavetraditionallybeenheldbywomen.Strictlyspeaking,thephenomenonisnotnew.Forthepastseveraldecades,menhavebeenquietlyenteringfieldssuchasnursing,socialworkandelementaryeducation.Buttodaynojobseemsoff-limits.Menservecoffeeinofficesandmealson(63)Thesechangesareheltoinfluencesomeofthelong-standingtraditionsaboutthetypesofworkmenandwomencando--buttheyalsoproducesomeundeniableproblemsforthemenwhoareenteringthosefieldsformerlydominatedbywomen.Whatkindsofmenventureintotheseso-called“women’sfields”?Allkinds.“Idon’tknowofanydefiniteanswersI’dbecomfortablewith,”explainsJosephPleck,Ph.D.,oftheWellesleyCollegeCentrefo
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