2021版高考英语一轮复习课后达标检测：选修7 3 Unit 3 Under the sea Word版含答案

（课后达标检测I（建议用时：50分钟）I•阅读理解A（2020・昆明高三模拟）Findingfishisgoingtogetharderasclimatechangecontinuestoheattheworld'soceans.Anewstudyfindsthatwarmingseasoverthepast80yearshavereducedthesustainablecatchof124speciesoffishandshellfish.Asustainablecatchreferstotheamountthatcanbeharvestedwithoutdoinglong-termdamagetothehealthofpopulationsofsomespecies.Overfishinghasmadethatdeclineworse,researcherssay.Overfishingreferstocatchingsomanyfishthatthesizeofthepopulationfalls.Insomepartsoftheworld,suchastheheavilyfishedSeaofJapan,thedecreaseisashighas35percent.That'salossofmorethanoneineverythreefish.Researchersexaminedchangesin235populationsoffishandshellfishbetween1930and2010.Thosefishpopulationsspreadfarapartacross38oceanregions.Temperaturechangesvaryfromoneoceansitetoanother.Butonaverageoverthattime,Earth'sseasurfacetemperatureshaverisenbyabouthalfadegreeCelsius.Onaverage,thatwarminghascausedthesustainablecatchtodropby4.1percent,thestudyfound.About8percentofthefishandshellfishpopulationstheteamstudiedsawlossesasaresultoftheoceanwarming.However,about4percentofsomepopulationsincreased.That'sbecausecertainspecieshavethrivedinwarmerwaters.Oneexampleisakindofblackseafish.ItlivesalongthenortheasternU．S.coast.Aswarmingcontinues,thesefishwillreproducefasteruntiltheyreachtheirlimit.About3.2billionpeopleworldwiderelyonseafoodasasourceoffood.Thatmeansit'surgentforcommercialfishingfleetsandregulatorstoconsiderhowclimatechangeisaffectingthehealthofallofthosefishinthesea.【解题导语】研究发现，随着气候变化导致海洋升温，世界上可持续捕获的鱼类和水生有壳动物在不断减少，这在一定程度上影响了渔业的产量。1．Whatdoesthenewstudydiscover?A．Overfishingistoblameforfishhealth.B．Warmingseascausefewerfishandshellfish.C．Seafoodmatterstopeople'shealthworldwide.D．Thelivingregionsoffishandshellfisharedifferent.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Anewstudyfindsthatwarmingseasoverthepast80yearshavereducedthesustainablecatchof124speciesoffishandshellfish.”可知，新的研究发现，海水升温导致鱼类和水生有壳动物减少。故选B。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“thrived”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Survivednarrowly.B．Disappearedsoon.C．Decreasedsharply.D．Developedquickly.D解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词下文'Oneexample...Aswarmingcontinues,thesefishwillreproducefasteruntiltheyreachtheirlimit.”可知，随着升温继续，这些鱼将快速繁殖直到它们的极限，据此可推知，画线词的含义与“reproducefaster，相近，故选D。3．Whatdoweknowaboutspeciesoffishandshellfish?A．About8percentofthemsufferedfromagreatloss.B．About35percentofthemsurvivedintheSeaofJapan.C．About3.2billionspecieshavebeensaveduptonow.D．About80specieshavediedoutbecauseofwarmingseas.A解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“About8percentofthefishandshellfishpopulationstheteamstudiedsawlossesasaresultoftheoceanwarming.”可知，大约8%的鱼类和水生有壳动物数量上遭受了重大损失。故选A。根据第二段中的Tnsomeparts...thedecreaseisashighas35percent."可知，B项表述错误；根据第五段中的"About3.2billionpeopleworldwiderelyonseafoodasasourceoffood.”可知，C项表述错误；文章没有提到D项所表述的内容。4．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A．Acookingguide.B．Asciencemagazine.C．Anewsreview.D．Ahealthbrochure.B解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，一项最新研究显示，随着海洋变暖，鱼类和水生有壳动物的数量正在减少。这在一定程度上影响了渔业的产量和这些生物的健康。由此可知，本文属于科学类文章。故选B。【难句分析】Thatmeansit'surgentforcommercialfishingfleetsandregulatorstoconsiderhowclimatechangeisaffectingthehealthofallofthosefishinthesea.分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中“it'surgentforcommercialfishingfleetsandregulatorstoconsiderhowclimatechangeisaffectingthehealthofallofthosefishinthesea"为省略了that的宾语从句作动词means的宾语;其中"howclimatechangeisaffectingthehealth

ofallofthosefishinthesea”为how引导的宾语从句，作consider的宾语。译文：这意味着，商业捕鱼船队和监管机构迫切需要考虑气候变化如何影响海洋中所有鱼类的健康。（2020・河北六校联考）Asfarbackastheageofdinosaursmillionsofyearsago,turtles（海龟）wanderedaroundtheEarth.Evennowadaysitisgenerallyassumedthatturtlesaretheworld'ssteadiestcreature.However,anewresearchshows61percentofthe356speciesofturtlesarealreadythreatenedornolongerexist.Thedestructionoftheirhomes,disease,climatechangeandotherreasonshavecausedtheirpopulationtodropsharply.InanewstudypublishedinthejournalBioSciencea,teamofscientistsfromvariousinstitutionsclaimsthatturtlesareoneofthemostthreatenedamongthemajorvertebrate（脊椎动物）groups.Thiscould，”theauthorssay,“haveseriousconsequencesfortheecology.”Turtlescontributetothehealthofmanyenvironments,includingdesert,wetland,freshwaterandmarineecosystems,andthedeclinemayleadtobadeffectsonotherspecies,includinghumans,theyexplain.WhitGibbons,seniorauthorandprofessorattheUniversityofGeorgia'sSavannahRiverEcologyLaboratory,saysinastatementthattheintentionofthestudyistoinformpeopleaboutthevitalecologicalrolesofturtles.Oneoftheimportantqualitiesofturtlesishowdiversetheyarewhenitcomestofood.Thisallowsthemtohaveamajorimpactonfoodwebsoftheirhomesallovertheworld.Insomeareas,thedensity（密度）oftheturtlepopulationmakesthemanimportantpartoftheecosystem.Withtheirgathering,otherspeciesthatfeedonthemandtheireggsaresuretohavealargepooloffood.Forplants,turtlesarealsoextremelyimportantastheydistributetheseedsofmanyplantspecies.Whentheyeat,someseedsarenotdestroyedbythedigestiveprocessandinsteadmaketheirwayoutoftheanimals'body.Someturtlesarethemaindispersal（传播）agentsofcertainplantsandtheirseeds.Theseareonlyafewyetveryvitalrolesthatturtlesplayintheecologicallandscape.Unfortunately,manyspeciesareinseriousdeclineandindangerofdisappearingcompletely.解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海龟的数量急剧下降对生态系统有负面影响。5．Whatdoesthenewstudyaimtodo?A．Tosavethegrandvertebrategroupsonearth.B．Towarnpeopleofturtles'terriblesituation.C．Tomaketheimportanceofturtles'rolesknown.D．Toclaimturtlesmayberelatedtodinosaurs.C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“theintentionofthestudyistoinformpeopleaboutthevitalecologicalrolesofturtles”可知，这个研究的目的是让人们了解海龟对生态的重要作用。故选C。6．Howmightthedisappearanceofturtlesinfluencecertainplants?A．Speeduptheseplants'disappearing.B．Putanendtotheseplants'seedspreading.C．Allowmoreseedstogrowintoplants.D．Givetheseplantsnochanceofsurvival.A解析：推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，海龟通过吃下植物的种子然后将其排出体外来进行植物种子的传播，一些海龟是某些植物及其种子的主要传播媒介。由此可知，海龟的消失也可能加速这些植物的灭绝。故选A。7．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthetext?U-C.LLI：IntroductionP：PointSp：Sub-point(次要点)C：ConclusionB解析：文章结构题。第一段是全文的引言(Introduction)，引入海龟这一话题；第二段是要点一(Point1)，介绍了海龟数量骤减的情况；第三段是要点二(Point2)，总述海龟对生态系统的作用；第四、五段都是要点二的次要点(Sp1和Sp2)，分别介绍了海龟在生态系统中起的两个作用；最后一段对全文进行总结(Conclusion)。故选B。8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TurtlesAreSuretoStopExistingB．TheEcologyWillChangewithTurtlesC．DeclineofTurtlesThreatenstheWorldD．Turtles'DyingOutWorldwideMattersaLotD解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者介绍了目前海龟数量大范围减少的状况以及海龟的存在对生态系统的重要作用，因此D项“世界范围内海龟的消失影响重大”最能概括本文大意。故选D。【难句分析】InanewstudypublishedinthejournalBioScience,ateamofscientistsfromvariousinstitutionsclaimsthatturtlesareoneofthemostthreatenedamongthemajorvertebrate（脊椎动物）groups.分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中的that引导宾语从句，作claims的宾语；过去分词短语publishedinthejournalBioScience作后置定语修饰anewstudy。译文：在发表于《生物科学》杂志上的一项新研究中，来自不同机构的科学家组成的小组揭示了在主要的脊椎动物群体中，海龟是受威胁最严重的群体之一。II•完形填空（2020・新疆维吾尔自治区适应性测试）Itwasacold,rainyday.AndIhadno__1__todriveupthewindingmountainroadtomydaughterCarolyn'shouse.ButshehadinsistedthatIshouldcometoseesomethingatthe__2一ofthemountain.SohereIwas,3makingthetwo-hourjourneythroughfogthathunglikeveils（面纱）.BythetimeIsawhow__4_itwasnearthesummit,I'dgonetoofartoturnback.__5.couldbeworththis,IthoughtasI_6__alongtheverydangeroushighway.Turningdownanarrowtrack,we__1__thecarandgotout.Wewalkedalongapaththatwasthickwitholdpineneedles.Hugeblack-greenevergreenstoweredoverus.Gradually,thepeaceandsilenceoftheplace__8__tofillmymind.ThenweturnedacornerandstoppedandItookadeepbreathin__9__.Fromthetopofthemountain,forseveralacresacrossfoldsandvalleys,riversofdaffodils（水仙花）wereinbrilliantbloom.Itlooked__10—thesunhadtippedoverandspilledgolddownthemountainside.__11—filledmymind.Whocreatedsuchbeauty?How?When?Aswe12__thehousethatstoodinthecenteroftheproperty,wesawasignthat_13__:“AnswerstotheQuestionsIKnowYouAreAsking.”Thefirstanswerwas：“OneWoman—TwoHands,TwoFeet,andVeryLittleBrain”Thesecondwas：“OneataTime."Thethird：“14in1978.”Aswedrovehome,Iwassomovedbywhatwehadseen,Icould__15—speak.“She16theworld,"Ifinallysaid,“oneatatime.Shestartedalmost40yearsago,probablyjustthebeginningofa（n）__17__,butshekeptatit."Thewonderofitwouldnotletme__18__.“Imagine,"Isaid,“ifI'dhadavisionandworkedatit,justalittlebiteveryday,whatmightIhave__19?”Carolynlookedatmesideways,smiling.“Starttomorrow,"shesaid.“20__yet,starttoday."解题导语】本文主要讲述的是作者在女儿的执意要求下和女儿一起开车去山顶欣赏

美景的故事。1．A.strengthB．beliefC．desireD．suggestionC解析：根据上文'Itwasacold,rainyday.”可知，作者不想开车沿着蜿蜒的山路去女儿家。havenodesiretodosth.意为“不想做某事”。故选C。2．A.topB．backC．bottomD．endA解析：根据下文中的“Fromthetopofthemountain”可知，作者和女儿是去山顶。故选A。3．A.unwillinglyB．helplesslyC．hopefullyD．eagerlyA解析：根据上文中的“ButshehadinsistedthatIshouldcometoseesomething”可知，作者在女儿的执意要求下不情愿地去了女儿的家。故选A。4．A.thinB．thick4．A.thinB．thickC．hugeD．deep解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，离山顶越近，雾越浓。故选B。5．A.AnythingB．Something5．A.AnythingB．SomethingC．NothingD．Everything解析：根据语境可知，作者认为在这种大雾情况下没有什么是值得看的。故选C。6．A.ranB．inched6．A.ranB．inchedC．wanderedD．jumped解析：根据语境可知，作者一边沿着危险的通道缓慢行驶一边想。B项意为“缓慢移动”。故选B。B．drove7B．droveC．repairedC．repairedD．left解析：根据该句中的“andgotout”可知，他们把车停在那儿。故选A。8．A.happenedB．failed8．A.happenedB．failedC．stoppedD．began解析：根据本句中的“tofillmymind”并结合语境可知，此处表示渐渐地，这里的寂静开始填满作者的内心。故选D。

B．doubt9B．doubtC．reliefD．amazementD解析：结合下文可知，此处指作者看到那么美的景色很吃惊。故选D。10．A.asthoughB．eventhoughC．incaseD．nowthatA解析：根据语境可知，这些水仙花构成的景象看起来就好像是太阳已经倾覆，把金子洒在了山坡上。A项意为“好像”。B项意为“即使”；C项意为“以防，万一”；D项意为“既然”。故选A。11．A.ArgumentsB．QuestionsC．RequirementsD．ProblemsB解析：根据下文“Whocreatedsuchbeauty?How?When？”可知，此处指作者的脑海里充满了疑问。A项意为“争论”；B项意为“问题，疑问”；C项意为“要求”；D项意为“难题，困难”。故选B。12．A.departedB．returnedC．approachedD．searchedC解析：根据本句中的“wesawasign”可知，作者和女儿走近房子时看到一标牌。故选C。13．A.spokeB．stuckC．wroteD．readD解析：根据本句中的“AnswerstotheQuestionsIKnowYouAreAsking.'可知，标牌上写着一些东西。D项意为“写着”。故选D。14．A.DesertedB．FinishedC．StartedD．OperatedC解析：根据语境并结合上文可知，此处指上文第三个问题“When？”即何时开始创建的这种美的答案。故选C。B．scarcelyDB．scarcelyD．onlyC．mostlyB解析：根据本句中的丁wassomoved，和下一句中的“Ifinallysaid”可知，这里指作者被深深感动，几乎说不出话来。B项意为“几乎不”。故选B。16．A.changedB．discoveredC．destroyedD．wonA解析：根据语境可知，此处指美景的创造者一次做一点事情，几乎40年前就开始了这样的创造，她改变了这里的世界。故选A。17．A.experienceB．ideaC．storyD．promiseB解析：根据本句中的“butshekeptatit”可知，此处指可能始于一种想法。故选B。18．A.comeB．outC．goD．downC解析：根据语境可知，这里太美了，作者不想离开。故选C。19．A.lostB．accomplishedC．forgottenD．beatenB解析：根据本句中的“ifI'dhadavisionandworkedatit,justalittlebiteveryday”可知，作者在想如果自己有一个想法，并且致力于此，每天做一点，自己能取得什么（成就）。B项意为“完成，实现”。故选B。20．A.MoreB．WorseC．SoonerD．BetterD解析：根据语境可知，作者的女儿说从今天开始更好。故选D。III.书面表达（2020・广东高三六校联考）假定你是李华，你所在班级的交换生Peter正在进行一项关于垃圾分类的研究。他给你来信询问你们社区垃圾分类的实施情况，请给Peter回一封邮件，告诉他相关信息，邮件内容包括：1．写邮件的目的；2．垃圾分类的实施情况；3．你对垃圾分类的看法。注意：1.词数100左右；2．开头和结尾已为