高中英语人教版Unit4Globalwarming unit4sectionⅱ

SectionⅡWarmingUp&Reading—LanguagePointscomeabout发生；造成(教材P26)Sohowhasthiscomeaboutanddoesitmatter?这种温度的增长是怎么产生的呢？会有什么影响呢？①Howdoesitcomeaboutthat...? 某事怎么发生的……？②comeintobeing 开始存在；形成comeacross 被理解；(偶然)遇见，碰到comeout 出现；出版；结果是；开放comeup 走近；长出；长芽；被提出；(问题或困难)出现comeupwith 提出；提供；赶上cometo 共计；谈到；涉及；苏醒过来①Themooncameoutfrombehindtheclouds.月亮从云后露出脸来。②Iwasamazedthathe'dcomeupwiththissweetidea.很惊奇他能想出这么一个使人心里感到甜甜的、暖暖的主意。③Howdiditcomeaboutthatyouwereanhourlate?你怎么会迟到1小时？④Icameacrossthechildrensleepingunderthebridge.我偶然发现睡在桥下的孩子。[名师点津]表示“发生”的词或短语：comeabout，happen，occur，takeplace，breakout，都是不及物动词或短语，都没有被动语态。subscribevi.同意；捐赠；订购vt.签署(文件)；捐助(教材P26)Allscientistssubscribetotheviewthattheincreaseintheearth'stemperatureisduetotheburningoffossilfuelslikecoal，naturalgasandoiltoproduceenergy.所有的科学家都赞同这种观点：人们为了生成能量而燃烧化石燃料(如煤、天然气和石油等)，从而引起了地球温度的升高。写出下列句中subscribe的含义和词性①Atthemeeting，allthememberssubscribedtotheplantobuildapowerplantintheirhometown. vi.同意②Inordertoimprovehisdaughter'sEnglish，hesubscribedtoEnglishWeekly. vi.订购③HesubscribesregularlytotheHopeProject. vt.捐助①subscribetosth. 同意；赞成；订阅……②subscribe...to 把……捐赠给……；把……签署在……上④Ifyouarenotasubscriber，youcansubscribetoday.如果您不是一个订阅者，您可以现在订阅。⑤Ifyousubscribetothenewspaper，it'llbedeliveredtoyourdoor.如果你订阅报纸，它会给你送到门上的。⑥Hesubscribestotheviewthatchildrenbenefitfrombeingindependent.【导学号：33100019】他赞同孩子们能从独立中获益这一观点。quantitiesof大量的，许多(＝aquantityof)(教材P26)Theproblembeginswhenweaddhugequantitiesofextracarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.当我们向大气层中排放大量额外的二氧化碳时，问题就来了。①alarge/smallquantityof＝large/smallquantitiesof“大/少量的”，既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词a(large)quantityof 后接名词作主语时，谓语常用单数形式(large)quantitiesof 后接名词作主语时，谓语常用复数形式②inquantity 在数量上；大量地inlargequantities 大量地①HugequantitiesofoilwereshippedtoJapanlastyear.去年大量的石油被海运到日本。②Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests，alargequantityofdeserthascovered(cover)theland.由于破坏了森林，大量的沙漠覆盖了陆地。③Helikesreadingandalwaysbuysbooksinquantity.他喜欢阅读，总是成批地买书。tendvi.趋向；易于；照顾vt.照顾；护理(教材P26)Itmeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedintheatmospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup.它意味着更多的热能将被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。①tendtodosth. 常常会做某事；倾向于做某事tendto/towardssth. 趋向；倾向tend(to)sb./sth.(＝lookaftersb./sth.) 照顾某人/某物；护理某人/某物②tendencyn. 倾向；偏好haveatendencytodosth. 倾向于做某事①Theinjuredarebeingtendedbythedoctorsandnurses.伤者正受到医护人员的照料。②Shetendstoget(get)angrywhenothersdisagreewithher.别人不同意她的看法时，她很容易生气。③Thereisatendency(tend)towardsregionalcooperation.有一种地区性合作的趋势。goup上升，增长，升起(教材P26)Itmeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedintheatmospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup.它意味着更多的热能将被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。godown 倒下，下沉；(物价)下降goout 出去，(灯)灭goon 继续goover 仔细检查；复习gothrough 经历，遭受；穿过；完成(工作等)①Thewindhasgonedownalittle.风势已减弱了一些。②Priceshavegoneupagain.物价又上涨了。③Thecountryhasgonethroughtoomanywars.这个国家经历了太多战争。resultin导致，造成……的结果(教材P26)Theyalsoagreethatitistheburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelsthathasresultedinthisincreaseincarbondioxide.他们还赞同下述观点：正是由于越来越多的燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。①resultfrom 由……引起②asaresultof 作为……的结果；由于③asaresult 结果①Hisillnessresultedfrombadfood.他的病是由于吃了变质的食物所致。②Hewaslateasaresultofthesnow.由于下雪他迟到了。③Asaresult，shehadtoleave.结果她只得离开。④Theaccidentresultedinthedeathoftwopassengers.这次事故造成两名乘客死亡。[明辨异同]resultin，resultfromresultin引起，导致，产生。侧重于结果，即主语是原因，in后面接导致的结果。与leadto，cause同义。resultfrom起因于，由……产生。侧重于起因，即主语是结果，from后面接事情的起因。与liein同义。resultin，resultfrom⑤Thesemeasuresresultedinagreatvictory.⑥Sicknessoftenresultsfromeatingtoomuch.opposevt.反对，反抗，与……较量(教材P27)Ontheotherhand，therearethose，likeGeorgeHambley，whoareopposedtothisviewandbelievethatweshouldnotworryabouthighlevelsofcarbondioxideintheair.另一方面，还有一些像乔治·汉布利这样的科学家，他们反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必为空气中的二氧化碳含量高而担心。①opposedoingsth.＝objecttodoingsth. 反对做……②opposedadj. 反对的；对立的beopposedtosth./doingsth.＝beagainststh. 反对……①Iamstronglyopposedtoyourplan.我坚决反对你的计划。②Manyoldmenopposedcutting(cut)downthe100­year­oldtreeforrebuildingashoppingcenter.许多老人反对为重建一个购物中心而砍掉这棵百年老树。③Iamopposedtogoingshoppingwithothers.我反对与其他人一起外出购物。consequencen．结果；后果；影响(教材P27)Theypredictthatanywarmingwillbemildwithfewbadenvironmentalconsequences.他们预言说，变暖的情况不会很严重，对环境的影响也不会太大。①inconsequence/asaconsequence＝asaresult 因此；结果inconsequenceof/asaconsequenceof＝asaresultof 由于……原因②consequentadj. 随之发生的；由……引起的consequentlyadv. 所以；因而①Thecitywasinruinsinconsequenceof/asaconsequenceofasevereearthquake.由于严重的地震，这座城市变成了废墟。②Shestudiedhard，andinconsequence/asaconsequenceshepassedtheexamination.她努力学习，结果通过了考试。③Iwascaughtintheheavyrainandconsequently(consequent)Iwaslate.我碰上了大雨，所以迟到了。(教材P27)Infact，Hambleystates，“Morecarbondioxideisactuallyapositivewillmakeplantsgrowquicker；cropswillproducemore；itwillencourageagreaterrangeofanimals—allofwhichwillmakelifeforhumanbeingsbetter.”事实上，汉布利这样说：“二氧化碳含量的增加实际上是件好事。它使植物生长更快，庄稼产量更高，还会促进很多动物种类的增加——所有这些都能改善人类的生活。”(1)statevt.陈述；说明n．状态；状况①state＋n./that­clause/wh­clause 声明……；说明……Itisstatedthat... 据宣布/据称/据说……②statementn. 陈述；说明makeastatement 作陈述；发表声明③ina(n)．..state/inastateof 处于……的状态①Itisstatedthatmorethanthirtypeoplewerekilledintheaccident.据说事故中有30多人丧生。②Soonafterwardshemadehisfirstpublicstatement(state)abouttheaffair.不久以后，他第一次就这一事件发表了公开声明。③Shewasinaterriblestatewhenwearrived.我们抵达时，她情绪很不好。【导学号：33100020】(2)rangen．种类；范围v.排列；变化[图形助记]排列；分类山脉射程①arangeof... 一系列……beyond/outofone'srange 超过某人承受的范围withintherangeof... 在……的范围之内②rangefromsth.＝rangebetweensth. 处于某范围内①Thestudenthasaverywiderangeofinterests.那个学生的兴趣非常广泛。②Thepriceofthehouseiswellwithinourrange.这所房子的价格还在我们能承受的范围。③Accommodationrangesfromtouristclasstoluxuryhotels.住宿条件从经济旅馆至豪华宾馆不等。[语境应用]用range的相关词语完成下面小片段Thesupermarketkeepsawiderangeofpricesrangefromjustonlyafewyuantoseveralhundredtotheirvarieties，theshopassistantsrangethemneatlyontheshelves.这家超市有种类繁多的商品。它们的价格从几元到几百元不等。根据它们的种类，售货员们把它们整齐地排列在不同的货架上。glancevi.看一下；扫视n.一瞥(教材P27)Glancequicklyatthemagazinearticleandanswerthequestions.快速浏览一下杂志上的文章，然后回答问题。①glanceat 向……一瞥(强调动作)glancethrough/over 浏览②atfirstglance/sight 乍看之下；乍一看ata(single)glance (只)看一眼；一眼；立刻take/haveaglance(at) (对……)匆匆看一下①Heglancedthrough/overthenewspaper.他大致浏览了一下报纸。②Atfirstglancetheproblemseemedeasy.乍看之下这个问题似乎很简单。③Sheglancedatherwatchandthenwentoutinahurry.她匆匆看了看表然后匆忙出去了。[明辨异同]glance，glare，stareglance指快速地看某人或某物一眼，强调动作glare指怒视，强调敌对、威胁的态度stare指由于害怕或吃惊而睁大眼睛注视某人或某物，也指盯着看glance，glare，stare④Hewalkedandglancedathiswatchnowandthen.⑤Theyglaredateachotheracrossthetableafterthequarrel.⑥Itisbadmannerstostareatstrangersinthepublic.Ⅰ.语境填词1．ItiswrongforusstudentstoIseeit，weshouldacquireascientificoutlookofandfocusonstudy.(consume)2．Theydonotthatsheisagoodteacher，buttheirisveryimportantinfact.(state)3．Whileheisbusyworking，hetoburstwithis，hehasatolosehistemper.(tend)4．Heisveryanddoesn'tgetangry，andheusuallytreatseveryone．(mild)5．①Hestudiedhard，andinhepassedtheexam.②Theriseinpricewasonthefailureofthecrops.(consequence)【答案】，consumption，statement，tendency，mildly5．①consequence②consequentⅡ.选词填空beopposedto；goup；quantitiesof；comeabout；resultin；keepon；subscribeto1．Heandhiscolleaguestheplan.2．Idon'tknowhowthesequarrels．3．Itlookslikeyourcostby%forpackaging.【导学号：33100021】4．Althoughtoldtostopforabreak，heworking.5．Ifleftuntreated，theconditionwilleventuallyblindness.【答案】opposedtoaboutuponin(教材P26)Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmer(seeGraph1)andthatitishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobalwarmingratherthanarandombutnaturalphenomenon.毫无疑问，地球是在变暖(见表一)，而地球变暖正是人类活动导致的，并非是一种无规律的自然现象。【要点提炼】Thereisnodoubtthat...意为“……是毫无疑问的”。①Thereis(some)doubt之后常接whether引导的从句，表“怀疑是否会……”；thereisnodoubt后常接that引导的从句，表“对……毫不怀疑”。②doubt用作动词时，意为“怀疑，不相信”。在肯定句中doubt后面的从句由whether/if引导；在疑问句或否定句中doubt后面的从句由that引导。①Thereisnodoubtatallthatwedidtherightthing.毫无疑问我们做得对。②Idoubt(＝Ihavemydoubt)whether/ifheisthebestmanforthejob.我怀疑他是否是做这项工作的最佳人选。③Thereissomedoubtwhetherheisfitforthejob.至于他能否胜任这项工作，还有疑问。(教材P27)Evenifwestartreducingtheamountofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases，theclimateisgoingtokeeponwarmingfordecadesorcenturies.即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在未来几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。【要点提炼】evenif＝eventhough引导让步状语从句，意为“即使；纵使”。引导让步状语从句的连词小结①用although，though，eventhough，evenif等引导让步状语从句，意思是“尽管”或“虽然”。②用when和while引导让步状语从句，意思是“尽管；虽然”。③用as引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然；尽管”。用作此意时必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。①Evenif/thoughIhavetowalkallthewayI'llgetthere.即使一路走着去，我也得赶到那里。②Although/Thoughhewasinjured，hemanagedtoclimboutofhiscar.尽管他受伤了，他还是从车里爬了出来。③WhileIunderstandwhatyousay，Ican'tagreewithyou.虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。④Searchastheywould，theycouldfindnobodyinthehouse.无论怎样搜查，他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。完成句子1．他有很多书，其中大部分是关于语言的。Hehasalotofbooks，areaboutlanguages.2．毫无疑问，我们能解决这个问题。wecanworkouttheproblem.3．没有你的帮助，我考试一定会不及格的。Withoutyourhelp，Itheexam.4．即使大雨倾盆，他们还是在工作。Theywerestillworking．5．除非被邀请讲话，你应该在会上保持沉默。，youshouldremainsilentattheconference.【导学号：33100022】【答案】ofwhichisnodoubtthat3．wouldhavefailedtopassifitwasraininghardinvitedtospeakItmeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedintheatmospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup.【分析】本句是一个复合句。that引导一个宾语从句；causingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup为现在分词短语作结果状语。【翻译】它意味着更多的热量将被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。学业分层测评（十）Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Let'smakegooduseofourenergyandoppose(waste)water，electricity，paper，andsoon.2．Asuddenchangeintemperaturetends(bring)rainorsnow.3．Foodwilllastlongerif(keep)inaclosedcontainer.4．—Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?—Becauselargequantitiesofwater(pollute).【导学号：33100040】5．Heiswonderhowitcamethatheshouldhavefailedthesimpletestthistime.6．Althoughmoneyisimportant，notmanypeoplesubscribetheideathatmoneybringshappiness.7．Ifyousticktothat，youshalltakethe(consequent)．8．Theseyears，ourcompanyhasbeendeveloping(stead)．9．HavinglivedinParisfor35years，heexperiencedmanysocialandcultural(phenomenon)ofFrance.10．Aspokesmanforthegovernmentmadea(state)tothepublictoexplaintheaccident.【答案】：bringbeenpollutedⅡ.完成句子1．毫无疑问，那些努力学习的人能容易通过这次考试。thoseworkinghardcanpasstheexameasily.2．这个地区需要大量的雨。areneededinthisarea.3．他兴趣广泛，包括下国际象棋和划艇运动。Heisamanofwideinterests，chesscanoeing.4．当老师进来时，他们仍在继续谈话。Whentheteachercamein，theystill．5．英语是好几种不同文化共同的语言，每种文化使用英语又各不相同。Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures，differently.【答案】isnodoubtthatquantitiesofrainfrom；toontalkingofwhichusesitⅢ.阅读理解(2023·湖北老河口市高二模拟)TheU．'spushtodecreasethenation'soutputofgreenhousegasesbyincreasingthefuelefficiencyofthecarsAmericansdriveisarousingagainanemotionaldrivingasmall，fuel­efficientcarmakeyoumorelikelytodieontheroad?Engineersandstatisticalanalystscanpointtodatathatsuggestmore­efficientcarsdon'tnecessarilyputmotoristsatgreateroverallmostofuscarelessaboutthe“overall”riskthanwedoaboutabigChevroletTahoeSUVmakesmanyofusbelievewearesaferthanwewouldbeinasmallercar—evenifstatisticalmeasuresacrossalargepopulationofvehiclesandallkindsofcaraccidentssuggesttheadvantageofsafetyisn'tquiteaswideasSUVownersbelieve.TheObamagovernmenthasputthefuel­efficiencyandsafetyquestionbackonthefrontburnerbycallingfornew­vehiclefueleconomytorisetoanaverageof35milespergallonby2023fromabout25mpggoalcouldmovehigherifthegovernmentdecidestoadoptCalifornia'srequirementtocutvehiclegreenhouse­gasgivingoff，whichwouldresultinstrictermileagestandards.Thosemoves，andtheeffectsoflastsummer'sgas­priceshock，aredrivingautomakerstooffercarssuchastheToyotaYaris，HondaFitandDaimlerAG'sSmartForTwo—whichgetthekindofmileagetodaythatlawsaysshouldbetheaverageinathat，automakerswilllaunchawiderangeofnewcompact(紧凑的)vehicles，anddecreaseproductionoflarge，body­on­frameSUVs.That'sleadingtonewconcernsabout“greensafety”，atermformanagingthebalancebetweenreducingvehiclesizeforefficiencyandaddingsafetyandprotectionfeaturesthattendtomakevehiclesheavierandless，furtherworkhastobedonebeforeAmericansmakethechoice.1．TheU．requirestoimprovethefuelefficiencyinorderto．A．pushAmericanstodrivesmallercarsB．reducetheoutputofgreenhousegasesC．driveautomakerstoproducefewerSUVsD．causeAmericanstomakeanargument【解析】细节理解题。第一段第一句“TheU．'spushtodecreasethenation'soutputofgreenhousegasesbyincreasingthefuelefficiency”美国政府提出通过提高燃油效率来减少温室气体的排放。故选择B。【答案】B2．AccordingtoParagraph2，engineersandanalysts'idea．A．failstorelievepeopleoftheirworryaboutsafetyB．persuadespeopletopurchasesmallercarsinsteadofSUVsC．isbasedonresearchandthereforepersuasiveenoughD．makespeoplethinkoftheirsafetyaswellasothers'【解析】细节理解题。第二段第二句“Butmostofuscarelessaboutthe‘overall’riskthanwedoaboutourselves.”但是大多数人很少关心“整体”危险，更多的是关心自己的安全。可知工程师和数据分析师的说明并没有效果，故选择A。【答案】A3．AbouttheObamagovernment'snewmoves，theautomakersareandaverageAmericansare．A．uncertain；positiveB．doubtful；uncertainC．supportive；positiveD．positive；uncertain【解析】推理判断题。第四段说汽车制造商开始积极生产紧凑型的汽车；后一自然段最后一句“Undoubtedly，furtherworkhastobedonebeforeAmericansmakethechoice.”意思是毫无疑问，进一步的工作必须在美国人做出选择之前被做，可知美国民众还是摇摆不定。故选择D。【答案】D4．Thebesttitleforthetextshouldbe．A．NewLawReducesGreenhouseGasesOutputB．CanSmallCarsOvercomeAccidentFears?C．NewCompactCarsGetsPopularintheU．S.D．DoWeHavetoFollowtheGovernment?【解析】主旨大意题。本文介绍政府为了减少温室气体的排放，开始推广小型高效的汽车。这引起了普通民众的质疑。尽管专家已经指出小型车更安全，但美国民众并不买账。故选择B。【答案】BⅣ.完形填空“I...Ithoughtyoucoulduseitforsomething.”Susan's1didnothingtohelpusunderstandwhyadarkbluecarpetremnant(零头布料)wasbeing2asabirthdaymurmured“thanks”couldbebarelyheardasHollytriednottoallowherdisappointmenttoshow.Holly'sdisappointmentdidn'tbecome3untilthefollowingeveningwhenshecamedownstairstosaygoodnight.“Well，Iguessweknowhowmuchmybestfriend4me，huh，Mom？”Shesaid5，withherheaddown.Thenextmorning，IcarriedagarbagebagheartsankasI6thelidofthegarbagecanandsawSusan'scarpetlyingthere.7onlyamoment，Ipickeditupandbroughtitintothehouse.“Susan8youandmetogoovertoherhouseafterschooltomorrow.”WeekslaterHollyannouncedasshearrivedhomefromschool.9hervoicecarriedaso­whatattitude，Isensedshewaspleasedbytheinvitation.Thenextdaywe10tothedestinationalongthewindingcountryroad.Atallwomanstoodinthedoorwayto11usasweapproachedthesmallhousewas12butneatlydecoratedwithusedfurniture.Fromthe13withthewomanweknewSusanhadlongbeenseparatedfromherparentsandshewasSusan'sfostermother(养母)．Awarmlightshoneinhereyesasshe14tomeherfondnessforSusan.Icametorespectthis15womanwhohadopenedherhometoayounggirlandattemptedtomakeadifferenceinherlife.Asdaylightbeganto16weofferedourthanksandsaidgoodbye.Hollysatquietlyinthecarleaningherbodyforwardasifwillingthecartomovesoonerhadwecometoastopthanshe17openedthecardoorandwalkedpurposefullytowardthegarbagecan.“Isthiswhatyouwerelookingfor？”Iheldoutthepieceof18.“Thanks，Mom.”atearortwo19fromhereyesandfellontotheremnant，asif20，thathasbecomethemostpreciousbirthdaypresentintheworld.1． B．negotiationC．explanation D．assumption【解析】根据“I...Ithoughtyoucoulduseitforsomething.”及“understand”一词可知，此处指Susan的“解释”不能帮助我们理解为什么地毯的零头布料会被当作生