先天与脑外伤

先天与脑外伤Congenitalmalformation先天发育畸形corpuscallosum胼胝体Dysplasia发育不良congenitalhydrocephalus【积水】Arachnoidcyst蛛网膜囊肿heterotopicgreymatter灰质异位Tuberoussclerosis结节硬化Craniostenosis—smallskullHypoplasiaofseptumpellucidum透明隔发育不全foramenmagnum枕骨大孔cervicalspinalcanal.颈部椎管Displacementofthebrainstem脑干移位cerebellartonsils小脑扁桃体herniation（疝）Intracranialhematoma脑内血肿Epiduralhematoma硬膜外Subduralhematoma硬膜下

Biconvex双凸lentiform豆状Crescentic新月形encephalocele脑彭出myelomeningoceles脊髓脊膜脱出

【maineumi’ningoucie】Aneurysm动脉瘤Contusionofbrain（挫伤）Lacerationofbrain（裂伤）Diffuseinjuryofbrain（弥漫伤）Sequela后遗症Encephalomalacia脑软化Brainatrophy脑萎缩Hydrocephalus脑积水Subduralfluidaccumulation硬膜下积液CONGENITALMALFORMATIONIncluding:DysplasiaofcorpuscallosumSmallskull-狭颅症craniostenosiscongenitalhydrocephalus【积水】Arachnoidcyst珠网膜囊肿cerebralheterotopicgraymatter【异位】Tuberoussclerosis结节硬化HypoplasiaofseptumpellucidumChiarimalformationSoon…..ChiariImalformationcaudaldisplacementofcerebellartonsils,sometimestheinferiorvermis(引部）throughtheforamenmagnumintocervicalspinalcanal.ChiariII

Displacementofthebrainstemandlowercerebellumintothecervicalspinalcanal.Theforthventricleisusuallycaudallydisplacedandextendsbelowtheforamenmagnum.Associatedwithlumbarmyelomeningoceles脊髓脊膜脱出[maineumi’ningoucie]

ChiariIIIDownwarddisplacementofmedullawithherniation（疝）ofcerebellumthroughforamenmagnum.枕骨大孔Resultinginacervicalencephalocele脑彭出

ChiariIVseverecerebellarhypoplasiawithout

displacementofbrainthroughtheforamen.TraumaofbrainandskullIntracranialhematomaEpiduralhematomaSubduralhematoma1.EpiduralHaematomaA:location:Extracerebralbloodcollection,locatedbetweentheduraandtheinnertableoftheskullB.reason:post-traumaticandassociatedwithaskullfractureandtearingofthemeningealvessels;mayresultfromatearoftheduralsinusandthenbevenousinorigin,morecommonintheposteriorfossa（窝，凹）andresultsfromatearofthetransverseofsigmoidsinus.C.Shape:biconvexorlentiformandnotcrescentic,maycrossthemidline.D.Marginisveryclear.2.SubduralHaematomaA:location:bloodcollectioninthesubduralspace.B.reason:post-traumaticandvenousinorigin;mayruptureofananeurysmC.Shape:crescentic,notlentiform;notclearmargin;usuallydonotcrossthemidline.D.MasseffectwithdisplacementofthemidlinestructureContusionandlacerationofbrainContusionofbrain（挫伤）Lacerationofbrain（裂伤）Diffuseinjuryofbrain（弥漫伤）SequelaoftraumaEncephalomalaciaBrainatrophyCystformationHydrocephalusSubduralfluidaccumulationCongenitalmalformation先天发育畸形corpuscallosum胼胝体Dysplasia发育不良congenitalhydrocephalus【积水】Arachnoidcyst蛛网膜囊肿heterotopicgreymatter灰质异位Tuberoussclerosis结节硬化Craniostenosis—smallskullHypoplasiaofseptumpellucidum透明隔发育不全foramenmagnum枕骨大孔cervicalspinalcanal.颈部椎管Displacementofthebrainstem脑干移位cerebellartonsils小脑扁桃体herniation（疝）Intracranialhematoma脑内血肿Epiduralhematoma硬膜外Subduralhematoma硬膜下

Biconvex双凸lentiform豆状Crescentic新月形encephalocele脑彭出myelomeningoceles脊髓脊膜脱出

【maineumi’ningoucie】Aneurysm动脉瘤Contusionofbrain（挫伤）Lacerationofbrain（裂伤）Diffuseinjuryofbrain（弥漫伤）Sequela后遗症Encephalomalacia脑软化Brainatrophy脑萎缩Hydrocephalus脑积水Subduralfluidaccumulation硬膜下积液cerebralinfarction梗塞ischemicarea缺血区focalnecrosis局灶坏死Atherosis动脉粥样化Atheroscleroticocclusion(栓塞）Embolism栓子embolicocclusionvasculitisandarterialspasm…血管炎，动脉痉挛unilateralhemiplegia（偏瘫）【hemi‘pligia】Coma昏迷【coume】Lacunarinfarction腔隙梗塞basalgangliaarea基底节区adjacentstructures.临近结构Obscuration模糊aphasias（失语）hemianopia（偏盲）cerebellarataxia(共济失调）diplopia（复视）sylvianfissure侧裂池subarachnoidhaemorrhageoculomotornerves动眼神经Carotid颈动脉cavernousaneurysm海绵状动脉瘤trigeminalneuralgia(pain).【neu’regia】三叉神经痛foramenmagnumcervicalspinalcanal.DisplacementofthebrainstemcerebellartonsilsherniationIntracranialhematomaEpiduralhematomaSubduralhematomaCongenitalmalformationcorpuscallosumDysplasiacongenitalhydrocephalusArachnoidcystheterotopicgreymatterTuberoussclerosisCraniostenosis—smallskullHypoplasiaofseptumpellucidumSequelaEncephalomalaciaBrainatrophyHydrocephalusSubduralfluidaccumulation

BiconvexlentiformCrescenticencephalocele

myelomeningoceles

【maineumi’ningoucie】AneurysmContusionofbrainLacerationofbrainDiffuseinjuryofbraincerebralinfarctionischemicareafocalnecrosisAtherosisAtheroscleroticocclusionEmbolismembolicocclusionvasculitisandarterial