高等学校研究生英语综合教程上Unit

高等学校研究生英语综合教程上UnitCulinaryDelightsinChinaReadingFocus

GlobalUnderstanding

2DetailedInformation3CriticalThinking4LanguagePoints5ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction6BackgroundInformation1ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstanding2LocalChinesecuisines3Everydishhasastory4Warmthandhospitalityexpressedbyfood(Paras.2-5)(Paras.6-11)(Paras.12-15)①Introduction(Para.1)LocalChinesecuisinesSichuancuisine:__________________________________________________________theuseofChinesepricklyashseedsandotherspiceslikechilipepper

ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingdeliciousyeteconomicalfamous

foritsspicyandhotfoodItiswidelyacknowledgedthatfromtheMingdynastiesonwards,thereareeightmajorschoolsofcuisinebasedonregionalcooking.(Para.2)school:学派LaoziisoneofthemainworksoftheSchoolofTaoist.ReadingFocus

–DetailedInformationHere,eachandeveryrestaurantprovidesdeliciousyeteconomicalculinaryfare.(Para.3)fare:n.票价；费用；旅客；食物例：1)Hecouldbarelyaffordthefare.他几乎付不起车费。2)Forfishers,thisistheeverydayfare,thoughnotusuallyforthemorningmealaswell!这些食物对渔民来说，虽然都是日常的食粮，但他们自己也甚少在早上享用。ReadingFocus

–DetailedInformation

Guangdongcuisine:withits_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________B.famousfor

__________________________________________

__________________________________________C._____________________________________ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingown

characteristicsthathas

exertedafar-reaching

influenceonother

partsof

Chinaandtheworlditsseafoodas

wellasforitsoriginality

andrefinedcooking

processesofferingvarioussoupsLocalChinesecuisinesGuangdongProvinceislocatedinsouthernChina,withamoderateclimateandabundantproduceallyearround.(Para.4)moderate:(adj.)neitherverybignorverysmall,veryhotnorverycold,veryfastnorveryslowetc中等的，适度的moderateexercise适度的运动amoderateincome过得去的收入havemoderatesuccess大致还算成功atamoderatespeed以适中的速度“produce”,usedasanoun,means

foodorotherthingsthathavebeengrownorproducedonafarmtobesolde.g.

freshlocalproduce新鲜特产

dairyproduce奶产品

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

Asoneoftheearliestportsopentoforeigntrade,theprovincehasdevelopedaculinaryculturewithitsowncharacteristicsthathasexertedafar-reachinginfluenceonotherpartsofChinaaswellasthroughouttheworldwhereitisthemostcommonlyavailableChinesecuisine.(Para.4)exert:vt.施加(影响、压力);运用(权威);耗费(自己的精力)例：1)Heexertedconsiderableinfluenceonthethinkingofthescientificcommunityontheseissues.他对科学界在这些问题上的思考施加了相当大的影响。2)Donotexertyourselfunnecessarily.不要无谓地耗费自己的精力。ReadingFocus

–DetailedInformationZhejiangcuisine:A.___________________B.____________________________________ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandinglightandexquisitewiththerefreshingflavors

ofnatureLocalChinesecuisines

Zhejiangcuisineislightandexquisite,andistypicaloffoodfromalongthelower

YangtzeRiver.(Para.5)

light:(adj.)foodoralchholicdrinkthatislighteitherdoesnothaveastrongflavororiseasytodigest

e.g.1)Wehadalightwhitewinewiththefish.2)alight,refreshingdessertexquisite:(adj.)

extremelybeautifulanddelicate

精致的；精美的e.g.

anexquisitehand-paintedvase精致的手绘花瓶

ReadingFocus–LanguagePoint

---butoftentheflavorislessauthenticcomparedtothatfoundinHangzhou,capitalofZhejiangProvince,whichhasuniqueaccesstothefishandwaterofWestLake.(Para.5)authentic:adj.真正的，真实的；可信的例：authenticItalianfood.正宗的意大利食品。

Ihadobtainedtheauthenticdetailsaboutthebirthoftheorganization.我已经弄到了有关该组织成立的可靠的详细资料ReadingFocus

–DetailedInformationEverydishhasastoryReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingGoubuli:A.Goubulisteamedbuns______________________________

_____________________________.B.Theywere________________________________________

_________________________________________________.DongpoMeat:A.___________________________________,agreatpoetoftheNorthernSongDynasty.B.________________________________________________.first

soldin

Tianjinabout

150

yearsago

sopopularthat

theownerhadnotimeto

answerhiscustomersThisdishwasnamedafter

SuDongpoHerewardedworkerswith

stewedporkinsoysauceItissaidthat,whenhewasinchargeofthedrainageworkfortheWestLake,SuDongporewardedworkerswithstewedporkinsoysauce,andpeoplelaternameditDongpoMeat,tocommemoratethisgiftedandgenerouspoet.(Para.9)

rewardsb.withsth.:奖赏Thosescientificandtechnologicalpersonnelhavebeenrewardedwithagreatsumofmoney.ReadingFocus

–DetailedInformationEverydishhasastoryReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingBuddhaJumpingovertheWall:Thisdishwascreatedinthe__________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________.B.Itisprepared_________________________________.C.______________________________.

GatheringSpringGarden

inFuzhou,Fujian,during

thereignofQingEmperor

Guangxu.withmore

than20mainingredientsApoetwroteapoemfor

thedish

BuddhaJumpingovertheWallwascreatedinarestaurantcalledGatheringSpring

GardeninFuzhou,Fujian,duringthereignoftheQingEmperor,Guangxu(1875-1908).

(Para.11)

reign:(n.)theperiodoftimeduringwhichsomeoneiskingorqueen

e.g.

changesthattookplaceduringhisreignreign:(v.)toruleanationorgroupofnationsastheirking,queen,oremperore.g.

GeorgeVIreignedfrom1936to1952.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

Fragrancespreadstotheneighborhoodoncethelidlifts,OnewhiffandtheBuddajumpsthewall,abandoningtheZenprecepts.(Para.11)坛启荤香飘四邻，佛闻弃禅跳墙来。ReadingFocus

–DetailedInformationWarmthandhospitalityexpressedbyfoodReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingEatinghabitshavenotchanged.A.Theoldandyoung__________________________________.B.Elders_____________________________________________

____________________________.C.Thehostessorhost___________________________________.D.Everyone___________________________________________.sitinorder

ofseniority

selectfoodforthe

youngand

theyoungmake

toaststotheeldersapportions

thedishestotreatgueststakesinto

considerationthe

needsofthe

groupTheeldersselectfoodfortheyoungwhiletheyoungmaketoaststotheelders.(Para.12)

Ifyoumakeatoasttosomeone,youdrinksomethinginordertothankthem,wishthemlucketc.e.g.

I'dliketomakeatoasttothebrideandgroom.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

InChina,foodeatenduringfestivalsisparticularlyimportant.Atdifferentfestivals,

peoplepartakeofdifferentfare.(Para.15)

partakeof:toeatordrinksomethingthatisofferedtoyou

e.g.

1)Grandmotherlikestopartakeofasmallglassofsherrybeforelunch.

2)Willyoupartakeofaglassofwine?

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingSpecialfoodforsocial

festivals:A.__________________________________________________.B.__________________________________________________.C.__________________________________________________.JiaozifortheSpringFestivalYuanxiaofortheLantern

FestivalZongziforDuanwuFestivalWarmthandhospitalityexpressedbyfoodAttheDuanwufestival,peopleeatzongzi,glutinousricewrappedintriangularshapeinreedleaves,tocommemoratethebelovedpoetQuYuan,whodrownedhimselfintheMiluoRiverafterbeingpoliticallywronged.(Para.15)

wrong:n.坏事；不公正adj.错误的；失常的；不适当的vt.委屈；无理地对待；诽谤Youwrongedhimwhenyousaidthathewasdishonest.你说他不诚实是屈了他了。ReadingFocus

–DetailedInformationTextExploration

Task2Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthesentencefromthetext.(P43)

ReadingFocus

–DetailedInformationKey1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-CDABDBBDABTask1Choosetheanswerthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesentence.(P46)ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-ABBCBABCACTask21.budA.Ablossomdevelopsfroma

_______.B.Inthispoem,the

_____________

flowermeansyouth.2.accessA.Theonly

_________tothatancientcastleisalongamuddytrack.B.Userscan

_________theirvoicemailremotely.3.tasteA.Themedicinehadaslightlybitter

_________.B.Therewasalotofhardworkbeforewefirst

________success.Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriateformofthewordgivenandexplainitsmeaning.(P47)ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

bud(n.)budding(adj.)access(n.)access(v.)taste(n.)taste(v.)4.foolA.Katherinewasnobody’s

_______whenitcametomoney.B.It’snogood

_________yourself.He’duceA.Thefactory____________anincredible100carsperhour.B.Weselltinnedgoodsandlocal

_____________.6.garnishA.They

___________theroomwithmodernpaintings.B.Thechickenwasservedwith

_____________ofparsleyandgreenonion.7.reignA.TheQueen

___________butdoesnotrule.B.Theking’s

____________lastedfor30years.ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

fool(n.)fooling(n.)produces(v.)produces(n.)garnish(v.)garnishes(n.)reigns(v.)reign(n.)8.concernA.Environmentalprotectionisagrowing___________inChina.B.Helovedhiswife,and_____________A.Thebuildingis__________afterasuccessfulentrepreneur.B.CouldIcallyoubyyourfirst_________?10.practiceA.I’ve_____________playingthepianoforfiveyears.B.Itishis_____________totakeawalkafterdinnereveryevening.ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

concern(n.)concerned(v.)named(v.)name(n.)practiced(v.)practice(n.)Task3Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordfromthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

masterpieceintegratepartakesteamchoiceamazepleasurepresentaspirehand CuisineinChinaisaharmonious1)__________ofcolor,taste,shapeandfragrance.Forthecookingprocess,chefspick2)_______andvariedingredientsandseasoningsandemploytheunparalleledandcomplicatedskills3)_______downfromtheirfathers,always4)________totheiridealofperfectionforallthesenses.Amongthemanycookingmethodstheyuseareboiling,stewing,braising,frying,5)_________,crisping,baking,egrationchoicehandedaspiringsteamingWhentheyfinishtheir

6)___________theyarearrangedonavarietyofplatesanddishessothattheyareareal7)__________

toview,tosmellandultimatelytosavor.Thefacilityto8)_________ofthesedelightsisalso

distinctive—chopsticks!Toseeeventhesmallestchildeatwithsuchdexterityisquite9)__________formanyforeigners.Theuseoftwosimplesticksinthiswayisanartinitselfandchopstickshave

determinedthewayinwhichChinesefoodis10)__________atthetable.ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

masterpiecespleasurepartakeamazingpresentedmasterpieceintegratepartakesteamchoiceamazepleasurepresentaspirehandACuisineCrisisReadingMoreDiscussingroupstoidentifythemissinginformation.ReadingMore—Global

UnderstandingAboutFrenchcuisineA.Asforrawmaterials,thereare:herbs,fruitsandvegetables________________________________________________;seafood,e.g.__________wildgame,e.g.________________________;andsausagesandcheeseslaidoutto___________________.piledhighin

greengrocers’

creativegeometricsoysterhare,venison,boarsmell

and

savorDiscussingroupstoidentifythemissinginformation.ReadingMore—Global

UnderstandingAboutFrenchcuisineB.NothinghasstoodforFrance’ssenseofexceptionalismmorefamouslythanitscooking.e.g.Waterhasmany________________

_____________tastesandthetaste

ofoliveoilscanbe___________

_______________.C.IfFrenchcuisinehasprestige,that’s

becausea._______________________________________________________________b.______________________________________________________________.

differentand

marketable

nutty,

fruity

impudentFrancehaschefs

whoare

interestedin

goodproductsFrancestillhaspeasantagriculture

aswellasfactoryfarmsReadingMore—Global

UnderstandingManyfactorscausedthedeclineofFrenchcuisineA.Globalization____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Manyfruitsandvegetablesontheoutdoor

market

areimportedfromforeigncountries.

Gallictalent,tasteandtechniquehavebeenexportedallovertheworldandatthesame

time,whatismediocre,cheap

andpopularhasbeenimported.ReadingMore—Global

UnderstandingManyfactorscausedthedeclineofFrenchcuisineB.Governmenttaxandeconomicpoliciesa.b.

c.

d.Moreandmorerestaurateurshavetocopewithredtape,nottomentionedictsfrom

BrusselsthataffecteverythingfromsalestaxestothebacteriaintheBrie.

The“harmonized”value-addedtaxesbenefitfast-foodchainswhilepenalizingsit-down

restaurants.Strictlaborlawsrestricthiring,firingandtemp-work.

Governmentregulations,forexample,CAP,favor

quantityoverquality.Youcan’tevenbesurewherethatboarbitthedust.(Para.2)bitethedust:(战斗中)受伤倒下；倒下死去;一败涂地，失败;受辱，丢脸例：Rowlingisn'tnamingnames,butshehassaidatleasttwocharacterswillbitethedust.罗林没有指名道姓，但她指出至少有两个角色会大败。ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

Thecongenialquaintnessofthestreetmarket,infact,drawsdirectlyonglobalization.(Para.3)congenial:意气相投的；性格相似的；适意的；一致的Sheandhewerecongenialcompanioninyouth.他和她是竹马青梅，志趣相投。Intheory,winemakerscandefusethethreatbysimplyshiftingproductiontomorecongeniallocations.从理论上来说，只要酿酒商把生产转移到更适宜的地区，就能化解这种威胁。drawon:利用，吸收Andwemustdrawonthelessonsofexperience.我们必须借鉴以往的经验教训。ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

Quiteliterally,

thatisnowwherealotofFrenchcookingbegins-and,increasingly,wheretheeraofgreatFrenchcuisineassomethingtrulyuniqueandexclusivetoFranceisslowlycomingtoanend.(Para.3)

exclusiveto:专为…所独有；独享Thestoryisexclusivetothisnewspaper.这家报纸独家报道这个材料。

解释：事实上，现在许多法国菜发源于此，而正是这儿却日益见证着真正独具法国特色的伟大的法式烹饪时代正在逐渐走向消亡。ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

FromtheNapaValleytotheThamesandTokyo,non-FrenchcookshavecrackedthecodesofthebestFrench

cuisine.(Para.4)Paraphrase:CooksfromotherpartsoftheworldhavelearnedthehighlightsoftheFrenchcuisine.crack:(v.)tosolveacomplicatedproblem,ortofindtheanswertoamystery解决(难题)；解开(秘密)e.g.

Detectivesbelievetheycancrackthecase.侦探们相信他们可以破这个案子。

ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

Meanwhile,whatwasmediocre

elsewhere—albeit

cheapandpopular—hasbeenimported.(Para.4)

mediocre:(adj.)

notverygoode.g.

1)

Ithoughtthebookwasprettymediocre.

2)He’sapersonofmediocreabilities.albeit:(conj.)although;evenif;eventhough尽管，即使；纵然e.g.apeaceful,albeitbriefretirement虽然短暂但却很平静的退休生活

ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

TheyhavebecomeensnarledintheredtapeforwhichFranceisinfamous.(Para.5)ensnarl:

vt.使缠绕e.g.

tobeensnarledinthewebofprejudice陷入偏见之中不能自拔infamous:wellknownforsomethingbad

e.g.

aninfamouscriminal臭名昭著的罪犯ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

ButtherealparadoxofFrenchcooking—inFrance,atleast—isthatartisticsuccessoftenspellsbusinessdisaster.(Para.7)paradox:

situationorideathatisstrangebecauseithasfeaturesorqualitiesthatyouwouldnotexpecttoexisttogether自相矛盾的情况；似非而是的说法；悖论

e.g.theparadoxofpeoplewiththebestqualificationsnot

beingabletogetjobs高学历的人无法找到工作的怪事spelltrouble/disaster/dangeretc:ifasituationoractionspellstroubleetc,itmakesyouexpecttroubleetc:招致e.g.

1)Thelackofraincouldspelldisasterforfarmers.2)Thesechangesspellruinforthecompany.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

IftheFrenchwereunderthesamefiscalregimeastheUnitedStates,we’dbeabletocreatetwiceasmanyjobs.(Para.8)regime:(n.)1)aparticularsystemofgovernmentormanagement,especiallyoneyoudisapproveof政体，政权

e.g.

military/totalitarian/fascistregime;

brutal/oppressive/corruptregime2)aparticularsystem,usedespeciallywhentalkingaboutaprevioussystem,oronethathasjustbeenintroduced管理制度

e.g.

Underthenewregime,allsheepandcattlewillbe

regularlytestedfordisease.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

Strictlaborlawsrestrictinghiring,firingandtemp-workalsofigureintheequation.(Para.9)1.figure:vi.出现，卷入，牵涉到（in）

2.equation:相等，方程式；（不同因素）综合体，（对某一过程起作用的）因素

Here,inthesentence,equationreferstothereasonsthatcausethedeclineofFrenchcuision.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

Manysmallfarmersandrestaurateursseemtobefightingarearguardactionjusttosurvive.(Para.11)fightingarearguardaction:tomakeadeterminedefforttopreventachangethatyouthinkisbad,althoughitseemstoolatetostopit

e.g.

1)Theyhavebeenfightingarearguardactiontostopasupermarketbeingbuiltontheland.2)Hefoughtastubbornrearguardactionagainstpoliticalreform.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

TheproblemsafflictingFrenchcuisineareemblematicofthosethatplaguetheeconomyasawhole.(Para.12)beemblematicof:是---的象征plague:(v.)tocausecontinualdiscomfort,suffering,ortroubletosomeone

e.g.

1)Hehasbeenplaguingmewithsillyquestions.2)Financialproblemscontinuedtoplaguethecompany.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

Choosetheanswerthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordorphraseinthesentence.

(P56)ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-AADBABCAABTask1Task2

e.g.Artisticsuccessoftenspellsbusinessdisaster.“Spell”meansindicate/signifyinthesentence.

Englishwordsassumedifferentmeaningsindifferentcontexts.Explainthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthecontext.(P57)ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

1.Thecongenialquaintnessofthestreetmarket,infact,drawsdirectlyonglobalization.“congenial”means________inthesentence.2.Non-FrenchcookshavecrackedthecodesofthebestFrenchcuisine.“crack”means_____________inthesentence.pleasantunderstandReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

3.AttheannualagriculturalfairinParisthisspring,visitorsnotonlyenjoyedsippingwines,butoliveoils.“fair”means________________________________

_____________________inthesentence.

4.Oliveoils—onealittlenutty,anotherquitefruity,someofthem,oneistemptedtosay,justalittleimpudent.“impudent”means________inthesentence.

aneventinwhichpeopleorbusinessesshow

orselltheirproductscheekyReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

5.

Considerthevalue-addedtaxesthatwere“harmonized”alloverEuropeduringthe1990s.“harmonized”means________inthesentence.

6.Theypenalizesit-downrestaurants,whetherhumble

bistrosorhautecuisine.“humble”means__________________inthesentence.

unifiedmodestorunpretentiousReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

7.TheCAPissupposedtobenefitsmallfarmers,keepthemonthelandandthusnurturetheterroirthatgivesFrenchcookingitssoul.“nurture”means________inthesentence.8.TheproblemsafflictingFrenchcuisineareemblematicofthosethatplaguetheeconomyasawhole.“afflict”means__________________inthesentence.“plague”means_____________inthesentence.cherishcause

painorsufferannoy/troubleReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

9.LikeFrenchcuisine,theFrencheconomystillholdstheoccasionalsurprise.“hold”means_______inthesentence.10.Butthebasicproblemsofbureaucracy,taxesandsocialreluctancetochangeremainaburdenforeveryone.“reluctance”means_____________inthesentence.haveunwillingnessPracticalTranslation

1.融合法融合法是指翻译时把主句和定语从句融合成一句简单句，其中的定语从句译成简单句中的谓语部分。由于限制性定语从句与主句关系较紧密，所以，融合法多用于翻译限制性定语从句，尤其是therebe结构带有定语从句的句型。定语从句的翻译（2）原句中的主句部分thereisaman翻译成“有人”，然后将定语从句译成句子的谓语部分。1)Thereisamandownstairswhowantstoseeyou.楼下有人要见你。2)Inourfactory,therearemanypeoplewhoaremuchinterestedinthenewinvention.

在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。3)BeingOKwithriskissomethingthatindustrydemands.企业要求员工能承受风险。原句中的主句部分therearemanypeople翻译成“许多人”，作译文的主语，然后将定语从句译成句子的谓语部分。与其将从句处理成带“的”的前置定语“接受风险是企业要求的东西”，或是后置的分句“承受风险，那是企业要求的”，都没有将主从句相融合译得更简洁紧凑。

2．转换法

有些定语从句从形式上看是定语从句，但从意义上分析却具有状语从句的性质和功能。翻译时应分析原文主句和从句之间的逻辑关系，然后译成相应的分句。1)AshardworkingasDogwas,hecouldnotkeepupwithdemandsohiscustomersoftenhadtowaitalongtimetobeserved.尽管狗子工作非常努力，可他还是无法满足顾客们的需求，所以他们只能等很长时间。上例英语定语从句被译成汉语的结果状语从句。2)Hewouldbearashmanwhoshouldventuretodefyworldpublicopinionandactarbitrarily.

如果有人公然反抗世界公众舆论而一意孤行，他定是个鲁莽之徒。3)Imetyourmother,whowasdoingshoppingatthesupermarket.你母亲在超市买东西时，我遇见了她。上例英语定语从句被译成汉语的条件状语从句。这里，将英语定语从句译成汉语的时间状语从句。4)Heinsistedonbuildinganotherhouse,whichhehadnousefor.

他坚持要再造一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。5)Heiscollectingauthenticmaterialthatproveshisargument.为了证明他的论点，他正在收集确凿的材料。6)Icouldnotrecognizeher,