高中英语人教版Unit1Friendship unit1periodthree

PeriodThreeGrammar&Writing语法感知将下列直接引语改为间接引语1．Ourgeographyteachersaidtous，“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”→Ourgeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.2．Shesaidtome，“Icamebackanhourago.”→Shetoldme(that)shehadcomebackanhourbefore.3．“Canyouhelpmewithmychemistry？”TomaskedSara.→TomaskedSaraif/whethershecouldhelphimwithhischemistry.4．Thelawyersaid，“Iwillcomethismorning.”→Thelawyersaidthatshe/hewouldgothatmorning.5．“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays？”heasked.→HeaskedmewhereIhadbeenthosedays.语法精析对于直接引语和间接引语的掌握，我们可以遵循这样一个原则：一个概念，两种形式，三种句型，四种变化。一个概念：直接引述别人的原话，叫作直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫作间接引语。两种形式：直接引语前后要加引号；间接引语不用加引号。三种句型：陈述句、疑问句和祈使句。四种变化：人称、时态、语序和状语。一、陈述句直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that引导，that在口语中可以省略。Themansaid，“Iamverypoor.”→Themansaid(that)hewasverypoor.二、疑问句1．直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if引导。Heaskedme，“AreyouinterestedinWeChat？”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasinterestedinWeChat.2．直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who，whom，whose，how，when，why，where等引导。“Whydidsherefusetogothere？”theteacherasked.→Theteacheraskedwhyshehadrefusedtogothere.三、直接引语变为间接引语时的四种变化1．直接引语变间接引语时，要注意人称的变化。对于人称的变化，可记住下面的顺口溜：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。”(1)“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称而变化。Shesaid，“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.(2)“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若直接引语中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人称所修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。HeaskedKate，“Howisyoursisternow？”→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.(3)“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。MrSmithsaid，“Jackisagoodworker.”→MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodworker.2．直接引语变为间接引语时，主句的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。变化如下：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时注意：直接引语变为间接引语时，从句时态不发生变化的情况：(1)主句的时态是一般现在时或一般将来时，变为间接引语时，从句时态不变。Hesays，“Iamveryhappy.”→Hesaysthatheisveryhappy.(2)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时，其时态不变。“Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth，”theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.(3)直接引语中有具体的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。Tomsaid，“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”→TomsaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.3．直接引语是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时要把疑问句的语序变为陈述句的语序。Heaskedme，“Doyoureallyunderstandthemeaningofthesentence？”→HeaskedmeifIreallyunderstoodthemeaningofthesentence.4．时间状语、地点状语、指示代词及方向性动词的变化。引语用词直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthesethose时间状语nowthentodaythatdaythismorningthatmorningtomorrowthenext/followingdayyesterdaythedaybeforelastnightthenightbeforenextweekthenext/followingweekagobefore地点状语herethere方向性动词bringtakecomego如果转述时是在原来的地方或说话的当天，就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。[题组训练]Ⅰ.将下列直接引语改为间接引语1．Hesaid，“Thesebooksaremine.”→Hesaidthosebookswerehis.2．Myteacherasked，“Ishecoming？”→Myteacheraskedwhether/ifhewascoming.3．Shesaid，“Mymothertookmetoanexhibitionyesterday.”→Shesaidthathermotherhadtakenhertoanexhibitionthedaybefore.4．MrWangsaid，“IwillleaveforShanghaionbusinessnextmonth，children.”→MrWangtoldthechildrenthathewouldleaveforShanghaionbusinessthenextmonth.5．ZhangHongsaidtome，“DoctorWangpassedawayin1948.”→ZhangHongtoldmethatDoctorWangpassedawayin1948.Ⅱ.将下列间接引语改为直接引语1．Janetoldmeshewasgoingtoinviteallherfriendstohaveaget­together.→“I’mgoingtoinviteallmyfriendstohaveaget­together，”Janetoldme.2．Sheaskedmeifmyfatherwasanengineer.→Sheaskedme，“Isyourfatheranengineer？”3．Iaskedherwhereshewasgoingandwhatshewasgoingtodothenextday.→Iaskedher，“Whereareyougoingandwhatareyougoingtodotomorrow？”4．Thestrangeraskedmewhatmynamewas.→Thestrangerasked，“What’syourname？”5．Shesaidthatshewouldfinishherworkthenextday.→“I’llfinishmyworktomorrow，”shesaid.高考链接单句语法填空1．Theexhibitiontellsuswhyweshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.(2023·四川)2．WemustfindoutwhenKarliscoming，sowecanbookaroomforhim.(2023·重庆)3．Youhavetoknowwhereyou’regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.(2023·湖南)4．Itrulybelievethatbeautycomesfromwithin.(2023·北京)5．Somepeoplebelievewhateverhashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.(2023·北京)6．Jameshasjustarrived，butIdidn’tknowhewascoming(come)untilyesterday.(2023·重庆)7．Expertsbelievethatpeoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.(2023·北京)8．“Whatdoyouwanttobe？”askedMrsCrawford.“Oh，Iwillbe(be)president，”saidtheboy，withasmile.(2023·湖南)写作指导建议信属于应用文。建议信是向收信人就某事提出自己的建议或忠告，以便让对方接受自己的想法、主张并解决有关问题。建议信可以写给个人，就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法或观点；也可以写给某个组织或者机构，就改进其服务等提出建议或忠告。建议信要给出写信的原因、建议的内容、提出建议的理由，而且提出的理由要合情合理，语气一定要得当，既要委婉礼貌，又要有说服力。1．信件的基本格式。(1)信头(heading)：写信人的姓名和地址要写在右上角，收信人的姓名和地址要写在左上角。(2)称呼(salutation)，即对收信人的称呼，一般用Dear/Mydear...。(3)正文(body)，即信件的主要内容。(4)信尾客套语(complimentaryclose)，写信人在信的右(或左)下角写上表示自己对收信人一种礼貌客气的谦称，一般有Sincerelyyours，Yourssincerely，Yourstruly，Yours等。(5)信尾签名(signature)，在信末写上写信人的姓名，如：LiHua。2．建议信的特点。简明扼要、目的明确，具有合理性和说服力。3．明确写作意图。简要陈述事由，简单介绍自己，注意语气。4．写作技巧与方法。针对具体情况提出善意的建议。首段：简单介绍自己，说明目的，注意语气。主体：提出具体建议，时时提到你我，否则容易跑题写成议论文。5．总结建议。对自己提出的所有建议，简要地作个小结，提出希望采纳建议。常用表达1．Iamwritingtoexpressmyviewsconcerning...2．Iwouldliketosuggestthat...3．Youhaveaskedformyadvicewithregardto...andIwilltrytomakesomesuggestions.4．Whydon’tyoubuyacomputer?5．Haveyouconsidereddoing...?6．Maybeitwouldbebetterto...7．Thereareseveralthingswecoulddo.8．Ihopeyouwillfindtheseproposals/suggestionspractical/useful/helpful.典题示例假如你是你校英语报社的编辑MissWang，现在小冬因不善于交流在交友过程中遇到了困难，请你用英语给他写一封80词左右的回信，给他提出一些建议和意见。注意：开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。写作步骤StepOne审题谋篇写作要求是就如何交友提出建议。写作时应注意下面几点：1．确定文体：这是一篇建议信。写作时注意建议信的写作特点。2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时和一般将来时为主。3．主体人称：由于是给对方提出建议，所以人称应该以第二人称为主。StepTwo联想词汇1．做某事有困难havetrouble/difficultyindoingsth.2．交朋友makefriends3．听从建议follow/takeone’sadvice4．与……有共同点have...incommonwith...5．与……相处得好getalong/onwellwith6．积极参加takeanactivepartin7．逐渐认识gettoknow8．处于困境中introubleStepThree句式升级1．首先，了解一下你的同学的好恶吧。First，you’dbetterlearnaboutyourclassmates’likesanddislikes.(hadbetter)First，whynotlearnaboutyourclassmates’likesanddislikes？(Whynot...？)2．其次，积极参加班里的讨论有助于显示你是友好的。Second，ifyoutakeanactivepartinthediscussionsinyourclass，itcanhelptoshowyouarefriendly.(if条件句)Second，takinganactivepartinthediscussionsinyourclasshelpstoshowyouarefriendly.(动名词作主语)3．第三，当人们遇到麻烦时，帮助他们会是个好主意。Third，whenpeopleareintrouble，helpingthemwillbeagoodidea.(动名词作主语)Third，itwouldbeagoodideatohelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.(it作形式主语)StepFour连句成篇DearXiaodong，I’msorryyouarehavingtroubleinmaking，thesituationiseasytochangeifyoutakemyaresometipstohelpyou.First，whynotlearnaboutyourclassmates’likesanddislikes？Thenyoucanfindyouhavemuchincommonwiththem，anditcanhelpyougetalongwellwith，takinganactivepartinthediscussionsinyourclasshelpstoshowyouare，youcangettoknowmoredifferentpeople，itwouldbeagoodideatohelpotherswhentheyareintroubleandshowthemyouarejustkind­heartedandhelpfultopeopleallaround.Withtimegoingon，peoplewillknowyoubetterandwillliketomakefriendswithyouifyoufollowthetipsabove.Yours，MissWangⅠ.单元语法A．将下列直接引语改为间接引语1．Thehistoryteachersaidtothem，“TheChineseCommunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st,1921.”→ThehistoryteachertoldthemthattheChineseCommunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st,1921.2．“Whereareyougoing？”thefatheraskedhisson.→Thefatheraskedhissonwherehewasgoing.3．“Ihaven’theardfrommyparentsthesedays，”saidMary.→Marysaid(that)shehadn’theardfromherparentsthosedays.4．“DidyouvisitBeijingtwoyearsago？”heaskedme.→Heaskedmeif/whetherIhadvisitedBeijingtwoyearsbefore.5．Hesaid，“I’mnotgoingtoinvitehertotheparty.”→Hesaidthathewasnotgoingtoinvitehertotheparty.B．将下列间接引语改为直接引语6．ItoldhimthatIhadlostmymoneyandthatIwouldfindit.→Isaidtohim，“Ihavelostmywillfindit.”7．Thedoctoraskedhimhowhewasfeelingthen.→“Howareyoufeelingnow？”thedoctoraskedhim.8．Thewomanaskedthepolicemanifhecouldtellherhowtogettothenearestrestaurant.→“Canyoutellmehowtogettothenearestrestaurant？”thewomanaskedthepoliceman.9．Thewomanaskedhimwhyhehadtosleepintheopenair.→Thewomanaskedhim，“Whydoyouhavetosleepintheopenair？”10．LeesaidthathejoinedtheLeaguein1959.→Leesaid，“IjoinedtheLeaguein1959.”Ⅱ.阅读理解(2023·河北承德实验中学高一上期中)WhenmydaughterSarawasinthefifthgrade，shecametomewithaproblem.“Marcyhatesme！”shecried.“BecauseKathyismyfriend，wantsmetobeherfriendandnobodyelse’talktotellherthatIwanttobeherfriend，butIcanhaveotherfriends，too！”Oh!Ilookedatherforafewmoments，wonderinghowIgotintothismess，whensuddenlyanideacametome.Pickinguptwobasketsfromthelivingroom，Iexplained，“Wheneveryoneisborn，heorshehasalittlelittleonehereisbigoneisyougrow，sodoesthecanseeyourlittlebasketisinsideminebecausewhenyouwereborn，thereweretoomanythingsyoucouldn’tdofordideverythingyoucouldn’tdoonyourown.”Shenodded.“Well，asyougrewolderandbegantodosomethingsonyourown，Ibeganplacingafewmorethingsinyouryoulearnedtotieyourshoes，thatwentinyourbasket.”Shesaidsoftly，“Icantiemyownshoes.”“yougrowolder，therewillbemoreandmorethingsyoumustdoonyourown.”AsIspoke，Igraduallytookherbasketoutofmineandhandedittoher.“Youwillfinallycarryyourownbasketwiththingsonlyyoucando.”Shelookedupatmeandsaid，“IaresomethingsthatIhavetodoformyselfbecausetheyareinmybasket.”语篇解读上五年级的女儿向作者求助与朋友相处的问题，作者用两个篮子的例子来教育女儿要学会自己解决一些问题。11．WhatwasSara’sproblem?A．Shedidn’thaveabasket.B．Shedidn’twantherownbasket.C．Hermotherwastoohardonher.D．Shecouldn’tdealwithherfriendship.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“‘Marcyhatesme！’shecried.‘BecauseKathyismyfriend，wantsmetobeherfriendandnobodyelse’talktotellherthat...’”可知，女儿遇到的麻烦是不会处理和别人的友谊。12．Whatdidtheauthorfeelwhensheheardherdaughter’sproblem?A．Angry. B．Crazy.C．Helpless. D．Proud.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Oh!Ilookedatherforafewmoments，wonderinghowIgotintothismess...”可知，作者在刚开始听到女儿的麻烦时，是束手无策的。故选C项。13．WecaninferthatSara.A．wouldn’tmakefriendswithKathyB．wouldtalktoMarcyherselfC．wastooyoungtodealwithanythingD．managedtopersuadehermothertohelpher答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“TherearesomethingsthatIhavetodoformyselfbecausetheyareinmybasket.”可知，Sara在听了作者的教导之后，应该会自己去和Marcy谈谈。Ⅲ.语法填空(2023·杭州七校高一上期中联考)I’mwritingthelettertorequestyourhelp.Atpresent，I’mbusy(prepare)foranEnglishplay，whichisbased(much)onschoollifethanonsocial’mplayingimportantpartin，IwanttomakethebestuseofthisopportunityenrichmyifIamrecognizedasafluentEnglishspeaker，someproblemshavecomebecauseofcultural(different)，suchasvocabularyandisthelatterhasgraduallybecomemoredifficultthanfarasIknow，youhaveagoodcommandofEnglishaswellaswonderyoucouldspareyourvaluabletimetooffermesome(practice)adviceonhowtoperformwellinit.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Ⅳ.应用文写作假设你是李华，你的朋友Tony去了美国上高中，他写信告诉你他很不习惯美国的校园生活，感到很孤独。请你根据要求用英语写一封信给他提建议：1．学好英语，多交一些朋友，从而增加和别人交流的机会；2．学会独立学习，有困难向老师求助；3．积极参加各种活动，使自己的生活更加丰富有趣；4．其他建议。注意：1.词数80左右；2．信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearTony，I’msorrytohearthatyoufeelitdifficulttoaccustomyourselftoyournewschoollifeinAmerica.Whatdoyouthinkofmyopinion?Believeinyourselfandyouwillenjoyyournewschoollifetheresoon.Yours，LiHua参考范文DearTony，I’msorrytohearthatyoufeelitdifficulttoaccustomyourselftoyournewschoollifeinyourbestfriend，I’dliketogiveyousomesuggestions.Firstofall，learningEnglishwellisawhenyouspeakEnglishfluentlycanyoufindmoreopportunitiestocommunicatewith，youshouldlearntostudydon’tbeafraidofaskingtheteacherforhelpwhenyoumeetsome’smore，trytomakemorefriendsandtakepartinsomeschoolactivitiesactively，whichwillhelpyouforgetyourlonelinessandmakeyourlifemoreinterestingascourse，sometimesreadingsomeinterestingbookscanalsogiveyougreatfun.Whatdoyouthinkofmyopinion?Believeinyourselfandyouwillenjoyyournewschoollifetheresoon.Yours，LiHuaⅤ.读后续写(2023·温州中学高一上期中)阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。Iwasrespondingtoacallfromasmallbrickflat(用砖做的公寓)inaquietpartofassumedIwasbeingsenttopickupsomeparty­goers，orsomeonewhohadjusthadafightwithalover，oraworkerheadingtoanearlyshiftatsomefactoryfortheindustrialpartoftown.WhenIarrivedat2：30a．m.,thebuildingwasdarkexceptforasinglelightinagroundfloorsuchcircumstances,manydriversjusthonk(按喇叭)onceortwice，waitaminute，thendriveIhadseentoomanyweakpeoplewhodependedontaxisastheironlymeansoftransportation.Unlessasituationsmelledofdanger，Ialwayswenttothedoor.Thispassengermightbesomeonewhoneedsmyassistance，IreasonedtoIwalkedtothedoorandknocked.“Justaminute，”answeredafrail，elderlycouldhearsomethingbeingdraggedacrossthealongpause，thedoorsmallwomaninher80sstoodbeforewaswearingaprintdressandapillboxhat，likesomebodyoutofa1940shersidewasasmallnylonsuitcase.Theapartmentlookedasifnoonehadlivedinitforthefurniturewascoveredwithwerenoclocksonthewalls,noequipmentonthethecornerwasacardboardboxfilledwithphotosandglassware.“Wouldyoucarrymybagouttothecar？”shetookthesuitcasetothecab，thenreturnedtoassistthetookmyarm，andwewalkedslowlytowardthecab.Shekeptthankingmeformykindness.“It’snothing，”Itoldher.“IjusttrytotreatmypassengersthewayIwou