年高考英语考试大纲

考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右。二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应能：1）理解主旨要义；2）获取具体的、事实性信息；3）对所听内容做出推断；4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：1）理解主旨要义；2）理解文中具体信息；3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；4）做出判断和推理；5）理解文章的基本结构；6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。考生应能：1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；2）有效运用所学语言知识。4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。考生应能：1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；2）做到语音、语调自然；3）做到语言运用得体；4）使用有效的交际策略。附录1语音项目表基本读音26个字母的读音元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母在轻读音节中的读音元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音辅音字母组合的读音辅音连缀的读音成节音的读音重音单词重音句子重音读音的变化连读失去爆破弱读同化语调与节奏意群与停顿语调节奏语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录附录2语法项目表名词可数名词及其单复数不可数名词专有名词名词所有格代词人称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词不定代词疑问代词数词基数词序数词介词和介词短语连词形容词(比较级和最高级 )副词 (比较级和最高级 )冠词动词动词的基本形式系动词及物动词和不及物动词助动词情态动词时态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时过去将来时将来进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时被动语态非谓语动词动词不定式动词的 -ing形式动词的 -ed形式构词法合成法派生法转化法缩写和简写句子种类陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句句子成分主语谓语表语宾语定语状语(7)补简单句的基本句型主谓一致并列复合句主从复合句宾语从句状语从句定语从句主语从句表语从句间接引语省略倒装强调虚拟语气附录3功能意念项目表社会交往(SocialCommunications)问候 (Greetings)介绍 (Introduction)告别 (Farewells)感谢 (Thanks)道歉 (Apologies)邀请 (Invitation)请求允许 (Askingforpermission)祝愿和祝贺(Expressingwishesandcongratulations)提供帮助 (Offeringhelp)接受和拒绝 (Acceptanceandrefusal)约会(Makingappointments)打电话(Makingtelephonecalls)就餐 (Havingmeals)就医 (Seeingthedoctor)购物 (Shopping)问路 (Askingtheway)谈论天气(Talkingaboutweather)语言交际困难(Languagedifficultiesincommunication)提醒注意 (Reminding)警告和禁止 (Warningandprohibition)劝告 (Advice)建议 (Suggestions)态度(Attitudes)同意和不同意 (Agreementanddisagreement)喜欢和不喜欢 (Likesanddislikes)肯定和不肯定 (Certaintyanduncertainty)可能和不可能 (Possibilityandimpossibility)能够和不能够(Abilityandinability)偏爱和优先选择 (Preference)意愿和打算 (Intentionsandplans)希望和愿望 (Hopesandwishes)表扬和鼓励 (Praiseandencouragement)责备和抱怨 (Blameandcomplaint)冷淡(Indifference)判断与评价(Judgementandevaluation)3.情感(Emotions)高兴 (Happiness)惊奇 (Surprise)忧虑 (Worries)安慰 (Reassurance)满意 (Satisfaction)遗憾 (Regret)同情 (Sympathy)恐惧 (Fear)愤怒 (Anger)时间(Time)时刻(Pointoftime)时段 (Duration)频度 (Frequency)时序(Sequence)5.空间(Space)位置 (Position)方向 (Direction)距离(Distance)6.存在(Existence)存在与不存在(ExistenceandNon-existence)7.特征(Features)形状 (Shape)颜色 (Colour)材料 (Material)价格 (Price)规格 (Size)年龄 (Age)计量(Measurement)长度 (Length)宽度 (Width)高度 (Height)数量 (Number)9.比较(Comparison)同级比较 (Equalcomparison)差别比较 (Comparativeandsuperlative)相似和差别(Similarityanddifference)10.逻辑关系(Logicalrelations)原因和结果 (Causeandeffect)目的(Purpose)职业(Occupations)工作 (Jobs)单位 (Employer)附录4话题项目表个人情况(Personalinformation)家庭、朋友与周围的人 (Family,friendsandpeoplearound)周围的环境 (Personalenvironments)日常活动 (Dailyroutines)学校生活 (Schoollife)兴趣与爱好 (Interestsandhobbies)个人感情 (Emotions)人际关系 (Interpersonal relationships)计划与愿望 (Plansandintentions)节假日活动 (Festivals,holidaysandcelebrations)购物 (Shopping)饮食 (Foodanddrink)健康 (Health)天气 (Weather)文娱与体育 (Entertainmentandsports)旅游和交通 (Travelandtransport)语言学习 (Languagelearning)自然 (Nature)世界与环境 (Theworldandtheenvironment)科普知识与现代技术 (Popularscienceandmoderntechnology)热点话题(Topicalissues)历史与地理 (Historyandgeography)社会(Society)文学与艺术 (Literatureandart)附录附录5词汇表Aaccommodationa(an)artaccompanyvabandonvaccomplishvabilitynaccountnableaaccountantnabnormalaaccumulatevaboardprepaccuracynabolishvaccurateaabortionnaccusevaboutad&prepaccustomedaaboveprep,a&adachev&nabroadadachievevabruptaachievementnabsencenacidaabsentaacknowledgevabsoluteaacquaintancenabsorbvacquirevabstracta&nacquisitionnabsurdaacrenabundantaacrossprepabusevactn&vacademica&nactionnacademynactiveaacceleratevactivitynaccentnactornacceptvactressnaccessn&vactualaaccessibleaacuteaaccidentnADabbr

adaptvafraidaadaptationnAfricanaddvAfricana&naddictedaafterad,prep&conjadditionnafternoonnaddressnafterward(s)adadequateaagainadadjustvagainstprepadjustmentnagenadministrationnagencynadmirableaagendanadmirevagentnadmissionnaggressiveaadmitvagoadadolescencenagreevadolescenta&nagreementnadoptvagriculturalaadorevagriculturenadultnaheadadadvancev&naidn&vadvantagenAIDSnadventurenaimn&vadvertisevairnadvertisementnaircraftnadvicenairlinenadvisevairmailnadvocatevairplanenaffairnairportnaffectvairspacenaffectionnalarmn&vad=advertisementnaffordv

albumnamazingaalcoholnambassadornalcoholica&nambassadressnalgebranambiguousaalikeadambitionnaliveaambulancenallad,a&pronAmericanallergicaamongprepalleynamountn&vallocatevampleaallowvamusevallowancenamusementnalmostadanalysevaloneaanalysisnalongad&prepancestornalongsideadanchorv&naloudadancientaalphabetnandconjalreadyadanecdotenalsoadangernalternativeaanglenalthoughconjangryaaltitudenanimalnaltogetheradanklenaluminiumanniversaryn(Amaluminum)nannouncevalwaysadannoyvamv(be)annualaa.m./am,A.M./AMabbranothera&pronamateuraanswern&vamazevantnAntarcticaappropriateaantiquenapprovalnanxietynapprovevanxiousaapproximatelyadanypron&aapronnanybodypronarbitraryaanyhowadarchnanyonepronarchitectnanythingpronarchitecturenanywayadArcticaanywhereadarev(be)apartad&aareanapartmentnarguevapologizevargumentnapologynarise(arose,arisen)vapparentaarithmeticnappealv&narmn&vappearvarmchairnappearancenarmynappendixnaroundad&prepappetitenarrangevapplaudv&narrangementnapplenarrestvapplicantnarrivalnapplicationnarrivevapplyvarrownappointvartnappointmentnarticlenappreciatevartificialaappreciationnartistnapproachn&vasad,conj&prepashnashamedaAsianAsianaashnashamedaAsianAsiana&nasideadaskvasleepaaspectnassessvassessmentnassistvassistancenassistantnassociatevassociationnassumevassumptionnastonishvastronautnastronomernastronomynatprepathletenathleticaAtlanticaatmospherenatomnattachvattackv&nattainvattemptv&nattendvattentionnattitudenattractvattractionnattractiveaaudiencenauntnauthenticaauthornauthoritynautomaticaautonomousaautumnnavailableaavenuenaveragea&navoidvawake(awoke,awoken)v&aawardnawareaawayadawesomeaawfulaawkwardaBbabynbachelornbackad,a&nbackgroundnbackward(s)adbaconnbacterium(plbacteria)nbad(worse,worst)abadmintonnbagnbaggagenbakerynbalancenbalconynballnballetnballoonnbamboonbann&vbanananbandnbandagenbanknbarnbarbecuenbarbernbarbershopnbareabargainn&vbarkv&nbarriernbasenbaseballnbasementnbasicabasinnbasisnbasketnbasketballnbatnbathnbathevbathroomnbathtubnbatterynbattlenbaynBCabbrbe(am,is,are,was,were,being,been)vbeachnbeannbeancurdnbear1nbear2vbeardnbeastnbeat(beat,beaten)v&nbeautifulabeautynbecauseconjbecome(became,become)vbednbeddingsnbedroomnbeenbeefnbike=bicyclenbeernbillnbeforeprep,ad&conjbingonbegvbiochemistrynbegin(began,begun)vbiographynbehalfnbiologynbehavevbirdnbehaviour(Ambehavior)nbirthnbehindprep&adbirthdaynbeingnbirthplacenbeliefnbiscuitnbelievevbishopnbellnbitnbellynbite(bit,bitten)vbelongvbitterabelowprepblacka&nbeltnblackboardnbenchnblamen&vbend(bent,bent)vblankn&abeneathprepblanketnbeneficialableedvbenefitn&vblessvbenta&nblindabesideprepblockn&vbesidesprep&adbloodnbetrayvblousenbetweenprepblow(blew,blown)vbeyondprepbluen&abicyclenboardn&vbidv&nboatnbigabodyn

boilvbrainnbombn&vbraken&vbondn&vbranchnbonenbrandnbonusnbraveabookn&vbraverynboomn&vbreadnbootnbreak(broke,broken)v&nboothnbreakfastnbordernbreakthroughnboredabreastnboringabreathnbornabreathevborrowvbreathlessabossnbrewerynbotanicalabricknbotanynbridenbotha&pronbridegroomnbothervbridgenbottlenbriefabottomnbrightabouncevbrilliantaboundabring(brought,brought)vboundarynbroadabowv&nbroadcast(broadcast,bowlnbroadcast或-ed,-ed)vbowlingnbrochurenboxnbrokenaboxingnbroomnboynbrothernboycottvbrownn&a

brunchnCbrushv&ncabnBuddhismncabbagenbudgetncafenbuffetncafeterianbuild(built,built)vcagenbuildingncakenbunchncalculatevbungalowncalln&vburdenncalma&vbureaucraticacamelnburglarncameranburn(burnt,burntcampn&v或-ed,-ed)v&ncampaignnburstvcan1(could);buryvcan’t=cannotmodalv2busncannbushncanalnbusinessncancelvbusinessman/womancancern(plbusinessmen/women)ncandidatenbusyacandlenbutconj&prepcandynbutchern&vcanteennbutterncapnbutterflyncapitalnbuttonn&vcapsulenbuy(bought,bought)vcaptainnbyprepcaptionnbyeintcarncarbonncardncaren&vcarefulacarelessacarpenterncarpetncarriagencarrierncarrotncarryvcartoonncarvevcasencashn&vcassettencast(cast,cast)vcastlencasualacatncataloguencatastrophencatch(caught,caught)vcategoryncatervCatholicacattlencausen&vcautionncautiousacavenceilingncelebratevcelebrationncellncentncentigradeacentimetre(Amcentimeter)ncentralacentre(Amcenter)ncenturynceremonyncertainacertificatenchainnchairnchairman/woman(plchairmen/women)nchalknchallengenchallengingachampionnchancenchangen&vchangeableachannelnchantv&nchaosnchapterncharacternCD=compactdiskncharacteristica&nchargev&nChristmasnchartnchurchnchatn&vcigarncheapacigarettencheatn&vcinemancheckn&vcirclen&vcheekncircuitncheern&vcirculatevcheerfulacircumstancecheersintcircusncheesencitizennchefncitynchemicala&ncivilachemistnciviliannchemistryncivilizationncheque(Amcheck)nclapvchessnclarifyvchestnclassnchewvclassicachickennclassifyvchiefa&nclassmatenchild(plchildren)nclassroomnchildhoodnclawnchocolatenclaynchoicencleanv&achoirncleanernchoken&vclearachoose(chose,chosen)vclerknchopsticksncleverachorusnclickvChristiannclimatenn

climbvcome(came,come)vclinicncomedynclockncomfortnclonevcomfortableaclosea&adcommandn&vclothncommentnclothesncommercialaclothingncommitvcloudncommitmentncloudyacommitteenclubncommonaclumsyacommunicatevcoachncommunicationncoalncommunismncoastncommunistn&acoatncompanionncocoancompanyncoffeencomparevcoinncompassncoincidencencompensatevcokencompetevcolda&ncompetencencollarncompetitionncolleaguencompletea&vcollectvcomplexa&ncollectionncomponentncollegencompositionncollisionncomprehensionncolour(Amcolor)n&vcompromisevcombn&vcompulsoryacombinevcomputern

concentratevconstantaconceptnconstitutionnconcernv&nconstructvconcertnconstructionnconcludevconsultvconclusionnconsultantnconcreteaconsumevcondemnvcontainvconditionncontainernconductvcontemporaryaconductorncontent1n2conferencencontentaconfidentacontinentnconfidentialacontinuevconfirmvcontradictvconflictncontradictoryaconfusevcontraryn&acongratulatevcontributevcongratulationncontributionnconnectvcontrolv&nconnectionncontroversialaconsciencenconveniencenconsensusnconvenientaconsequencenconventionalaconservationnconversationnconservativeaconveyvconsidervconvincevconsiderateacookn&vconsiderationncookernconsistvcookienconsistentacoola

copyn&vcreaturencornncreditncornerncrewncorporationncrimencorrectv&acriminalncorrectionncriterion(plcriteria)correspondvcropncorrupta&vcrossn&vcostn&vcrossingncosy(Amcozy)acrossroadsncottagencrowdn&vcottonn&acruelacoughn&vcryn&vcouldmodalvcubencountvcubicacounterncuisinencountrynculturencountrysidencupncouplencupboardncouragencuren&vcoursencuriousacourtncurrencyncourtyardncurriculumncousinncurtainncovern&vcushionncowncustomncrashv&ncustomerncrayonncustomsncrazyacut(cut,cut)v&ncreamncyclevcreatevcyclistnn

declarevDdeclinevdad=daddyndecoratevdailya,ad&ndecorationndamndecreasevdamagen&vdeedndampa&ndeepa&addancen&vdeerndangerndefeatvdangerousadefence(Amdefense)ndarev&modalvdefendvdarka&ndegreendarknessndelayn&vdashv&ndeletev&ndatandeliberatelyaddatabasendelicateadaten&vdeliciousadaughterndelightndawnndelightedadayndelivervdeadademandvdeadlinendentistndeafadepartment(Dept.)ndealndeparturendearadependvdeathndepositv&ndebaten&vdepthndebtndescribevdecadendescriptionndecidevdesertv&ndecisionndeservev

designv&ndilemmandesirev&ndimensionndeskndinnerndesperateadinosaurndessertndioxidendestinationndipvdestroyvdiplomandetectivendirecta&vdeterminevdirectionndevelopvdirectorndevelopmentndirectoryndevotevdirtyadevotionndisabilityndiagramndisabledadialvdisadvantagendialogue(Amdialog)ndisagreevdiamondndisagreementndiaryndisappearvdictationndisappointvdictionaryndisappointedadievdisasterndietndiscountndiffervdiscouragevdifferencendiscovervdifferentadiscoveryndifficultadiscriminationndifficultyndiscussvdig(dug,dug)vdiscussionndigestvdiseasendigitaladisgustingadignityndishndisk=discndisk=discndislikevdismissvdistancendistantadistinctionndistinguishvdistributevdistrictndisturbvdisturbingadivevdiverseadividevdivisionndivorcevdizzyado(did,done)vdoctorndocumentndogndollndollarndonatevdoorndormitory(dorm)ndotndoublea&ndoubtn&vdownprep&addownloadn&vdownstairsaddowntownad,n&adozennDr=doctorndraftn&vdragvdraw(drew,drawn)vdrawbackndrawerndream(dreamt,dreamt或-ed,-ed)n&vdressn&vdrilln&vdrink(drank,drunk)vdrive(drove,driven)vdriverndropn&vdrugndrumndrunkadryv&aduckndueadulladumplingnduringprepduskndustndustbinndustyadutynDVD=digitalversatilediskdynamicadynastynEeacha&proneageraeaglenearnearlya&adearnvearthnearthquakeneasta,ad&nEasterneasternaeasyaeat(ate,eaten)vecologynedgeneditionneditorneducateveducationneducatorneffectneffortneggneggplantneithera,conj&adeldernelectvelectricaelectricalaelectricitynelectronicaelegantaelephantnelseade-mailn&vembarrassvembassynemergencynemperornemployvemptyaencouragevencouragementnendn&vendingnendlessaenemynenergeticaenergynenginenengineernenjoyvenjoyableaenlargevenoughpron,a&adenquirynenterventerprisenentertainmentnenthusiasticaentireaentrancenentrynenvelopenenvironmentnenvyventerprisenentertainmentnenthusiasticaentireaentrancenentrynenvelopenenvironmentnenvyv&nequala&vequalitynequipvequipmentnerasernerrorneruptvescapen&vespeciallyadessaynEuropenEuropeana&nevaluatevevenadeveningneventneventuallyadeveradeveryaeverybodyproneverydayaeveryoneproneverythingproneverywhereadevidencenevidentaevolutionnexactaexam=examinationnexaminevexamplenexcellentaexceptprepexchangen&vexcitevexcusen&vexercisen&vexhibitionnexistvexistencenexitnexpandvexpectvexpectationnexpensenexpensiveaexperiencenexperimentnexpertnexplainvexplanationnexplicitaexplodev

explorevfantasticaexportn&vfantasynexposevfar(farther,farthestexpressv&n或further,furthest)a&adexpressionnfarenextensionnfarmnextraafarmernextraordinaryafasta&adextremeafastenveyenfatn&aeyesightnfathernfaultnFfavour(Amfavor)nfacen&vfavourite(Amfavorite)a&nfacialafaxn&vfactnfearnfactorynfeastnfadevfeathernfailv&nfederalafailurenfeenfair1afeed(fed,fed)vfair2nfeel(felt,felt)vfaithnfeelingnfall1(fell,fallen)vfellownfall2(Am)=autumnnfemalea&nfalseafencenfamiliaraferrynfamilynfestivaln&afamousafetchvfannfevernfancyn,v&afewpron&afibre(Amfiber)nfictionnfieldnfierceafight(fought,fought)n&vfiguren&vfilenfillvfilmn&vfinalafinancenfind(found,found)vfine1 afine2vfingernfingernailnfinishv&nfiren&vfireworksnfirm1nfirm2afishn&vfishermannfistnfita&vfixvflagnflamenflashnflashlightnflat1aflat2nflee(fled,fled)vfleshnflexibleaflightnfloatvfloodn&vfloornflournflowvflowernflunfluencynfluentafly1(flew,flown)vfly2nfocusv&nfognfoggyafoldvfolkn&afollowvfondafoodnfooln&vfoolishafoot(plfeet)nfootballnforprep&conjforbid(forbade,forbidden)vforcevfrequentafrequentafreshafrictionnfridge=refrigeratorfriendnfriendly afriendshipnfrighten vfrognfromprepfronta&nfrontiernfrostnfruitnfryvfuelnfullafunn&afunctionn&vfundamentalafuneralnfunnyafurnfurnishedafurniturenfuturenGgainvgalleryngallonnforecastn&vforeheadnforeignaforeignernforesee(foresaw,foreseen)vforestnforeveradforget(forgot,forgot/forgotten)vforgetfulaforgive(forgave,forgiven)vforknformn&vformatnformerafortnightnfortunateafortunenforwardadfostervfoundvfountainnfoxnfragileafragrantaframeworknfrancnfreeafreedomnfreewaynfreeze(froze,frozen)vfreezingagamengaragengarbagengardenngarlicngarmentngasngatengathervgayageneralagamengaragengarbagengardenngarlicngarmentngasngatengathervgayagenerala&ngenerationngenerousagentleagentlemanngeographyngeometryngesturenget(got,got)vgiftngiftedagiraffengirlngive(gave,given)vgladaglancevglarevglassnglobenglorynglovengluengo(went,gone)vgoalngoatngodngoldn&agoldenagolfngood(better,best)agoodsngoose(plgeese)ngovernvgovernmentngradengradualagraduatevgraduationngrainngramngrammarngrandagrandchildngranddaughterngrandma=grandmotherngrandpa=grandfatherngrandparentsngrandsonngrannyngrapengraphngraspvgrassngrassngratefulagravityngreata&adgreedyagreena&ngreengrocerngreetvgreetingngrey(Amgray)agrillngrocerngroceryngroundngroupngrow(grew,grown)vgrowthnguaranteevguardnguessvguestnguidancenguidenguiltyaguitarngunngym=gymnasiumngymnasticsnHhabitnhairnhaircutnhalfa&nhallnhamnhamburgernhammernhandn&vhandbagnhandfulnhandkerchiefnhandlen&vhandsomeahandwritingnhandyahang(hung,hung或-ed,-ed)vhappenvhappinessnhappyaharbour(Amharbor)nhardad&ahardlyadhardshipnhardworkingaharmn&vharmfulaharmonynharvestn&vhatnhatchvhatev&nhave(has,had,had)vhide(hid,hidden)vhepronhepronheadn&vheadachenheadlinenheadmasternheadmistressnhealthnhealthyahear(heard,heard)vhearingnheartnheatnheavennheavyaheelnheightnhelicopternhellointhelmetnhelpn&vhelpfulahennherpronherbnhereadheronherspronherselfpronhesitatevhiinthigha&adhighwaynhillnhimpronhimselfpronhirevhispronhistorynhit(hit,hit)v&nhobbynhold(held,held)vholenholidaynholyahomen&adhomelandnhometownnhomeworknhonestahoneynhonour(Amhonor)n&vhook n&vhope n&vhopefulahopelessahorribleahorsenhospitalnhostn&vhostessnidentitynidentificationnidiomnifconjignorevillaillegalaillnessnimaginevimmediatelyadimmigrationnimportvidentitynidentificationnidiomnifconjignorevillaillegalaillnessnimaginevimmediatelyadimmigrationnimportv&nimportancenimportantaimpossible aimpressvimpression nimprovevinprep&adinchnincidentnincludevincomenincreasev&nindeedaindependencenindependentaindicatevindustryninfluencen&vinformvhotahotdognhotelnhournhousenhousewifenhouseworknhowadhoweverad&conjhowlvhugvhugeahumana&nhumanbeingnhumorousahumour(Amhumor)nhungernhungryahuntvhunternhurricanenhurryvhurt(hurt,hurt)vhusbandnhydrogennIIpronicenice-creamnideaninformationninformationninitialainjurevinjuryninkninnninnocentainsectninsertvinsideprep&adinsistvinspectvinspirevinstantainsteadadinstituteninstitutionninstructvinstructionninstrumentninsuranceninsurevintelligencenintendvintentionninterestninterestingainternationalaInternetninterpreterninterruptvintervalninterviewn&vintoprepintroducevintroductionninventvinventionninvitationninvitevironn&virrigationnisv(be)islandnitpronitspronitselfpronJjacketnjamnjarnjawnjazznjeansnjeepnjetnjewellery(Amjewelry)njobnjogvjoinvjoken

journalistnkissn&vjourneynkitchennjoynkitenjudgen&vkneenjudgementknife(plknives)n(Amjudgment)nknockn&vjuicenknow(knew,known)vjumpn&vknowledgenjunglenjunioraLjusta&adlab=laboratorynjusticenlabour(Amlabor)nlackn&vKladynkangaroonlakenkeep(kept,kept)vlambnkettlenlameakeynlampnkeyboardnlandn&vkickv&nlanguagenkidnlanternnkillvlapnkilonlargeakilogramnlasta&vkilometre(Amkilometer)nlatea&adkind1nlattern2kindalaughn&vkindergartennlaughternkindnessnlaundrynkingnlawnkingdomnlawyernieie2(lay,lain)vife(pllives)niftv&nightn,v&aightningnikev&prepikelyaimitvine n&vink v&nionnipniquidn&aistn&vistenviteratureniteraryaitre(Amliter)nittervittle(less,least)aivev&aivelyaoadnoafnocalaockn&vonelyaong a&adook n&vooseaorrynlay(laid,laid)vlazyalead(led,led)v&nleadernleaf(plleaves)nleaguenleakvlearn(learnt,learnt或-ed,-ed)vleastnleathernleave(left,left)vlecturenlefta,ad&nlegnlegalalemonn&alemonadenlend(lent,lent)vlengthnlessonnlet(let,let)vletternlevelnliberationnlibertynlibrariannlibrarynlicensenlidnlie1n&vlose(lost,lost)vlose(lost,lost)vlossnlotnloudaloungenloven&vlovelyalowa&adlucknluckyaluggagenlunchnlungnMmachinenmadamadam/madamenmagazinenmagicamaidnmailn&vmailboxnmainamainlandnmajoramajorityn1makenmake2(made,made)vmalea&nman(plmen)nmanagevmanagernmankindnmannernmany(more,most)pron&amapnmaplenmarathonnmarblenmarchn&vmarkn&vmarketnmarriagenmarryvmaskn&vmassnmasterv&nmatnmatchv&nmaterialnmathematics=math/mathsnmattern&vmatureamaximuma&nmaymodalvmaybeadmepronmealnmean(meant,meant)vmeaningnmeansnmeanwhileadmeasurevmeansnmeanwhileadmeasurevmeatnmedalnmedianmedicalamedicinenmediumnmeet(met,met)v&nmeetingnmelonnmembernmemorialn&amemorynmendvmentalamentionn&vmenunmerchanta&nmercifulamercynmerelyadmerryamessnmessagenmessyametaln&amethodnmetre(Ammeter)nmicroscopen1miss2missmicrowavenmiddlenmidnightnmightmodalvmildamilenmilkn&vmillimetre(Ammillimeter)nmillionairenmindn&vmine1n&vminepronmineralnminibusnminimumaministernministrynminoritynminusprep&aminusminutenminutemirrornmirrornvmissilenmistnmistake(mistook,mistaken)v&nmistakenamisunderstand(misunderstood,misunderstood)vmixvmournvmouse(plmice)nmoustachenmouthnmouse(plmice)nmoustachenmouthnmovevmovementnmovienMr.(mister)nMrs.(mistress)nMs.nmucha&admudnmuddyamultiplyvmurdervmuseumnmushroomnmusicnmusicala&nmusiciannmustmodalvmustardnmuttonnmypronmyselfpronNnailnnamen&vnarrowanationnmixturenmobileamodelnmodemnmodernamodestamom=mumnmomentnmommy=mummynmoneynmonitornmonkeynmonthnmonumentnmoonnmopn&vmorala&nmore(much,many)a,ad&nmorningnMoslemnmosquitonmosta&admothernmotherlandnmotivationnmotornmotorcyclenmottonmountainnmountainousa

nationalaniceanationalitynniecennationwideadnightnnativeanoad&anaturalaNo.=numbernnaturennobleanavynnobodyn&pronneara,ad&prepnodvnearbyanoisennearlyadnoisyaneatanonepronnecessaryanoodlennecknnoonnnecklacennorconjneedn&modalvnormaln&aneedlennortha,ad&nnegotiatevnortheastnneighbour(Amneighbor)nnorthernaneighbourhoodnorthwestn(Amneighborhood)nnosenneitheranotadnephewnnoten&vnervousanotebooknnestnnothingpron,n&anetnnoticen&vnetworknnovelnneveradnovelistnnewanowadnewsnnowadaysadnewspapernnowhereadnexta&adnucleara

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parkingnpearnparrotnpedestriannpartn,a&vpennparticipatevpencenparticularapencilnpartlyadpennynpartnernpensionnpart-timea&adpeoplenpartynpeppernpassvperpreppassagenpercentnpassengernpercentagenpasser-bynperfectapassiveaperformvpassportnperformancenpastad,n&prepperformernpatentnperfumenpathnperhapsadpatiencenpatient1npatient2apatternnperiodnpermanentapermissionnpermitv&npausen&vpersonnpavementnpersonalapay(paid,paid)v&npersonnelnP.C.=personalcomputernpersonallyadP.E.=physicaleducationnpersuadevpeanpestnpeacenpetnpeacefulapetrolnpeachnphenomenon(plphenomena)n(plphenomena)nphone=telephonen&vphoto=photographnphotographnphotographernphrasenphysicalaphysiciannphysicistnphysicsnpianistnpianonpickvpicnicn&vpicturenpienpiecenpignpilenpillnpillownpilotnpinn&vpinenpineapplenping-pongnpinka&npintnpioneernpipenpitynplacen&vplainaplann&vplanenplanetnplantv&nplasticaplatenplatformnplayv&nplaygroundnpleasantapleasevpleasedapleasurenplentynplotv&nplugnplusv&prepp.m./pm,P.M./PMabbrpocketnpoemnpoetnpointv&npoisonnpoisonousapolenpolicenpoliceman/woman(plpolicemen/policewomen)npolicyn

polishvpostman(plpostmen)npoliteapostponevpoliticalapotnpoliticiannpotatonpoliticsnpotentialapollutevpoundnpollutionnpourvpondnpowdernpoolnpowernpoorapowerfulapop=popularapracticalapopcornnpracticen&vpopularapractise(Ampractice)vpopulationnpraisen&vporknprayvporridgenprayernportnpreciousaportableapreciseaporternpredictvpositionnprefervpositiveapreferencenpossessvpregnantapossessionnprejudicenpossibilitynpremiernpossibleapreparationnpost1 npost2v&npreparevprescriptionnpostagenpresent1a&vpostcardnpostcodenpresent2npresentationnposternpreservev

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