高中英语必修一第二课

以-ly结尾的形容词friendly友好的lovely可爱的likely可能的motherly母亲般的brotherly兄弟般的weekly每周的monthly每月的daily每天的lively,live,living,alive辨析lively(adj)生动活泼的，多作定语，修饰人或物e.g.Charliehasaverylivelyimagination.live(adj)活着的（作前置定语，多修饰动物）（adj&adv）现场直播的\地（v）居住，生存，活着e.g.Theywanttostoptheexportoflivesheepandcattle.living(adj)活着的，可作定语和表语e.g.Thesunaffectsalllivingthings.alive(adj)活着的，是表语形容词，强调状态，也可作后置定语或补足语。e.g.Shehadtostealfoodjusttostayalive.patient(adj)有耐心的，能忍耐的bepatientwithsb对某人有耐心e.g.Louisewasverypatientwithme.patient(n)病人patience(n)耐心Bepatient!耐心点儿beoutofpatiencewith…耐不住…havenopatiencewith…不能容忍…beyondone’spatience令人无法忍受的

strict(adj)严格的，严厉的bestrictwithsb.对某人要求严格e.g.Thestuartsareverystrictwiththeirson.bestrictaboutsth.对某事要求严格e.g.She’sverystrictaboutthingslikehomework.strictly(adv)严格地strictlyspeaking严格说来assincebecausefor辨析as语气最弱，只说明一般的因果关系，可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，不如since正式e.g.Asitwasgettinglate,Iturnedaroundtostartforhome.since语气比because稍弱，表示已为人知的原因，强调关系上的自然结果，不是句子的重点，意为既然，鉴于，往往放在主句之前。e.g.Sinceyouareunabletoanswer,perhapsweshouldasksomenelse.because语气最强，着重说明原因或理由，是句子的重点，在回答why的问句和用于强调句型时，必须用because而不用as,since或for.e.g.Whycan’tIgo?Becauseyou’renotoldenough.for并列连词，连接一个表原因的并列分局，不能放在句首，只要放在两个并列句之间，表示附加说明或推断的理由。e.g.Billwasprobablyill,forhedidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday.sothat因此，所以，为了，以便e.g.Hestandsupsothathecanlookattheblackboard.so…that…如此…以至于e.g.Hewassoweakthathecouldhardlystandup.so+adj\adv+thatso+adj+a\an+可数名词单数+thatso+many\few\much\little(少)+名词+that只能接动名词而不能接动词不定式的词语admit承认appreciate感激，欣赏beworth值得consider考虑delay耽搁enjoy喜欢escape逃避finish完成imagine想象mind介意miss错过practise练习resist抵制risk冒险suggest建议dare(v)胆敢，敢于1.dare作为实义动词时，有人称和数的变化，其后一般要跟带to的不定式。e.g.Hedoesn’tdaretotellhismotheraboutit.Doeshedaretotellhismotheraboutit?2.dare可作情态动词，和其他情态动词一样，没有人称和数的变化，其后接动词原形，一般用于一般现在时的否定句、疑问句或条件句中。e.g.Hedarenottellhismotheraboutit.Darehetellhismotheraboutit?不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略1.在expect,forget,hope,intend,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后面e.g.Jiminvitedmetogotothecinema,butIrefusedto.2.在needtodo,oughttodo,begoingtodo,usedtodo,havetodo等短语中，动词do可承前省略。e.g.-I’msorrythatIdidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday.-Youdidn’tneedto,forithasbeenputofftillnextweek.3.在某些系表结构中，如：begladtodo,behappytodo,bepleasedtodo,bedelightedtodo，后面的do可承前省略e.g.-Willyoujoinus?-I’dbeglad\happy\pleased\delightedto.注意：1.否定形式的不定式的省略一般省略为nottoe.g.-ShallIgoshoppingtomorrowforsomeapples?-I’dpreferyounotto.2如果不定式中含有be,have(助动词),havebeen，通常保留e.g.-Areyouajournalist?-No,butIusedtobe.admit(v)承认，招认，招供admit(to)sth.承认某事admitdoingsth.承认做了某事admittosbthat……向某人承认……(v)准许，吸纳beadmittedto\into被准许进入，被录取到admit。。。to\into准许…进入…asaresult,asaresultof,so辨析asaresult副词短语，“结果，因此”，一般放在句首，后面加逗号e.g.Thefarmwasflooded.Asaresult,mostoftheharvestwaslost.asaresultof介词短语，“作为…的结果，由于…”,后面接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。e.g.Shediedasaresultofherinjuries.so连词，“因此，所以”，既可以放在句首，也可以放在句中，两种情况下so后面都不加逗号。e.g.Iwasfeelinghungry,soImademyselfasandwich.with复合结构with复合结构在句中可作定语、状语，其构成为“with+宾语+宾补”宾补根据逻辑意义可以是不同的词或词组，如：形容词，副词，现在分词，过去分词、不定介词短语等。1.with+宾语+形容词e.g.Welayinbedwiththewindowopen.2.with+宾语+副词e.g.Shewasknitting,withthetelevisionon.3.with+宾语+现在分词e.g.Wejumpedintotheriverwithbulletswhizzingpastourears.4.with+宾语+过去分词e.g.Withallthethingssheneededbought,shewenthomehappily.5.with+宾语+介词短语Withabookinhishand,heenteredtheclassroom.Thisisbecause…这是因为because是连词，引导一个表原因的表语从句e.g.-WhyisMarysoupset?-Thisisbecauseshehasn’tpassedtheexam,Thereasonis\was\that…理由是…e.g。Thereasonwhyhedidn’tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.It\This\Thatis\wasbecause…这\那是因为…e.g.Hemissedthebus.That’sbecausehegotuplate.It\This\Thatis\waswhy…这\那就是…的原因e.g.Hegotuplate.Thatiswhyhemissedthebus.energy,force,stength,power辨析energy主要指“人的精力”“自然界的能源”e.g.Idon’thavetheenergytodealwithitrightnowforce主要指非自然界的力量，如暴力、势力、说服力、压制力、法律、道德或感情的力量、军事的力量等。总之，它是活动过程中的力量。e.g.Intheendhehadtobethrownoutofthehousebyforce.strength常指固定潜在的力量。就人说，着重指力气，就物说，着重指强度、实力等。e.g.Shedidn’tevenhavethestrengthtostandup.power主要指做一件事所依靠的能力，力量。人或机器等事物的潜在的或所能发挥出来的力量等。e.g.Peopleshouldhavemorepoweroverdecisionsthataffecttheirlives.

后接doing形式的动词及动词短语1.下列动词用动名词做宾语考虑建议盼原谅（consider,suggest\advice,lookforwardto,excuse\pardon）承认推迟没得想（admit,delay\put

off,fancy）避免错过继续练（avoid,miss,keep,practise）否认完成停欣赏（deny,finish,enjoy\appreciate）不禁介意准逃亡（mind,allow\permit,escape）2.动词词组用动名词做宾语can’tstand不能忍受feellike感觉好像bebusy忙于havedifficulty\trouble做某事有困难\麻烦haveagood\wonderful\hardtime过得愉快\不愉快3.(1)forgettodosth.忘记去做某事（未做的）forgetdoingsth忘记曾经做过某事(2)remembertodosth记得去做某事（未做的）rememberdoingsth记得曾经做过的事(3)regrettodosth遗憾做某事（未做的）regretdoingsth遗憾做过某事(4)stoptodosth停下来做某事stopdoingsth停止正在做的事(5)trytodosth努力\试图做某事trydoingsth尝试着做某事(6)meantodosth打算\意图做某事meandoingsth意味着做某事(7)can’thelptodosth不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoingsth禁不住做某事(8)goontodosth（做完某事）接着做另一件事goondongsth=goonwithsth.继续做同一件事4.begin和start后既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词，意义没有差别，但在以下三种情况下，只接不定式（1）主语是物e.g.Itbegintorain.（2）begin或start本身用于进行时态时e.g.Sheisbeginningtocookdinner.（3）begin或start后的非谓语动词是指心情状况或精神活动的词时如realize,understand,wonder,know等。e.g.Ibegantofeeldizzy.5.allow\advise\forbid\permitdoingsth\sb.todosthe.g.Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.e.g.Wedon’tallowstudentstosmokehere.6.(1)need\require\wantdoing\tobedone需要被…e.g.Thewindowneeds\requires\wantscleaning.need\require\wantsbtodosth.需要某人做某事e.g.Iwantyoutofinishitrightnow.(2)beworth+n\doing值得e.g.Theplaceisworthvisiting.(3)beworthyof\ofbeingdone\tobedone值得e.g.Theplaceisworthyofavisit\ofbeingvisited\tobevisited.wouldprefer的用法1.wouldprefersth想要某物e.g.-Coffeeortea?-Iwouldprefertea,thanks.2.wouldprefer(not)todosth宁愿（不）做某事e.g.Iwouldprefernottothinkaboutit.3.wouldprfersb.(not)todosth.宁愿某人（不）做某事e.g.Mymotherwouldprefermenottogooutaloneatnight.4.wouldprefertodo…ratherthando宁愿做…而不做…e.g.Iwouldprefertoplaybasketballratherthangoswimming.5.wouldprefer+从句e.g.Iwouldpreferthatyoudidn’ttellanyone.6.wouldpreferitif…希望，更希望e.g.Iwouldpreferitifyoudidn’ttellanyone.7.preferdoing…todoing…宁愿做…而不做…e.g.HepreferswatchingTVtogoingoutforawalk.wouldrather的用法1.wouldrather(not)dosth。宁愿（不）做某事e.g.Iwoudrathernottakeatripwithhim.2.wouldrather(not)havedonesth.宁愿做了（没做）的事e.g.Iwouldrathernothaveseenherlastnight.3.wouldrather+从句(从句中的谓语动词有两种情况，一是用过去式。表示与现在或将来的情况相反；二是用过去完成式，表示与过去的情况相反)e.g.Iwouldratheryoudidn’tgooutalone.e.g.IwouldratherIhadn’ttoldhimthenews.4.wouldratherdo…thando…e.g.IwouldratherdiethanapologizetoHelen.

settle(v)解决，处理e.g.It’stimeyousettledyourdifferenceswithyourfather.(v)平静，放松e.g.Itookapilltohelpsettlemynerves.(v)安居，安家落户e.g.ShesettledinViennaafterherfather’sdeath.(v)使…在新位置上觉得舒适e.g.Hesettledhimselfcomfortablyinhisusualchairsettledown安顿，定居settlefor(勉强)接受settlein\into适应，安顿下来settleon\upon决定，同意settle,solve辨析settle解决对象为某种争端solve解决问题，侧重是给出一个答案、beupto的用法1.beuptosb.由某人决定，取决于某人，是某人的职责或义务e.g.Youcanpayweeklyormonthly-it’suptoyou.2.beuptosth.能胜任e.g.He’snotuptothejob.3.beuptosb.todosth.应由某人做某事e.g.It’suptoyoutochoosewhereweshoulddo.4.beuptosth.做坏事，偷偷地做某事e.g.I’msurehe’suptonogood.5.uptosth.(数目上)多达，（时间上）一直到e.g.Icantakeuptofourpeopleinmycar.What’sup?怎么啦？uptotill到…为止uptodate.最新式的uptonogood做坏事uptoone’scars\eyes\neckin…深陷于…it作形式主语和形式宾语时，不可换1.Itis+adj\n+todosth.\that(it作形式主语)e.g.ItishardtostudyEnglishwell.2.Itisnouse\good;notanyuse;hardlyanyuse;useless;worthwhiledoingsth.(it作形式主语)e.g.Itisuselesspreparingsomuchjuice.3.Itfeels+adj.+todosth.(it作形式主语)e.g.ItfeelsdifficulttostudyEnglishwell.4.sb.+think\believe\feel\find\consider+it+adj\n+todosth\doingsth\that从句（it作形式宾语）e.g.Hethinksitnecessarythatheshouldmasteraforeignlanguage.difference(n)差别，差异tellthedifferencebetweenAandB说出A和B之间的不同makeallthedifferencetosb\sth对某人\某物关系重大makea\no\somedifferencet