定语从句课件 【循津引渡+建构迁移】高考英语二轮复习

定语从句

定语从句她是一个漂亮的女人。Sheisabeautifulwoman.她是一个漂亮的让我面红的女人。Sheisabeautifulwomanwhomakesmeblush.定义：修饰名词（或代词）的从句。三要素：先行词，定语从句，关系词（关系代词&关系副词）类别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式与主句之间不用逗号隔开与主句之间用逗号隔开功能对先行词进行限定、修饰对先行词做附加说明先行词名词或名词词组名词、名词词组或整个句子翻译常译成前置定语常译成并列分句（一）定语从句的分类定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。两者区别如下：Ihaveanelderbrotherwhoisateacher.我有一个当老师的哥哥。Hestudiedhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichcontributestohissuccessinlaterlife.他上学时很努力，这有助于他后来的成功。关系代词：who,whom,that,which,whose,as关系副词：when,where,why定从的引导词YesterdayIhelpedanoldman

who/thatlosthisway.Thetrain

which/that

leftjustnowwasforShanghai.

从句成分先行词主语

指人who/that

指物which/that小试牛刀1.ThisisMrBrown,_____Ithinkhasexcitingnewstotellyou.A.whichB.whoseC.whomD.who2.Themarket_____isonthefloorbelow

iscloseduntilTuesday.

A.

what

B.which

C.where

D.

who答案：1.D2.BSorry,thesubscriber

who/whom/that/x

youhavedailedisbusy.Pleaserediallater.Thisisthephoto

which/that/xItook.

从句成分先行词主语宾语

指人who/thatwho/whom/that/x

指物which/thatwhich/that/x小试牛刀1.YesterdayLiMingwenttothevillage______hevisitedfiveyearsago.A.whereB.whoC.thatD.whom答案：CHeisnolongertheman

that/x

heusedtobe.Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace

that/xitusedtobe.

从句成分先行词主语宾语表语

指人who/thatwho/whom/that/xthat/x

指物which/thatwhich/that/x小试牛刀Myhometownisnolongertheplace_____itusedtobe.A.whatB.whichC.whoD.that答案：DMr.Liuwantstotalktothestudentswhosehomeworkhasn'tbeenhandedin.Ilikethehouse

whose

windowfacessouth.

从句成分先行词主语宾语表语定语

指人who/thatwho/whom/that/xthat/xwhose

指物which/thatwhich/that/x小试牛刀1.Thefarmers,______houseshadbeendestroyedbytheseriousflood,weregivenhelpbythegovernment.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.whose2.Manychildren,______parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.A.theirB.whoseC.ofthemD.withwhom答案：1.D2.B

从句成分先行词主语宾语表语定语

指人who/thatwho/whom/that/xthat/xwhose

指物which/thatwhich/that/xShestillrememberedtheday

whenhewentaway.小试牛刀Ishallneverforgettheday_____ShenZhouVwaslaunched.A.when B.thatC.which D.when答案：AThedistrictisaplace

wheremostcollegestudentslive.小试牛刀AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_____hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when答案：CThat’sthereason

whyIdon’tlikeyou.小试牛刀Thereason_____shewasillwasthatshehadeatenbadmeat.A.why

B.which

C.that

D.what答案：A（四）定语从句解题思路1.先看从句所缺句子成分：缺主、宾、表、定语，用关系代词（that,which,who,whom,whose,as)；缺状语，用关系副词（when,where,why)；2.再看先行词的指代：缺关系代词时，看先行词指人还是指物；缺关系副词时，看先行词指时间、地点还是原因。3.注意特殊情况：只用that或which，as引导的定语从句等。1判类型2看成分3看先行词知识拓展1：先行词为人，whose+n=the+n+of+whom/ofwhom+the+nThisisthescientist

whose

achievementsarewellknown.=Thisisthescientist,

theachievementsofwhom

arewellknown.=Thisisthescientist,ofwhomtheachievements

arewellknown.先行词为物，whose+n=the+n+of+which/ofwhich+the+nTheycametoahouse

whose

backwallhadbrokendown.=Theycametoahouse,thebackwallofwhich

hadbrokendown.=Theycametoahouse,ofwhichthebackwall

hadbrokendown.小试牛刀RecentlyIboughtanancientChineseVase,_____wasveryreasonable.A.whichprice B.thepriceofwhich C.itsprice D.thepriceofwhose答案：B知识拓展2：定语从句关系词as的用法：（1）与such,thesame,as连用，意为“像……一样的，同……一类的”。

Heboughtthesamebikeasyoudid.

Thereisnosuchbookasyoureferto.（2）单独用作关系代词，在引导非限制性定语从句时意为“正如”，可放在主句之前、之后或中间，且主从句之间一般要用逗号隔开。

Heisaboy,asweallknowfromhisvoice.

Ashasbeensaidbefore,wemustsolvetheproblemassoonaspossible.小试牛刀1.Sheissuchagirl______isalwaysfindingfaultwithotherpeople.A.that B.which C.who D.as2.Thenumberofsmokers,_____isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.A.it

B.which

C.what

D.as答案：1.D2.D知识点拨①只用that的情况a.先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代词时；或者先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时。

eg:Allthebooksthatyouofferedhavebeengivenout.

1.that与which的区别知识点拨①只用that的情况b.先行词前的修饰词被限定时（如，形容词最高级和序数词修饰先行词，或theonly,thevery修饰先行词时）。

eg:Theparkisthecleanestparksthatyoucanimagine.c.先行词既指人又指物时。

eg:Theytalkedaboutthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.1.that与which的区别小试牛刀1.All________youcandotocomfortheristolistentoherpatiently.A.what

B.that

C.which

D.while2.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_____hehadstolentothepolice.A.which B.what C.whatever D.that3.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_____wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.which B.whom C.who D.that答案：1.B2.D3.D知识点拨②只用which的情况a.在非限制性定语从句中，指物或事只能用which。

eg:Tomstudieshardandisreadytohelpothers,whichhisparentsexpect.b.在由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，指物只能用which。

eg:Thisisthebookaboutwhichwearetalkingnow.1.that与which的区别小试牛刀Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,_____wehadn’texpect.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what答案：C知识点拨

从句的位置as引导的定语从句既可放在主句前，也可在主句后，which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后。表达意义as表示“正如”的意思（非限），常用搭配有：such＋n.＋as...和thesame＋n.＋as...（限）；which表示“这”的意思。2.as与which的区别知识点拨

as的习惯用语asweallknow众所周知

asisknowntoall众所周知astheoldsayinggoes常言道

asanybodycansee众所周知ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述 asismentionedabove如上所述2.as与which的区别小试牛刀1.______weallknow,wecandevelopgoodhabitsbypracticing.A.As

B,Which

C.That

D.What2.Thenumberofsmokers,________isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.A.it

B.which

C.what

D.as3._____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.It

B.As

C.That

D.What答案：1.A2.D3.B（三）“介词+关系代词”的用法1.介词后面的关系词不能省略，且不能用that。2.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，若指人，则用“介词+whom”；若指物，则用“介词+which”。MycousinisapersonwithwhomIcandiscussmyhomework.TheWestLake,forwhichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.“介词+关系代词”的用法【拓展】“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法：一先：根据先行词与介词的常见搭配确定介词。Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedour