2019考研英语二翻译强化讲义

2019考研英语（二翻考研英语二翻译部分，占了15分分值。它与英语一翻译部分比较起来，简课程，其中包括了不到30个长难句的理解和翻译。哪怕每天只认真学个句显促进。有了这30个句子作为基础，再深入到英语二的部分，就会觉得英大：题1）写汉字B.翻译A.2000年——2010年：1155B.1990年——20001050C.2010年——现在：极重要，适合模考1）Part102 体裁：偏向学术文献，属于“通识”读3015020012004年：语20102011201220132014年： =翻译标Ihavealsoalmostlostmytasteforpicturesormusic.Darwinwasconvincedthatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappiness,butmightpossiblybeinjurioustotheinlectandmoreprobablytothemoralcharacter.(08,50)更可能对他的道德品格造成损害。(2害，更可能是对道德品质的损害。(1.5也许还有道德特征。(1分)可能对道德特点有。(0.5分福和希望，而且损 ，更严重的是精神人物的健康。(0分2．做翻大：题1）写汉字（05，46）evisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed,andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasinrecenteventsinEurope.evisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedand电视是式，通andperhapsneverbefore//hasitservedsomuch//toconnectdifferentpeoplesandnations//asinrecenteventsinEurope.IshalldefinehimasanindividualwhohaselectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginSocratic()wayaboutmoral我我将要把他定义为一个我将要把定义为这样一个我将要把定义为这样一个人，我将要 我将要 思考的活动，以的方式以的方式来思考道德问题的活动： 为 ： 1）18分钟——4）15分钟——分析错翻 部分请参照老师《2019考研英语拆分与组合翻译法考研翻译考试要点+听课重landScientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.（201046题，25words）totheeffectthat例如：Heleftanotetotheeffectthathewouldnotbereturning.他留下一张字条,大意是说他不回来了。副词+形容词以-y 结尾的副词+形容词的话，一般表程度，大多数可以翻译为“非常、极其。-ly(2003,63)makesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.(2004,63)wereoftensostrikinglydifferentfromScientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetoeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.（2010题，25ScientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyIhavealsoalmostlostmytasteforpicturesormusicDarwinwasconvincedthatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappiness,butmightpossiblybeinjurioustotheinlectandmoreprobablytothemoralcharacter.(0850)（0546）evisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed,andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasinrecenteventsinEurope.IshalldefinehimasanindividualwhohaselectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginSocratic()wayaboutmoral名词(名词性代词those,some,all等)+that,which,who,whom,whose,Spaceandoceansarethenewworldthatscientistsaretryingtoexplore.Hislaughter,whichwasinfectious,brokethe ThosewhohavenevertastedwhatisbitterdonotknowwhatisTheboyswhosenameswerecalledstood名词+省略引导词（直接跟了一个从句Icollectedsomebooksyoudon’tIjustmetaladyIsawlastIjustmetalady(whom)IsawlastHewouldleaveBeijingwhenhefinishedhiswork.Hetoldusthedatewhenhewouldfinishhiswork.HewouldleaveBeijingwhenhefinishedhisShe’sgoinghomewhereshecanThat’soneofthereason(why)IaskyoutoThisisthebookforwhichyou这就是你要的书。=Thisisthebookwhich)youasked前置。即：把定语从句翻译到它所修饰的先行词前，并常常用“的”来连接(2003,61)Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideas(2004,62)Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanished,asthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguages.beobligedtosb.感谢，感激I’mmuchobligedtoyouforhel Iwasobligedtoabandonthatidea.ObligateHefeltobligatedtohelp.前果后因，用“之所以…是因为…”的句型atalosstakealoss例3(2006,50)Theymayteachverywellandmrethanearntheirsalaries,butmostofthemmakelittleornoindependentreflectionsonhumanproblemsHowmuchyou‘repaidreflectshowimportantyouaretothecompanyyouworkreflectHehadtimetoreflectonhissuccessesand例(2011,46)Allen’scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare—thatbecausewearenotrobotswethereforecontrolourthoughts—andrevealitserroneousnature.客淋炖BoasandSapir，皮沙TedNingSiliconBritain,Canada,Australia复杂的同位语从句，后置的话，可以用“即”来表达怎么后置？5个例子(1997,71)Actually,itisn’t,becauseitassumesthatthereisanagreedaccountofhumanrights,whichissomethingtheworlddoesnothave.事实上，它不是；因为它…（不通顺×）万不得已，可以直接用“这，这种情况、这种说法、这种观点”等来翻译。直接指代明确——第三称代词，要用“这种情况/观点/说法”等——It,This,pointTherebe例2(2001,73)Pearsonhaspiecedtogethertheworkofhundredsofresearchersaroundtheworldtoproduceauniquemillenniumtechnologycalendarthatgivesthelatestdateswhenwecanexpecthundredsofkeybreakthroughsanddiscoveriestotakeplace.Don’t！Workonthenewbuildingismovingpiecedtogethertheworkauniquemillenniumtechnologycalendarthelatestdates(2001,73)Pearsonhaspiecedtogethertheworkofhundredsofresearcheraroundtheworldtoproduceauniquemillenniumtechnologycalendarthatdiscoveriestotakeplace.(2001,71)Therewillbeevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots,andcarswithpollutionmonitorsthatwilldisablethemwhentheyoffend.首先翻译英语中的状语，再加“有增加“人们、大家、我们”等汉语的泛指主语例4(2005,48)Thisalonedemonstratesthattheevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurvivein,afactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeanevisionnetworksnolessthan50%tookalossin1989.Theshoesalonecostme1000Outof10students,1willbesuccessful.thebetterpartofdecade(9875)fortnight,fortnightlyfourscoreandsevenyearsagoputtwoandtwotogether(2005,48)Thisalonedemonstratesthattheevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurvivein,afactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeanevisionnetworksnolessthan50%tookalossin1989.(2003,62)Socialscienceisthatbranchofinlectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnatural colour=colorenquiry=inquiryinquiry是名词形式名词用：动词用：(2003,62)Socialscienceisthatbranchofinlectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnatural前置，例1(2003,61)Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.(2004,62)Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanished,asthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguages.(2006,50)Theymayteachverywellandmorethanearntheirsalaries,butmostofthemmakelittleornoindependentreflectionsonhumanproblemswhichinvolvemoraljudgment(2011,46)Allen’scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare—thatbecausewearenotrobotswethereforecontrolourthoughts—andrevealitserroneousnature.(1997,71)Actually,itisn’t,becauseitassumesthatthereisanagreedaccountofhumanrights,whichissomethingtheworlddoesnothave.(2001,73)Pearsonhaspiecedtogethertheworkofhundredsofresearchersaroundtheworldtoproduceauniquemillenniumtechnologycalendarthatgivesthelatestdateswhenwecanexpecthundredsofkeybreakthroughsanddiscoveriestotakeplace.(2001,71)Therewillbeevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots,andcarswithpollutionmonitorsthatwilldisablethemwhentheyoffend.(2005,48)Thisalonedemonstratesthattheevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurvivein,afactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeanevisionnetworksnolessthan50%tookalossin1989.(2003,62)Socialscienceisthatbranchofinlectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalIhavealsoalmostlostmytasteforpicturesormusicDarwinwasconvincedthatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappiness,butmightpossiblybeinjurioustotheinlectandmoreprobablytothemoralcharacter.(0850)（0546）evisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed,andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasinrecenteventsinEurope.IshalldefinehimasanindividualwhohaselectedashisprimarydutypleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginSocratic()wayaboutmoralScientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.（201046题，25words）wheneve（...a（whil（since（自从...Ithasbeenmorethantwoyearssincewepartedlasttime.（since）ShemovedtoLondonlastMayandhassincegotajobonanewspaper.（sincebefore（在...前，after（在...后Ihavemethimbefore.（before单个副词作状语once（一旦...，until,till（直到...才，如）assoonas（一...就，themoment,theminute（一...就， y,everytime（一...就nosooner...than（一...就，hardly(scarcely)...when（一..就）(2001,71)Therewillbe evisionchatshowshostedbyrobots,/andcarswithpollutionmonitors//thatwilldisablethem//whentheyoffend.(2004,61)TheGreeksassumed//thatthestructureoflanguagehadsomepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.，since（，as（，now，seeingthat,consideringthat,inviewofthefactthat（既然，考虑到，因为，鉴，Seeingthat)alltheguestshavecomehere，let’shaveinthat（因为，原因在于Thesetwoareasaresimilarinthattheybothhaveahighrainfallduringthisseason.翻译方法：一般需要把原因状语从句翻译到主句之前，构成“前因”的顺序如果原因太长，有时候也可以采用“之所以…是因为。(2004,62)Weareobligedtothem//becausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanished,//asthepeoples/whospokethemdiedout/orbecameassimilated/andlosttheirnativelanguages.(2002,62)Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochange//partlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind(2009,49)Sinceourchiefbusinesswiththemis//toenablethemtoshareinacommonlife//wecannothelpconsidering/whetherornoweareformingthepowers//whichwillsecurethisability.cannothelp ngsth.formingthepowersfeelsecureaboutnesfuture对自己的前途无忧haveasecurejobintheCivilService在部门有一份稳定的工作Secureallthedoorsandwindowsbeforeleavingellneedtosecureabankloan.我们需要获得银行securethisbecauseofduetothankstoattributetoowingtofortheasaresult(2000,73)Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmasscommunications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwants//andarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,//whileernmentsareoftenforced//tointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.主要表现：though（虽然（虽然，even（即使，（尽管，，nomatter（不论，不管，forallthat（尽管，Shewasstrong，forallthat)shewassoinspiteofthefactthat,despitethefactthat（尽管，(2000,73)Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmasscommunications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwants//andarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,//whileernmentsareoftenforced//tointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.(2007,50)Whilecommentandreactionfromlawyersmayenhancestories,//itispreferableforjournaliststo//relyontheirownnotionsofsignificance//andmaketheirownjudgments.itis+形容词+forsb.todosth.置于句首，用“…的是，…”的句型先翻译真正的主语部分，用“…，这是…的”的句型Itisimportantformetomaster （如果IwillnotgotothepartyunlessI’vidingthat,grantingthatsupposingthat（如果，假如providedthat,grantedthat,giventhat,supposethat,（如果，假如，假定SupposeitwillraintomorrowwhatshallwedoGiventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.考虑到她喜欢孩子,我可以肯定教书是最适合 onconditionthat（如果，只要，I’llletyougoonconditionthatyouneverwastemoney．只要你不乱花钱，我就aslongassolongas（如果，只要Aslongasyoukeepontrying,youwillsurelyonly,onlythat,onlyif（只要，只有Iwoulddoitwithpleasure，onlylamnottooifonly（但愿，要是...就好了(2010,46)Scientistsjumpedtotherescue/withsomedistinctlyshaky//totheeffect//thatinsectswouldeatusup//ifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.(1998,74)Ifthesmallhotspotslookasexpected,//thatwillbeatriumphforyetanotherscientificidea,//arefinementoftheBigBangcalledtheinflationaryuniversetheory.les（，in，forthat（以防）inorderthat（为了）翻译方法：前用“为了”，后用“以免Hepushedopenthedoorgentlyandstoleoutftheroomforfearthatheshouldawakeher. (阅读2001年第5篇第8句)Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreamsaseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycouldlesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.confess1~to ngsth~sth)tosb)承认（错误、罪行等Shefinallyconfessedtohavingstolenthemoney).她最後招认了（偷了那笔主要表现：so...that,such...that,tosuchadegreethat，tosuchanextent翻译方法“结果是…，如此...以致于...，直接翻译(75)Andhomeapplianceswillalso esosmart//thatcontrollingandoperatingthemwillresultinthe//breakoutofanewpsychologicaldisorder—kitchenrage.前置，例1(2003,61)Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.(2004,62)Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanished,asthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguages.(2006,50)Theymayteachverywellandmorethanearntheirsalaries,butmostofthemmakelittleornoindependentreflectionsonhumanproblemswhichinvolvemoraljudgment.(2011,46)Allen’scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare—thatbecausewearenotrobotswethereforecontrolourthoughts—andrevealitserroneousnature.(1997,71)Actually,itisnt,becauseitassumesthatthereisanagreed(2001,73)Pearsonhaspiecedtogethertheworkofhundredsofresearchersaroundtheworldtoproduceauniquemillenniumtechnologycalendarthatgivesthelatestdateswhenwecanexpecthundredsofkeybreakthroughsanddiscoveriestotakeplace.(2001,71)Therewillbeevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots,andcarswithpollutionmonitorsthatwilldisablethemwhentheyoffend.(2005,48)Thisalonedemonstratesthattheevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurvivein,afactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeanevisionnetworksnolessthan50%tookalossin1989.(2003,62)Socialscienceisthatbranchofinlectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalIhavealsoalmostlostmytasteforpicturesormusicDarwinwasconvincedthatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappiness,butmightpossiblybeinjurioustotheinlectandmoreprobablytothemoralcharacter.(0850)（0546）evisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed,andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasinrecenteventsinEurope.IshalldefinehimasanindividualwhohaslectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginSocratic()wayaboutmoralScientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.（201046(2001,71)Therewillbeevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots,/andcarswithpollutionmonitors//thatwilldisablethem//whentheyoffend.(2004,61)TheGreeksassumed//thatthestructureoflanguagehadsomepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.(2002,62)Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochange//partlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedand//partlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.(2009,49)Sinceourchiefbusinesswiththemis//toenablethemtoshareinacommonlife//wecannothelpconsidering/whetherornoweareformingthepowers//whichwillsecurethisability.(2000,73)Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmasscommunications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwants//andarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,//whileernmentsareoftenforced//tointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.(2000,73)Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmasscommunications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwants//andarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,//whileernmentsareoftenforced//tointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.(2007,50)Whilecommentandreactionfromlawyersmayenhancestories,//itispreferableforjournaliststo//relyontheirownnotionsofsignificance//andmaketheirownjudgments.(1998,74)Ifthesmallhotspotslookasexpected,//thatwillbeatriumphforyetanotherscientificidea,//arefinementoftheBigBangcalledtheinflationaryuniversetheory. 2001年第5篇第8句)Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannot(75)Andhomeapplianceswillalso esosmart//thatcontrollingandoperatingthemwillresultinthe//breakoutofanewpsychologicaldisorder—kitchenrage.结构的标志：be+V-1）2）汉语仍保留主语不变，省略“被”(2002,62)Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochange//partlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind(1999,73)Duringthistransfer,/traditionalhisoricalmethodswereaugmentedbyadditionalmethodologies/designedtointerpretthenewformsofevidenceinthehistoricalstudy.Shewasgivenanewpenbyher Communication liteshavealreadybeenusedforlivingtransmissionin(1997,73)Itleadsthediscussiontoextremesattheoutset://itinvitesyoutothinkthatanimalsshouldbetreated//eitherwiththeconsiderationhumansextendtootherhumans,//orwithnoconsiderationatall.outset=setoutoutbreak=breakout(2007,46)Traditionally,legallearninghasbeenviewed/insuchinstitutionsasthespecialpreserveoflawyers,//ratherthananecessarypartoftheinlectualequipmentofaneducated activities,interests,etcregardedasbelongingtoaparticular ：所特Sheregardsnegotiatingpriceswithcustomersasherspecialpreserve.她吧与态的表现形式：be+V-ed是+的ThisschoolwasfoundedbyLaoPrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefrom(1998,72)TheexistenceofthegiantcloudswasvirtuallyrequiredfortheBigBang,/firstputforwardinthe1920s,/tomaintainitsreignasthedominantexplanationofthecosmos.(2009,50)Wearethusledtodistinguish,withinthebroadeducationalprocessofdirecttuitionorschooling.Problemsshouldberesolvedingood(2002,63)Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulated/onlyalittlmorethanahundredyearsago,//andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironment/in andmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividual/isonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.(1997,75)Whenthathappens,itisnotamistake://itismankind’sinstinctformoralreasoninginaction,//aninstinctthatshouldbeencouragedratherthanlaughedat.练习时间规划：20--30分钟/天，1个长难做翻译——5记结果——5第二部分英语二（2010年——2018年2010年英译 （英语二"Sustainability"has eapopularwordthesedays,buttoTedNing,theconceptwillalwayshave almeaning.Havingenduredapainfulorientedvaluesmustbeexpressedthrougheverydayactionandchoice.Ningrecallsspendingaconfusingyearinthelate1990ssellinginsurance.He'dbeenthroughthe boomandburstand,desperateforajob,signedonwithaBoulderagency.Itdidn'tgowell."Itwasareallybadmovebecausethat'snotmypassion,"saysNing,whosedilemmaaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales."Iwasmiserable.IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldwakeupinthemiddleofthenightandstareattheceiling.Ihadnomoneyandneededthejob.Everyonesaid,"Justwait,you'llturnthecorner,giveitsometime.''2011年英译汉（英语二Whowouldhavethoughtthat,globally,theITindustryproducesaboutthesamevolumesofgreenhousegasesastheworld’sairlinesdo—roughly2percentofallCO₂emissions?Manyeverydaytaskstakeasurprisingtollontheenvironment.Asearchcanleakbetween0.2and7.0gramsofCO₂,dependingonhowmanyattemptsareneededtogetthe“right”answer.Todeliverresultstoitsusersquickly,then,hastomaintainvastdatacentresaroundtheworld,packedwithpowerfulcomputers.Whileproducinglarge tiesofCO₂,thesecomputersemitagreatdealofheat,sothecentresneedtobewellair-conditioned,whichusesevenmoreenergyHowever,andotherbigtechprovidersmonitortheirefficiencycloselyandmakeimprovementsMonitoringisthefirststepontheroadtoreduction,butthereismuchtobedone,andnotjustbybigcompanies.2012年英译汉（英语二Whenpeoplein countriesworryaboutmigration,theyusuallyconcernedattheprospectoftheirbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld.ThesearethekindofworkersthatcountrieslikeBritain,CanadaandAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimmigrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelocountriesareparticularlylikelytoemigrate.Abigsurveyof nhouseholdscarriedoutin2004foundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-schooleducation,comparedwitharound3.3%ofall nsovertheageof25.This“brainanhaslongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries.Theyfearthatithurtstheireconomies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewproductsfortheirfactoriestomake.2013年英译汉（英语二Icanpickadatefromthepast53yearsandknowinstantlywhereIwas,whathappenedinthenewsandeventhedayoftheweek.I'vebeenabletodthissinceIwasfour.Ineverfeeloverwhelmedwiththeamountofinformationmybrainabsorbs.Mymindseemstobeabletocopeandtheinformationisstoredawayneatly.WhenIthinkofasadmemory,Idowhateverybodydoes–trytoputittooneside.Idon'tthinkit'sharderformejustbecausemymemoryisclearer.Powerfulmemorydoesn'tmakemyemotionsanymoreacuteorvivid.IcanrecallthedaymygrandfatherdiedandthesadnessIfeltwhenwewenttothehospitalthedaybefore.IalsorememberthatthemusialHairopenedonBroadwayonthesameday–theybothjustpopintomymindinthesameway.2014年英译汉（英语二Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasbeingendlesslyhappy,withaglassthat’sperpetuallyhalffull.Butthat’sexactlythekindoffalsecheerfulnessthatpositivepsychologistswdnmend.Haltyoptimismmeansbeingintouchwithaly,saysTalBen-Shahar,aHarvardprofessor.AccordingtoBen-Shahar,realisticoptimistsarethosewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensfortheBen-Shaharusesthreeoptimisticexercises.Whenhefeelsdown—say,aftergivingabadlecture—hegrantshimselfpermissiontobehuman.HeremindshimselfthatnoteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner,somewillbelesseffectivethanothers.Nextisreconstruction.Heyzestheweaklecture,learninglessonsforthefutureaboutwhatworksandwhatosn’Finally,there ,whichinvolvesacknowledgingthatinthegrandschemeoflife,onelecturereallyen’matter.2015年英译汉（英语二Thinkaboutdrivingaroutethat’sveryfamiliar.Itcouldbeyourcommutetowork,atripintotownorthewayhome.Whicheveritis,youknoweverytwistandturnlikethebackofyourhand.Onthesesortsoftripsit’seasytoloseconcentrationonthedrivingandpaylittleattentiontothepassingscenery.Theconsequenceisthatyouperceivethatthetriphastakenlesstimethanitactuallyhas.Thisisthewell-travelledroadeffect:peopletendtounderestimatethetimeittakestotravelafamiliarroute.Th