第一章地球运动4-太阳视运动课件 高中地理湘教版（2019）选择性必修1

地球运动4——太阳视运动一、太阳周日视运动实质地球自转太阳直射点回归运动太阳周日视运动(太阳方位)黄赤交角年/日太阳轨迹日出日落太阳方位物体影子变化正午太阳方位

人站在地球上，不觉得地球在自转，只看到地球以外的天体的东升西落的运动，每天旋转一圈。这种相对于地球自转的运动称为天体的周日视运动。

所有天体都参与这种运动，太阳当然也不例外，由于地球自西向东自转，太阳相对地球而言，是自东向西的东升西落运动，周期为一天。这就是太阳的周日视运动。西东西东二、天球天球：把天空中离我们距离不等的恒星投影到地球外一个透明的球体，该球体叫天球。方向：由于地球自西向东转，所以站在地球上感觉天球自东向西旋转二、天球天极：地轴向天球延伸后，在无穷远处与天球交汇的两个假想点。对于地球北极和南极的观察者来说，北极和南极天极永久地直接出现在头顶上。当地球绕其轴自转时，两个天极在天空中保持固定，所有其他天点似乎都围绕着它们旋转，每天完成一圈。天赤道：地球赤道在天球上的延伸0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球北极天球赤道赤纬坐標天体周日运动：由于地球自转，天球上所有天体以垂直于地轴自东向西的方向绕天球周日运动0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球北极天球赤道赤纬+23.5°赤纬-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至三、太阳周日运动规律1：整个太阳运动轨迹是平行的，与天赤道平行，且冬至-夏至，运动轨迹向北移动0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球北极天球赤道赤纬+23.5°赤纬-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至三、太阳周日运动规律2：北极点太阳视运动平行地平面，半年极昼，半年极夜0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球北极天球赤道赤纬+23.5°赤纬-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至三、太阳周日运动0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤纬+23.5°赤纬-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北极66.5°66.5°三、太阳周日运动0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤纬+23.5°赤纬-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北极66.5°三、太阳周日运动天顶赤纬座標=+23.5°0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤纬+23.5°赤纬-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北极66.5°三、太阳周日运动天顶赤纬座標=+23.5°0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°夏至春秋分冬至天球北极天球赤道赤纬+23.5°赤纬-23.5°66.5°三、太阳周日运动天顶赤纬座標=+23.5°0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°西夏至春秋分天球北极冬至南北赤纬+23.5°赤纬-23.5°纬度90-纬度23.5°66.5°90°43°-23.5°+23.5°天球赤道东子午线春分秋分冬至夏至北回归线23.5°N南回归线23.5°S赤道0°23.5°66.5°66.5°23.5°南北①②③④北极星(约430光年)66.5°三、太阳周日运动规律3：北回归线太阳视运动轨迹往南偏与地平面夹角90°-23.5°，相互平行，从冬至到夏至，太阳视运动轨迹往北运动。注意日出，日落和正午太阳方位。0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天顶赤纬座標=+23.5°西夏至春秋分天球北极冬至南北赤纬+23.5°赤纬-23.5°纬度90-纬度23.5°66.5°90°43°-23.5°+23.5°天球赤道东子午线春分秋分冬至夏至66.5°三、太阳周日运动思考：北回归线二分二至日太阳日出、日落、地方时间6：00以及正午太阳方位？夏至日：日出东北，正午在头顶，日落西北春秋分：日出正东，正午在正南，日落正西冬至：日出东南，正午在正南，日落西南三、太阳周日运动0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤纬+23.5°赤纬-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北极23.5°23.5°三、太阳周日运动0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤纬+23.5°赤纬-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北极23.5°三、太阳周日运动0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤纬+23.5°赤纬-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北极23.5°三、太阳周日运动0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤纬+23.5°赤纬-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北极三、太阳周日运动0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°西北东南天球赤道赤纬+23.5°赤纬-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北极66.5°90°66.5°三、太阳周日运动规律4：赤道太阳视运动轨迹与地平面夹角90°。全年昼夜等长。0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤纬+23.5°赤纬-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北极三、太阳周日运动0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤纬+23.5°赤纬-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北极三、太阳周日运动0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤纬+23.5°赤纬-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北极天球南极三、太阳周日运动0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤纬+23.5°赤纬-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北极天球南极三、太阳周日运动0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°西天球赤道赤纬+23.5°赤纬-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北极天球南极北东南43°90°66.5°三、太阳周日运动规律5：南回归线太阳视运动轨迹整体向北偏。与地平面夹角66.5°。0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤纬+23.5°赤纬-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北极20°66.5°三、太阳周日运动0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤纬+23.5°赤纬-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北极66.5°三、太阳周日运动0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤纬+23.5°赤纬-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北极66.5°三、太阳周日运动0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤纬+23.5°赤纬-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北极66.5°三、太阳周日运动0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球北极66.5°三、太阳周日运动西北