情态动词-中考

情态动词

James为什么要有情态动词？试比较Thenecklaceisn’tinmypocket.Itislost.Thenecklaceisn’tinyourpocket.Itmustbelost.表达说话人对所描述的情景或事件的态度-说话人的心态家族成员—基本用法Can–could

能，可以，会May—might

可能是，或许是Must

必须Shall—should

应该Will---would

意志，意愿，打算Need

需要情态动词—特殊之处？？

Jackisn’tontheship.Hemustbesick.有词意，不单独作谓语—和其他动词连用Jackisn’tontheship.Heissick.无人称和数的变化Jackcanaffordtheticket.后加动词原形Can,could的用法Youjump,Ijump.你跳，我就跟着跳Jackcanswim.CanRoseswim?Yes,shecan.No,shecan’t.表示能力，意为“能，会”CancouldYoucan’tfindthekey.Hetookitawaywithhim.表示怀疑猜测，常用于否定句Wecangonow.口语中，表示请求或允许.相当于mayCancouldIcouldswimwhenIwasyoung.Could-can过去式CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?

Yes,youcan.No,I'mafraidnot.could也可表示请求，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句考题再现江湖--WhoseT-shirtisthis?(2011湖北黄冈)--It____beJack’s.it’s_____smallforhim.A.can’t;muchtooB.can’t;toomuchC.mustn't;muchtooD.mustn't;toomuchCan’t否定猜测Muchtoo+形容词Toomuch+不可数名词答案：A考题再现江湖Thetalentedboy（Jack）______writelyricswhenhewasattheageoften.(2011江西)A.mayB.couldC.must

Could-can的过去式表示能力答案：B考题再现江湖--CanJackrideahorse?--No,he___.(2011北京)A.needn’tBmaynotC.can’tD.mustn’tCan提问回答can’t答案：CMay，mightThenecklacemayhelpmetogetherheart.表示猜测“可能，也许”用于肯定句Shemightnotloveme,hethought.might为may的过去式，但也可代替may，语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定

MaymightMayIteachyouhowtospit?Yes,youmay.No,you?表示请求，许可。意为“可以”注意：1.主语为第一人称2.否定回答mustn’t或can’t。不可以，禁止。

Mayyousuccess!表示祝愿Maybevs.maybeJackmaybearichboy.MaybeJackisarichboy.Maybe情态动词+动原Maybe副词“大概，也许：相当于perhaps，用语句首考题再现江湖--WhatwouldyousendtoyoursisterastheChristmasgift,Jack?--Ihaven’tdecidedyet.I_____sendherahand-bag.(2009四川成都)A.shallB.mayC.mustMay表示可能答案：B考题再现江湖--whatareyougoingtoorder?--well,IthinkI＿trythefriedeggs,butI’mnotsureyet.(2011福建)A.mustB.mightC.shouldn’tD.can’tMight-may的过去式notsure不确定猜测答案：BmustWinningthatticket，Rose，wasthebestthingthateverhappenedtome...itbroughtmetoyou.AndI‘mthankfulforthat，Rose.I’mthankful.Youmustdomethishonor，Rose.Promisemeyou‘llsurvive.Thatyouwon’tgiveup，nomatterwhathappens，nomatterhowhopeless.Promisemenow，Rose，andneverletgooffthatpromise.

赢得船票...是我一生最幸运的事，让我可认识你，认识你真荣幸，万分荣幸，你一定要帮我，答应我活下去，答应我，你不会放弃...无论发生什么事，无论环境怎样...Rose，答应我，千万别忘了。

MustYoumustdomethishonor，Rose.Promisemeyou‘llsurvive.必须，一定Youmustbejoking!猜测用于肯定句MustYoumustn’tleavemeagain!禁止，不允许MustIgowithhim?No,youneedn’t.No,youdon’thaveto.Must的问句肯定回答用must，否定用needn’t/don’thaveto.Mustvs.can猜测Theshipisfantastic.Itcan’tsink.Theshipistoolarge,itmustsink.can和must在表推测时，can一般否定句中，而must常用于肯定句中。Mustvs.havetoHesaidthatImustsitstill.Must表示主观Mymotherwillfindme,soIhavetogobackquickly.Haveto表示客观需求考题再现江湖-FiftydollarsforsuchaT-shirt!You______bejoking!(2011江苏南京)-I’mserious.Itismadeofsilk.A.mustB.needC.mayD.canmust情态动词表示猜测Mustbe一定是canbe可能是maybe或许是答案：A考题再现江湖-MustIreturnthebookthisweek?(2011广东深圳)-No,you____.Youcan____itfor20days.A.mustn’t;keepB.needn’t;borrowC.needn’t;keepD.mustn’t;borrowmust否定回答-needn’tKeep持续性borrow-瞬间答案：C考题再现江湖-look!It___bethenewwomanmanager.-it___beher.ShehasjustleftforAmerica.A.can;mustn’tB.must;can’t(2008包头)C.must;mustn’tD.can’t;must肯定猜测：must否定猜测：can’t答案：BShall-shouldGodshallwipeawayallthetearsfromtheireyes,andthereshallbenomoredeath.Neithershalltherebesorrowordying，neithershalltherebeanymorepain,fortheformerworldhaspassedaway.

上帝擦去他们所有的眼泪，死亡不再有，也不再有悲伤和生死离别，不再有痛苦，因往事已矣。

ShallshouldShallIgototheparty?Shallwegotothepartytogether?

Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示请求或征求对方意见.Youshalllosemeifyoudon’tdoaswhatIsay.第二、三人称陈述句中表示许诺、决心、命令或警告.Shall—should.考题再现江湖InordertospeakChinesebetter,we＿beafraidoflosingface.Becausethemostimportantthingistopractice.Remember,practicemakesperfect.(2011黑龙江哈尔滨)A.shouldB.shouldn’tC.havetoShould应该Shouldn’t不应该Haveto不得不答案：B

Will-wouldI'llneverletgo.I'llneverletgo,Jack.

我永不食言，永不食言，Jack。

Will-wouldI‘llneverletgo.

I‘llneverletgo,Jack.

表意志、愿望和决心Theyaskedifwewoulddothatagain.过去式Wouldyoupassmethecoat?表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气Need（双重）区分Inordertofly,youneedtospreadyourarms.(实义)Youneedn’tbeafraidtofly.（情动）NeedIfinishitnow?Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.

情动小结Hemustdrinkalotofmilk.Becauseheisveryweak.Hemustdrinkalotofmilk.Becauseheisverystrong.1.基本用法Can–could能，可以，会Must必须May—might可能是，或许是Shall—should应该Will---would意志，意愿，打算Need需要情态动词用法否定式疑问式与简答can能力（体力，智力，技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中）cannot/cannot/can’tdoCan…do…?Yes,…can.No,…can’t.couldcouldn’tdomay可以（问句中表示请求）可能，或许（表推测）祝愿（用于倒装句中）maynotdoMay…do…?Yes,…may.No,…mustn’t/can’t.mightmightnotdoMight…do…?Yes,…mightNo,…mightnot.must必须，应该（表主观要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测）mustnot/mustn’tdoMust…do…?Yes,…must.No,…needn’t/don’thaveto.haveto只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态人称变化）don’thavetodoDo…havetodo…?Yes,…do.No,…don’t.oughtto应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用shouldoughtnotto/oughtn’ttodoOught…todo…?Yes,…ought.No,…oughtn’t.shall将要，会用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等shallnot/shan’tdoShall…do…?Yes,…shall.No,…shan’t.should应当，应该（表义务责任）本该（含有责备意味）shouldnot/shouldn’tdoShould…do…?will意愿，决心请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉willnot/won’tdoWill…do…?Yes,…will.No,…won’t.wouldwouldnot/wouldn’tdodare敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中）darenot/daren’tdoDare…do…?Yes,…dare.No,…daren’t.need需要必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中）neednot/needn’tdoNeed…do…?Yes,…must.No,…needn’t.usedto过去常常（现在已不再）usednot/usedn’t/usen’ttododidn’tusetodoUsed…todo…?Yes,…used.No,…use(d)n’t.Did…usetodo…?Yes,…did.No,…didn’t.表一、can与could用法对比表对比点cancould1、表“能力”Canyouliftthisheavybox?Icouldn’tunderstandwhathesaidatall.2、表“许可”Youcanuseadifferentmaterialinstead.HesaidIcouldborrowhisbike.3、“怀疑”No,no,itcan’tbetrue.Whatonearthcanthismean?Wethoughtthestorycouldnotbetrue.Howcouldyoubesocareless?4、can与beableto区别1.could代替can，表示语气更为婉转。

Eg.CouldIuseyourbike?Yes,Ican2.can(能够)=beableto(仅表能力时)，但beableto表示一番努力后，才能做得到，且有更多的时态。Hewasagoodswimmer,sohe__________swimtotheriverbankwhentheboatsank.A.couldB.mightC.shallD.wasableto表二、may与might用法对比表对比点mayMight1．表“询问”MayI…?(=CanI…?)MightI…?(=CouldI…?)(但比用may更客气)2.表“允许”Youmaytaketheboythere.Hetoldmehemightcome.(might与told相呼应)3．表“可能”“或许”Shemaynorlikethisplace.I’mafraidhemightnotlikethisplay.注：1.MayI…?的答语。2.may可表示期望或祝愿Mayyousucceed!3.may(might)用于目的状语从句中肯定：Yes,youmay.否定：No,youmustn’t不行（语气强硬）No,youmaynot或No,you’dbetternot.Theemperorgavethemsomegoldinorderthattheymightbegintheirworkatonce.表三、must与haveto的用法对比表对比点Musthaveto1．表“必须”（主观看法）必须；没有过去式，可用于间接引语中。HetoldmeImustdoaccordingtowhathesaid.（客观需要）不得不，有多种时态。It’srainingheavily,wecan’tgonow.2.疑问句MustI…?Yes,youmust.（一定）No,youneedn’t./youdon’thaveto.(不必)Doyouhavetogotoday?Yes,wedo.否定句：Youdon’thavetoworryaboutthat.表五、should与oughtto用法对比表对比点shouldoughtto1、表“应该”表劝告、建议Youshouldlistentothedoctor’sadvice.WeshouldlearnfromZhangHua表示“有责任有必要”做某事Yououghttofinishyourworkbeforeyougohome.Weoughttohelpeachother.2、表“估计”Theyshouldgethomebynow.表示“非常可能”的事，可译为“总应该”Ifwestarttoworkrightnow,weoughttofinishitbeforelunch.(午饭前应当能干完)注：1）、should还可在虚拟语气中的使用2).注意：oughtto的疑问式及否定式----Oughthetogo?----Yes,Ithinkheoughtto.No,heoughtn’tto.否定式：oughtnottoa或oughtn’ttodo(不说oughttonotdo)反疑问句：oughtn’t______?推测用法

2.推测用