现在完成时2 (恢复)

学习现在完成时应注意的区别

1）延续性动词与短暂性动词的区别2）have/hasgonetohave/hasbeentohave/hasbeenin的区别。延续性动词与终止性动词动词按其动作发生方式，动作发生过程的长短，分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示的是一种延续的动作，这种动词可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词，表示的动作发生立即结束，产生某种结果。leave,start,setout,arrive,reach,getto,begin,stop,shut,turnoff,marry,put,puton,getup,wake,fall,join,receive,finish,end,complete,become,come,go,die,close,open,break,give,jump,buy,borrow等。终止性动词的用法1)终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：Theplanehasarrived.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.2)终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续，所以现在完成时（肯定式）不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：不能说Hehascomehereforthreemonths.应该说Hehasbeenhereforthreemonths.3)短暂性动词现在完成时的否定式，已成为一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：Ihaven’theardformhimfortwoweeks.Hehasn’tleftheresince1990.4)在while(表示‘一段时间’)引导的从句中，不能用短暂性动词，但when可以，因为when可表示时间点，也可表示时间段误：WhileIgottothevillage,itwasdark.正：WhenIgottothevillage,itwasdark.5)短暂性动词的肯定式的完成时不能和howlong连用。如：误：Howlonghaveyouborrowthebook?正：Howlonghaveyoukeptthebook?正：Whendidyouborrowthebook?延续性动词的用法1)延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，可以与时间段连用：Ihavewaitedforhimfornearlytwohours.2)延续性动词不可以与时间点连用误：Itrainedateightyesterdaymorning.正：Itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning.延续性动词的用法当表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态时,延续性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用.

for+since+since+since+

1.这辆自行车我已买了三年了。

I___________thebike______threeyears.I___________thebike_____threeyears______.

2.他去年参军了。

He_______________thearmy______lastyear.He_____________________ofthearmy______twoyears.的过去分词表状态的词延续性动词havehas主语+一段时间时间起点一段时间+ago一般过去时的从句havehadforhavehadsinceagohasbeeninsincehasbeenamemberfor重点句型:

Itis/hasbeen+段时间+since从句

段时间+haspassed+since从句

他死了两年了：Hediedtwoyearsago.Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears/sincetwoyearsagoItis/hasbeentwoyearssincehedied.Twoyearshaspassedsincehedied.

含since的典型句子:It’s(hasbeen)+一段时间+since从句(过去时)一段时间

+

haspassed

+since从句(过去时)

It’shalfanhour_____he______here.（到达）Halfanhour___________sincehe_____here.2.____twelveyears_____she_____.（去世）Twelveyears___________sinceshe_____.

sincearrivedhaspassed

gotIt’ssincediedhaspasseddiedIhavebought

thispenfortwomonths.Ihavehadthispenfortwomonths.Howlonghaveyou_____thispen?hadTheplayhasbegunforanhour.hasbeenonforanhour.2.区分短暂性动词与持续性动词.

表示瞬间性的动词在现在完成时的句中不能和一段时间连用.即for,since短语或howlong问句.试比较每组中哪个是正确的：Hehascomehereforsevenyears.Hehasbeenhereforsevenyears.

Thisfactoryhasopenedforseveralyears.Thisfactoryhasbeen

open

forseveralyears.

Helenhasborrowedthebookforamonth.Helenhaskeptthebookforamonth.

FTFTFT这本书我已借了五天。1.Ihaveborrowedthebookforfivedays.2.Ihavekeptthebookforfivedays.3.Iborrowedthebookfivedays.ago.FTT她回家来有两年时间。1.Shehascomehomefortwoyears.2.Shecamehometwoyearsago.3.Shehasbeenbackhomefortwoyears.4.Itistwoyearssinceshecamebackhome.FTTT课开始五分钟了。Theclasshasbegunfor5minutes.Theclasshasbeenonfor5minutes.Theclassbegan5minutesago.FTT他死了一周.1.Hehasdiedforaweek.2.Hehasbeendeadforaweek.3.Hehasdiedsinceaweekago.4.Itisaweeksincehedied.FTFT她离开家已有两年时间。1.Shehaslefthomefortwoyears.2.Shelefthometwoyearsago.3.Shehasbeenawayfromhomefortwoyears.4.Itistwoyearssinceshelefthome.FTTT他参军已有一个月的时间。1.Hejoinedthearmyamonthago.2.Hehasjoinedthearmyforamonth.3.Hehasbeenasoldierforamonth.4.Itisamonthsincehejoinedthearmy.TFTT我这支笔已买了五年1.Ihaveboughtthepenforfiveyears.2.Ihavehadthepenforfiveyears.3.Iboughtthepenfiveyearsago.他来这里一小时了Hehascomehereforanhour.Hehasbeenhereforanhour.FTTFT瞬间动作不能与表示一段时间的短语连用，应改用持续性动词。√×××√×√√()()()()()()()()Ihaveboughtanewdictionaryforaweek.

Ihavehadanewdictionaryforaweek.我买一本新词典已有一星期了。Theyhavecomeherefortwodays.Theyhavebeenherefortwodays.他们来这儿已经两天了。HehasjoinedtheLeaguememberfortwoyears.HehasbeenaLeaguememberfortwoyears.他已入团两年了。Themanhasbeendeadforseveralyears.Themanhasdiedforseveralyears.这个人已经死了几年了。请判断非延续性动词同“for”和“since”的状语连用具体变化如下：

open---beopenclose---beclosedleave---beaway(from)begin/start---beonbuy---haveborrow---keep

join---beindie---bedeadmarry---bemarriedbecome---beHehascomeback.Hehasbeenbackforaweek.Hehasbeenbacksinceaweekago.Hecamebackaweekago.Itisaweeksincehecameback.

常见终止性动词:leave,go,come,arrive,begin,buy,borrow,die,join,become等.终止性动词要表示持续时,可用以下方法:

⑴.将时间状语改为时间段+ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时.

我弟弟参军两年了.Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.

⑵.若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句,或用在howlong句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词将暂短性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连用，其常用的方法有：a.用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有：buyhaveborrowkeepcome/go/becomebecatch/getacoldhaveacoldgettoknowknowbe+名词

jointhePartybeaPartymembergotoschoolbeastudentbe+形容词/副词

leavebeaway（from)diebedeadputonbeonfinish/endbeoverbegin/startbeoncomebehere/infallasleepbeasleepgooutbeoutd.be+介词短语

gotoschoolbein/atschooljointheArmybeintheArmy

leave—beenawayfrombuy—haveborrow—keepdie—bedeadgetup—beupputon—beoncome/getback—bebackgototown—beintownlose—bemissingcatchacold—haveacoldclose—beclosed/notopenopen—beopenfallill/asleep—beill/asleepbegin/start—beonget/receivealetterfrom—havealetterfrom

cometo—behere/therearrivein（at）/getto/reach——behere/therejointhearmy-------beinthearmy/beasoldierjointheLeague---beintheLeague/bealeaguemember延续性动词和短暂性动词转换归纳。吉姆买了这只钢笔两年了。buy----haveJimhashadthispenfortwoyears.Jimhashadthispensincetwoyearsago.Jimhashadthispensince2003.ItistwoyearssinceJimboughtthispen.IthasbeentwoyearssinceJimboughtthispen.Jimboughtthispentwoyearsago.

Iborrowedthisbookamonthago.Itis/hasbeenamonthsinceIborrowedthebook.Ihavekeptthebookforamonth/sinceamonthago.AmonthhaspassedsinceIborrowedthebook.这本书我借了一个月了。现在完成时中延续性动词和终止性动词英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave,come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段,since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在howlong引导的特殊疑问句summary1.我买了这块手表五年了。2.这位老人已经死了十年了。Ihaveboughtthiswatchforfiveyears.Ihavehadthiswatchforfiveyears/since5yearsago.

Theoldmanhasdiedfortenyears.Theoldmanhasbeendead

fortenyears/since10yearsago.FFT3.他已经回来三天了。4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。5.我离开家乡已十年了。

Hehascomebackfor3days.Hehasbeenback

for3days/since3daysago.

Hehascomeheresince6o’clock.Hehasbeenheresince6o’clock.

Ihavelefthometownfor10years.Ihavebeenawayfromhometownfor10years.FFF这辆车我已买了有三年了.老师离开半小时了.

我叔叔去英国十年了.我妹妹借这本书两天了.他入团两年了.Ihavehadthiscarforthreeyears.Theteacherhasbeenawayforhalfanhour.MyunclehasbeeninEnglandfortenyears.Mysisterhaskeptthisbookfortwodays.Hehasbeenin

theLeaguefortwoyears.HehasbeenaLeaguememberfortwoyears.练习延续性动词与终止性动词终止性动词不可延续,所以不可与表示一段时间的状语连用.误:I’veleftmyhometownfor10years.正:I’vebeenawayfrommyhometownfor10years.误:Hehasborrowedthisbookforaweek.正:Hehaskeptthisbookforaweek.

但它们的否定式可以与一段时间状语连用.Eg.Ihaven’tboughtanynewclothesforthreemonths.但如果现在完成时的谓语动词是点动词（短暂性动词）的否定形式，则一般可以和表示一段时间的for短语连用。如：Myparentshaven’tseenmefortwoyears.我的父母两年没见到我了。注意1.—HowlongcanI____thisbook?—Twoweeks

A.borrowB.keepC.lend2.Herfather___in1990andherhusband___formorethanfiveyears.

A.hasdied,hasdiedB.hasdied,deadC.died,hasbeendead3.Ihave___thisnicewatchfortwoyears.

A.hadB.boughtC.borrowed

4.He___hishomefortenyears.

A.hasleftB.wasawayfromC.hasbeenawayfrom5.He___aLeaguememberforthreeyears.

A.isB.hasbeenC.hasbecame

6.Lihua'sbrotherhas___fortwoyears.

A.joinedthearmyB.beeninthearmyC.becameasoldier

7.Hehasn't____fromGuangzhoueversinceheleftschool

A.leftB.beenawayC.beenleft8.Betty___herefortwohours.She___hereat8:00thismorning.

A.hasbeen;cameB.hasbeen;hascomeC.was;came9.Thefilm___forfiveminutes.

A.beganB.hasbeenonC.hasbegun

10.Youaretoolate.Theshop___formanyhours.

A.closedB.hasbeenclosedC.hasclosed

11.Mary___Tomin2000.They___for8years.

A.married;havebeenmarriedB.married;havemarriedC.marries;havebeenmarried

Correctthemistakesinthefollowingsentences.1、Tomhasgotupforhalfanhour.2、LiuMeihasjoinedtheLeagueforthreeyears.3、Thetrainhasreachedthestationsince10minutesago.4、Thelittlegirlhasfallenasleepforfourhours.5、Whenhaveyoucleanedtheclassroom?It’scleannow.6、Howlonghaveyoucaughtacold?7、Shehasgottenlettersfromhermothersincelastweek.homework8.Tenyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried.9.JimhasgonetoBeijingfor2years.10.Whattimehavethefactoryopened?11.IhavegonetoChunhuaMiddleSchooltwicehave/hasgoneto

have/hasbeento

have/hasbeeninHave/hasgoneto

have/hasbeento

have/hasbeeninhave/hasgoneto:已经去了或在途中，还没有返回；have/hasbeento:曾今去过某地，现在已经回来了,后面可接表示“次数”的状语;have/hasbeenin:表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。have/hasbeento表示某人曾经去过某地，现在已经回来。

例如：IhavebeentotheGreatWall.我去过长城。have/hasgoneto表示某人去了某地，这个人已经不在此地，还没有回来。例如：Youcan'tfindher.ShehasgonetoBeijing.你找不到她。她到北京去了。Theyhavebeentothefarm.Theyhavegonetothefarm.Haveyoubeentothenorth?Hehasgonetothenorth.他们去过农场。（已返回）他们去农场了。（未返回）你去过北方吗（问一个现在不在北方的人）他去了北方。（他现在在北方，或在去那里的路上）have/hasbeen

in/at

have/hasbeenin/at(指小地方)

强调在某地住过多长时间，不顾及主语现在是否在此地。

e.g.Howlonghaveyoubeeninthisschool?

你在这所学校多长时间了？

Hehasbeeninourcityforfivemonths.Where’she?He’sgonetoShanghai.HowmanytimeshasMilliebeentoBeijing?Once./Twice./Threetimes.SandyhasgonetoBeijing,soyoucan’tfindher.We’vebeeninTokyofortwoyears.have/hasgoneto…

have/hasbeenin…

have/hasbeento…

1.A:Where’sJim,LiLei?B:He______________hisschoollibrary.2.TheGreens_____________Chinaforthreeyears.We_____________theGreatWalltwice.It’sverybeautiful.hasgonetohavebeeninhavebeento

BAABB

stay

A练一练：1.Whereisyourfather?He_______________London.2.Howmanytimes_____you__________Beijing?Never.3.Ican’tfindyourmother.Oh,she____________thecinema.4.I_____never__________France.havebeentohasgonetohavebeentohasgoneto1.Haveyouever__________Shanghai?2.WhereisLucy?Shehas________thelab.3.Lucyhasbeen_____Chinasince5yearsago.4.IhavegonetoJapan.()判断5.ThesceneryofLeyeisverybeautiful,Ihavebeentheretwice.()havebeento曾经去过某地（已返回）havegoneto去了某地（没有回来）havebeenin+时间段在某地多久了beentogoneto×in√要点及难点区别：

(1)_____youever_____toBeijing?No,_______.(2)WhereisMike?He__________toBeijingalready.(3)Where______you________?Icouldn’tfindyou.(4)_____youruncle______totheGreatWallyet?No,he______./__________.He’sleavingtomorrow.(5)MrSmith_______________Japanforthreeyears.havebeentohavegonetohavebeenin注意：地点副词here/there/home/abroad等前省略to.翻译：1、他出国了。_______________________________

2、他出过国。_______________________________Havebeenneverhasgone

have

beenHas

gonehasn’tNotyethasbeeninHehasgoneabroad.

Hehasbeenabroad.表示“曾经去过某地”（在眼前，人已回）表示“已经去某地去了”（不在眼前人未回）表示去了且还在那(和for,since,Howlong连用)短语辨析短语have(has)beeninhave(has)beentohave(has)goneto意义例句他来上海已经有10年了.他去过上海3次.他去了上海还没有回来.HehasbeentoShanghaithreetimes.HehasbeeninShanghaifortenyears.HehasgonetoShanghaiandhaven’tcomebackyet.在某地（多长时间）现在仍在那里。常与时段连用。曾去过某地（…次）现在已不在那里。可与just,ever,never等连用，去了…还没有回来1.—MayIspeaktoKen?—Sorry,heisout.He___seehisteacher,

A.goestoB.hasbeentoC.hasgoneto2.Ourteacher__heresince2004.

A.hasbeeninB.hasbeentoC.hasbeen3.—Haveyouever___Huangshan?—Yes,I’vebeentheretwice.

A.beentoB.beeninC.goneto

4.—Where’sDaming?—He____theteachers’office.

A.hasbeentoB.havegonetoC.hasgoneto

例句分析:

例1.MissGreenisn‘tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.

Ａ.hasgoneＢ.wentＣ.willgoＤ.hasbeen

例2.Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.

Ａ.havebeeninＢ.havebeento

Ｃ.havegonetoＤ.havebeen

简析：“have/hasgoneto+地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/hasbeenin+地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/hasbeento+地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故例1、2的正确答案皆为A。

AA1.Sheisn’therenowbecauseshe____thezoo.A.hasbeentoB.havegonetoC.hasgoneto2.TheGreens_____Guilintwice.D.havegonetoA.havebeentoB.havebeeninC.hasbeenin3.Lilyhasmadelotsoffriendssinceshe___here.A.comeB.hasbeenC.cameD.coming4.Myparents______inBeijingsince1995.A.arelivingB.havelivedC.livedD.willlive5.Hisgrandma______for2years.WasdiedB.hasdiedC.wasdeadD.hasbeendeadexerciseChoosetherightanswers.1、ThetwinscanspeakgoodChinesebecausethey_________Chinafor6years.AhavebeentoBhavecometoChavebeeninDhavegoneto2、UncleWang_______infactorysinceitopenedin1989.AworksBworkedChasworkedDhaveworked3、_________haveyoulivedinBeijing?AHowsoonBHowoftenCHowmuchDHowlong4、He's_________backhomesince3daysago.AcomeBgotCbeenDget5、Heneverhaslunchathome,_____he?Ahasn'tBhasCdoesn'tDdoesCCCDD

6、----WhereisTom?Ican’tfindhimanywhere.----He______backforaholiday.A.wentB.goesC.hasgoneD.willgo7、I_______himsincewe________children.Aknew,wereB.haveknown,wereC.know,areD.haveknown,are8、It__________morethantwoyearssinceshelefthome.A.wasB.hasbeenC.isD.be9、Morethantwomonths________sinceMrSmithcamehere.A.haspassedB.havepassedC.haspastD.havepast10、----_________hasthemovie________?----Eversincetwenty-fiveminutesago.A.Howsoon,begunB.Howlong,begunC.Howsoon,beenonD.Howlong,beenonCCBAD1.MissLiuisn’tintheoffice.

She_______tothelibrary.2.Where_____you_____?

I_________tothehotel.3.Myuncle________toBeijing

tohaveameeting.He_______

theremanytimes.hasgonehavebeenhavebeenhasgonehasbeen用have(has)been/have(has)gone填空4.LinTao________backtohis

hometownandwon’tbeback

untilSeptember.

5.Howmanytimes__________

totheUSA?No,never.

6.Where’she?He_________to

theteachers’office.

7.Heknowsitverywellbecause

he________theremanytimes.hasgonehaveyoubeenhasgonehasbeen同义句型转换：1.MyfatherjoinedthePartyten

yearsago.

Myfatherhas_______the

Party____tenyears.2.LucycameheretenminutesagoLucy_______heresinceten

minutesagobeeninforhasbeen3.Ihavekeptthebookforaweek.

I________thebookaweekago.4.JimhasbeeninChinafor3

years.

Jim______China_________.5.Theoldmanhasbeendeadfora

year.It__oneyear____theoldman___.borrowedcameto3yearsagoissincedied6.Iboughtanewbiketwoweeks

ago.

I________anewbike___two

weeks.7.MissYangcametoourschool

in1990.MissYang__________our

school_____1990.havehadforhasbeeninsince8.Heleftheretwoweeksago.He__________for______.9.Weborrowedsomestorybooks

thedaybeforeyesterday.We________somestory

books_______days.hasbeenawaytwoweekshavekeptfortwo10.Lucyhasbeeninourteam

sincelastmonth.Lucy_____ourteam_______

____.11.Hehasbeenawayfromhome

foraweek.

He___home__________.joinedamonthleftaweekagoagoHomework翻译下列句子1她曾经去过上海。2他在上海10年了。

3他去上海了。4Tom在哪儿？他去书店买书了。5我在北京待了5年了。6Jack去过上海两次了用Havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin填空Mikeandhisparents__________thenorthforhalfayear.Mumisnotathomenow.she_________theshop.______youever_____tokunming?Never.Where_____you______thesedays?HasJimarrivedyet?Yes,he_______hereforseveraldays.WhereisPeter?Idon’tknowwherehe________.7.HiJim!Where_____you_____?LiLeiislookingforyou.8.whereisJim?He

Wuhan.9.Myparents

theGreatWalltwice.Theylikethereverymuch.10.youever

totheHappyvalley?11Howlong

Peter

theWestHillfarm?12Mysister

theshop.Shewillbebackintwohours.13She