外研版英语必修三 Module 1 Europe Grammar 课件 (共76张PPT)

Module1EuropeGrammar1&2必修三Grammar1Readthesentencesandanswerthequestions.aParisisvisitedbymorethaneightmilliontouristseveryyear.bTheSagradaFamiliarwasdesignedbyanarchitectcalledAntoioGaudi.cFlorence’smostbeautifulpaintingsandsculptureswereproducedbygreatartistssuchasLeonardodaVinci.dAthensisknownasthebirthplaceofwesterncivilization.eTheParthenonwasbuiltduringthisperiod.Whatdoesthewordbyinthefirstthreesentencestellyou?Ittellsuswhodidtheaction.2.Isthereanydifferenceinmeaningbetweenthesetwosentences?Parisisvisitedbymorethaneightmilliontouristseveryyear.MorethaneightmilliontouristsvisitPariseveryyear.Thefocusisdifferent.InthefirstsentencesitisPariswhichismoreimportant.Inthesecondsentencewearemoreinterestedinthetourists.3.Whyisthewordbynotinthesentencedande?Thewordbyisnotinsentenced,becauseweunderstandthatitmeans“isknownbyeveryone”,andtheinclusionoftheagentwouldbesuperfluous.Thewordbyisnotinsentenceebecausewearen’tinterestedinwhobuiltit(althoughitwouldbeperfectlyalrighttoadd“byIktinoandKallikrates”here).一、何时使用被动语态1.不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。Paperismadefromwood.Hewaswoundedinthefight.2.需要强调动作的承受者时。

Booksandnewspapersinthereadingroommustn’tbetakenaway.Hewasawardedfirstprizeinthatcontest.被动语态3.为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。

Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.Electricityisusedtorunmachines.形式时态助动词be的变化形式+实意动词的过去分词现在一般时态一般过去时态一般将来时态一般过去将来时态现在进行时态过去进行时态

am(is,are)

was(were)

shall(will)be

would(should)be

am(is,are)being

was(were)being+done二、被动语态的构成现在完成时态过去完成时态将来完成时态过去将来完成时态

has(have)been

hadbeen

shall(will)havebeen

should(would)havebeen+done三、不同形式的被动语态

含有直宾和间宾的主动结构,变为被动时可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语。Heshowedmehispictures.Iwasshownhispicturesbyhim.Hispictureswereshowntomebyhim.Auntmademeanewdress.Iwasmadeanewdressbyaunt.Anewdresswasmadeformebyaunt.2.含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。TheycallherXiaoLi.SheiscalledXiaoLi.make,let,have,hear,watch,see,feel,notice.H既动词后变做宾补的不定式一般不加to，变为被动，必须加to。MybrotheroftenmademedothisandthatwhenIwasyoung.IwasoftenmadetodothisandthatbymybrotherwhenIwasyoung.Iheardhermoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight.Shewasheardtomoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight.DidyouseeJacktakeawaythemagazine?WasJackseentotakeawaythemagazine?3.情态动词的被动语态。是由情态V+be+p.p.构成。

Theycannotfindhim.Hecannotbefound.

Youmustpaymeforthis.

Imustbepaidforthis.

4.短语V的被动语态一般来讲，只有及物V才有被动语态,因为只有vt才能有动作的承受者;但有许多由不及物动词+介词及其他词类构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语。因而可以有被动语态，但应注意短语V是一个不可分割的整体。变被动时，不可丢掉构成短语的prep或adv.这样的短语有：lookafter,listento,lookat,payattentionto,takecareof,lookforwardto,makeuseofTheyhadputoutthefirebeforethefire—brigadearrived.Thefirehadbeenputoutbeforethefire-brigadearrived.5.有些动词用主动形式表被动含义。Thegoodssellswell.Thedoorcan’topen.6.有些词如want,need,require和beworth后面v-ing形式为主动，意义为被动。

Theroomneeds/wants/requirescleaning.Thebookisworthreading.7.主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使用形式替代词it.WeknowthatBritainisanislandcountry.It’sknownthatBritainisanislandcountry.8.宾语为反身代词，相互代词及虚词it时，不用被动语态,只用主动。

Iwilldoitmyself.ThemanintroducedhimselfasMr.Wang.9.谓语动词是以下时，无被动。happen,belongto,suit,fit(适合),have,let,join,fall,last(延长),cost(花费)breakout(爆发)appear,burstout(迸发)，hold(容纳)，lack(缺乏)，agreewith(同意).10.据说类动词：say,consider,think,report,know,believe,suggest,understand,hope,etc.如：Itissaidthat…Thereissaidtobe…Sth./Sb.issaidto…11.主动形式表被动①感官动词：sound,taste,smell,fell,look,seem等主语是物时；②一些vi主动形式表被动含义open,close,shut,read,write,translate,wash,clean,lock,sell,wear,cut,cook,eat,weigh,drink,pay,draw,etc.③不定式toblame,tolet（出租）作表语时,主动形式表被动含义。Youaretoblame.Thehouseistolet.④表(sth)需要的need,want,require等后的动名词用主动形式表被动含义。Thehouseneeds/wants/requirerepairing⑤beworth后的动名词主动形式表被动含义。Thebookisworthreading.Makethesesentencespassive.AboutamilliontouristsvisitFlorenceeachyear.

Florenceisvisitedbyaboutamilliontouristseachyear.2.TenmillionpeoplevisitedLondonlastyear.Londonwasvisitedbytenmillionpeoplelastyear.

3.LeonardodaVincipaintedtheMonaLisa.TheMonaLisawaspaintedbyLeonardodaVinci.

4.Picassodidn’tpainttheMonaLisa.TheMonaLisawasn’tpaintedbyPicasso.5.ThousandsofworkersbuiltthegreatWallofChina.ThegreatWallofChinawasbuiltbythousandsofworkers.Example:

TheSagradaFimiliawasdesignedbyanEnglisharchitect(Spanish)No,itwasn’t.ItwasdesignedbyaSpanisharchitect.

Correctthewrongstatements.1.TheLouvreArtGalleryislocatedinAthen.(Paris)

No,itisn’t.It’slocatedinParis.2.Parisissituatedonthecoast.(RiverSeine)No,itisn’t.ItissituatedontheRiverSeine.3.Florenceisvisitedbyeightmilliontouristseveryyear.(onemillion)No,itisn’t.Itisvisitedbyonemilliontouristseveryyear.4.Barcelonaisknownasthebirthplaceofwesterncivilization.(Athens)No,itisn’t.Athensisknownasthebirthplaceofwesterncivilization.

5.TheParthenonwasbuiltahundredyearsago.(2,400yearsago.)No,itisn’t.TheParthenonwasbuilt2,400yearsago.

Grammar2Readthesentencesandanswerthequestions.

MyfamilylivesinCardiff.Oursoccerteamisfantastic.Thewholeclassishere.Whathavethewordsfamily,team,andclassgotincommon?(a)Theyareallsingularnouns.(b)Theyarefollowedbyasingularverb.(c)Theyrefertoonlyoneperson.(d)Theyrefertoanumberofpeople.主谓一致

要点精讲“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are,were,have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is,was,has,works等。在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。一、主语为下列情况时，谓语用单数：1.时间/距离/重量/价值/数目等名词作整体看待时。Twentyyearsisonlyashorttimeinhumanhistory.Thirtydollarsistoohighapriceforthebook.Another10yearshaspassedsinceheleft.主谓一致2.主语由从句、不定式短语、动名词充当时。Whentheywilldiscussithasn’t

beenmadepublic.Todieforthepeopleisaworthydeath.Lookingafterthechildrenisherfull-timejob.3.主语由“S”结尾的学科名词充当时。Physicsiswellworthstudying.Mathsisadifficultscience.4.主语为书、报、地名、组织名称，以复数形式出现。TheTimesusuallyspeaksfortheBritishgovernment.TheUnitedStatesismadeupof50states.5.news,works,crossroads,woods等复数形式表示单数概念时，means视情况而定。Badnewshaswings.Everymeanshasbeentriedtosettletheproblem.6.并列主语指同一概念时。Athiefandmurdererwassentencedtodeath.Breadandbutterisservedforbreakfast.7.不定代词作主语时。Somebodyis

lookingforyou.Everythingisniceinyourgarden.Anyoneisforbiddentosmokehere.8.each/every/no/manya+名词单数+and+each/every/no/manya+名词单数。Eachmanandeachwomanwasinvitedtotheparty.Noengineerandnoworkerwasintheworkshop.Everyhourandeveryminute

is

important.Manyaboyandmanyagirlhasseenit.9.manya/thewhole/each/neither/either+名词单数。Manyacaremakestheheadwhite.ThewholenationwasindeepsorrowatLincoln’sdeath.Neitherstoryistrue.Eachbird

lovestohearhimselfsing.10.each/neither/eitherof+名词复数/them,us,you。Eachofthemhasabeautifulhouse.Eitherofthebicyclesbelongstome.11.thispairof/thatpairof/apairof+名词复数。Thispairofshoesneeds

mending.12.morethanone+名词单数。Morethanonesoldierwaskilledinthebattle.13.主语为one,theother,another,noone,neither。Onehastodoone’sbest.Hereisonlyoneshoe.Where

istheother?Therewasarainbowinthesky,andanotherwasinhisbreast.14.man,theworld,clothing做主语。Alltheworldknowsthattheearthisround.Ourclothingprotectsusfromthecold.二、谓语动词用复数的情况the+姓的复数形式。TheGreensaregoingtomakeatriptoLondon.2.以复数形式出现的表示群岛、山脉、瀑布等的专有名词。Asisknowntoall,RockymountainsstandinNorthAmerica.3.the+folk(s),people,police,cattle,Chinese,French,Japanese,English等集体名词Thepolicearerunningafterthethief.TheChineseare

ahard-workingpeople.4.theblind,deaf,poor,living,young,dead,wounded等形容词表一类人或物Generally,theyoungarethirstyforknowledge.Thedeadare

soonforgotten.三、谓语动词与前面的主语一致

aswellasratherthanalong/togetherwithsuch…as,likesuchas,besidesnolessthan=asmuchasbut/exceptbeyondno…but……andnot…分词(介词、不定式)短语同位语定语从句1.HeaswellasIisabsentfromthemeeting.2.Theofficer,ratherthanministersanswersforit.3.Mary,(along)withherfriendsgoesabroad.4.Bookssuchasthis

are

usefulandair

is

necessaryforplants.5.Thegirllikemanyboys

isfondofsports.6.Sunshine,nolessthanwaterandair

isnecessaryforplants.7.Everyonehere,includingoldpeoplelikesreading.8.Aluckyvisitortotheplacesis

fortunate.9.ThepeopleinLuyicity

arefriendly.10.ForeignerswhoworkinChinaare

fromCanada.11.ThemaninvitedtoEuropeancountriesis80.12.Thestudentsstudyinginschoolstudy

well.13.Noonebutwehasseenthefilm.14.Jack,andnotwehasseenthefilm.四、谓语动词与后者一致的情况

or,noreither…or…neither…nor…连接2个并列主语时

notonly…butalso…not...but...1.You,he,orIamright.2.Neitheryounorheisright.3.Eitherheoryouareright.4.Iseitherheoryouright?5.NotonlyhebutalsoI

amright.6.BothheandI

areright.7.Nothimbutwehaveseenthefilm.五、视情况而定的情况1.Family,army,class,crew,team,enemy,group,party,couple,government等集体名词作主语时。Herfamilyissmall,butthefamilyareadvancedworkers.Classisoverandtheclassarealloutforplay.Ourgrouparereadingthenewspapers.Thisgroupishaving

ameeting.2.分数、百分数、half,all,part,any,some,alot,lots,plenty,rest,most,asupply,suppliesof后跟可数名词单数/不可数名词或代表可数名词单数/不可数名词时谓语动词用单数；如果后跟可数名词复数或代表可数名词复数谓语动词则用复数。Halfofthework

is

finishedandtherestis

goingtobefinishednextweek.Halfofthestudentsinthisclassaregirlsandofcourse,therestareboys.50%ofthebookhasbeenfinishedreading.3.the+名词单数+and+名词单数+动词单数；the+名词单数+and+the+名词单数+动词复数。Thewriterandteacheriscoming.Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.

4.what,who,which,such常与其后的作表语的名词一致。Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.Suchisourplan.Suchare

hiswords.5.these/those+sort/kind/typeof+名词复数+动词复数。Thosetype/kind/sortofmachinesare

update.6.this/thatkind/sortof+名词单数+动词单数；this/thatkind/sortof++名词复数+动词单(复)数均可。This/thatkind/sortofmanisdangerous.This/thatkind/sortofapplesare/ishighlypriced.This/thatkind/sortofwateris

safetodrink.7.oneofthe+名词复数+动词单数；oneof+定语从句+动词单数。Oneoftheboyshashelpedme.Heisoneoftheboyswhohavehelpedme.8.theonly/veryoneofthe+名词复数+定语从句+动词单数。Heistheonly/veryoneoftheboyswhohashelpedme.9.population后的动词单复数与表语一致。ThepopulationofChinaisundercontrol.80percentofthepopulationofChina

arefarmers.10.thenumberof+名词复数+单数谓语anumberof+名词复数+复数谓语Anumberofroomsare

onsale.Thenumberoftheroomis303.11.quantitiesof无论修饰可数还是不可数名词、谓语动词都用复数。aquantityof+可数名词复数、谓语动词用复数;+不可数名词、谓语动词用单数。即修饰可数或不可数名词均可,作主语时采取就近一致的原则,其谓语动词通常与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。

Largequantitiesofmoney

werespentonthebridge.Alargequantityofmoneywasspentonthebridge.Alargequantityofmaterialswerespentonthebridge.12.avarietyof+名词复数+动词复数、avarietyof+名词单数+动词单数、varietiesof+名词+动词复数、thevarietyof+名词复数+动词单数。Agreatvarietyofflowerswereshownthere.Therewas

aconsiderablevarietyofopinion.Thereareseveralvarietiesofredroses.Thevarietyofgoodsondisplayrevealsabigleapforwardinthedevelopmentofourindustrialandagriculturalproduction.13.anaverageof+名词复数+动词复数theaverageof+名词复数+动词单数Anaverageof3students

are

absenteachday.Theaverageof14,3and1is6.14.atotalof+名词复数+动词复数thetotalof+名词复数+动词单数Atotalof300letterswere

receivedlastmonth.Thetotaloflettersreceivedlastmonthwas

300.15.amajority(minority)of+名词复数+动词单/复数、themajority(minority)+动词单（复数）、themajority(minority)of+名词复数+动词单数或复数Amajorityofpeopletake/takespartinculturalpursuits.Onlyaminorityofthemembersobject.Themajoritywas/wereinfavoroftheplan.Themajorityofpopulationlive/livesincities.Thevastmajorityofthestudentsneed/needs

increasedfinancialsupport.16.oneortwo+名词复数+动词复数、a+名词单数+ortwo+动词单数、在倒装句中用单数。Oneortwodaysare

enoughforthem.Oneortwostudents

wereabsentfromclassthismorning.Adayortwois

enough.Aservantortwoorthreewastoaccompanythem.Insideeachfolderis

oneortwosheetsofinformation.One+in(outof,of)+名词复数+动词单数但在新闻报道或非正式文体中也可用复数。Oneoutoftwenty

was

badlydamaged.Onlyoneoutoffivewerepresentattheconference.Oneintensufferfrombronchitis.Answers:(1)plays(2)has(3)lives/liveFinishActivity2,Page7Answers:(1)Yes,theydo.(2)Onlythatitismorethantwo(3)Nowedon’t,exceptthattheremustbetwoormore.FinishActivity3,Page7

AmyandHelencan’tspeakChinese.NeitherAmynorHelencanspeakChinese.2.

AllthecountriesinEuropehaveagoodsoccerteam.EachcountryinEuropehasagoodsoccerteam.FinishActivity4,Page7

3.

FranceandGermanyaren’tgoingtosigntheagreement.NeitherFrancenorGermanyisgoingtosigntheagreement.4.Thewholeclassdoesn’twanttostudyJapanese.NoneoftheclasswantstostudyJapanese.ExercisesEveryteacherandeverystudent____foundastudents’Union.A.hasB.haveC.expectstoD.hopeto2.Nobodybutthem____toknowaboutthematter.A.wantB.wantsC.havewantedD.werewanted3.Nothingbuttrousers____inthatsmallshop.A.wasworthof20dollarsB.wereworth20dollarsC.wascost20dollarsD.waspaidfor20dollarsCBD4.Thedictionaryaswellasthebooksthat____picturesinthem____toher.has;belongsB.have;arebelongedC.has;belongD.have;belongs5.Twentypercentoftheworkofthewholeyear____finishedbytheirgrouplastmonth.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wereD.was6.Aknifeandfork____onthetable.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeing7.Neitherhisparentsnorhiswife____anythingaboutit.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknownDDAB8.Fivedollars___toomuchforaticket.A.seemsB.seemC.seemtobeD.are9.Mostoftheapples____.wasrottenB.wererottenC.hasrottenD.haverotten10.Aboutonethirdoftheworkersinthatfactory____youngpeople.A.isB.hasbeenC.areD.havebeenABC11.Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudents____thechange.A.objecttoB.objectstoC.objectD.objects12.Everymeans___triedsincethen.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.areD.isAA13.Thispairoftrousers___mysister.A.isbelongtoB.arebelongC.belongtoD.belongsto14.Ourteam____defeatedbytheirslastSunday.wasB.hadbeenC.hasbeenD.havebeen15.Ourteam____takingshowerswhenthedoorwasknockedopen.A.wasB.areC.wereD.havebeenDAC16.TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor____askedtomakeaspeechatthe