初中现在完成时讲解与练习

have/has+过去分词Youhavejustcomebackfromyourhometown.Greatchangeshavetakenplacethereandmyhometownhasbecomemoreandmorebeautiful.Oh,shehasgonetothelibrary.Ihavebeen

toMountHuangwithmyparents.FindthesentenceswithPresentPerfectTenseinSectionA.Readthemaloud.现在完成时：现在完成时

have/has+过去分词

在以上两种用法中常跟already,not…yet,never,just,before,ever,recently,since,for等时间继续下去的状语。1)表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。Nowwehaveplantedallthetrees.Hehasjustcomeback.Theyhavebuiltmanybuildingsinthiscity.现在完成时的用法2)表示过去发生的动作,强调结果或对现在的影响。Someonehasbrokenthewindow.(窗户现在是坏的)Ihavealreadylostthekey.(我现在没有钥匙)Ihaven’treadthatbookyet.(不了解书的内容)Ihavejustcleanedmyhands.(手是干净的)常与already(已经),yet(已经),just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用.3)表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还会继续下去的动作或状态，常与包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。

ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.HehaslivedinBeijingsincehewasborn.HashelivedinShenzhenfor4years?过去分词的构成1.直接加-ed。如：play-played2.以字母e结尾的直接加d。如：name-named3.以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i加ed。如：carry-carried4.重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加-ed。如：stop-stopped现在完成时Presentperfect

句型1.肯定句“主语+have（has）＋过去分词”。注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。

.疑问句

have（has)+主语+过去分词（回答用“Yes，．．．have（has）．／“No，．．．haven’t（hasn’t）．”）.否定句：主语+“haven't（hasn't）＋过去分词”。

Ihaveeatenmylunch.Shehaseatenherlunch.Hehaseatenhislunch.肯定句Theyhaveeatentheirlunch.Ihavenot(haven’t)seenthefilm.Shehasnot(hasn’t)seenthefilm.现在完成时的否定形式：havenot(haven’t)+过去分词hasnot(hasn’t)+过去分词

Ihaven’teatensupper.eat-eatenHehasn’tchangedhisidea.change-changedMymotherhasn’e-come否定句I’vealreadyhaddinner.I________________dinner________.2.Hehasjustfinishedhishomework.He________________hishomework_________.3.Mum’scookedthedinner.Mum_______________thedinner.4.Susan’slearnedEnglishatschool.Susan________________Englishatschool.haven’thadyethasn’t

finishedyethasn’tcookedhasn’tlearned把下列句子改为否定句Haveyoueatenyourbreakfast?现在完成时的一般疑问句形式Have/has提前+过去分词

HaveyouknownSandyforalongtime?Yes,Ihave/No,Ihaven’t.know-knownHassheeatenanythingsince9:00a.m.Yes,shehas/No,shehasn’t.eat-eaten疑问句I’vealreadyhaddinner.

2.Hehasjustfinishedhishomework.

3.Mum’scookedthedinner.4.Susan’slearnedEnglishatschool.Haveyoualreadyhaddinner?Hashejustfinishedhishomework?Hasmumcookedthedinner?HasSusanlearnedEnglishatschool?把下列句子改为一般疑问句1.现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago等;2.不能与when连用MaryhaslivedinBeijingsince1990.3.短暂性动词的完成时态不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，当它需要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时，通常要进行词语的转化。延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换注意:瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.

瞬间动词joinbegin/startborrowfinish/endarrive/comeleavediebuy··········method1:

动作

状态diebeoverleaveborrow/buyarrivebeginend/finishjoinmarrykeep/hadbeawaybeherebeon(上演）bemarriedbeinbedead他的爷爷已经去世2年了。

Nick参军3年了.

他离开深圳好长时间了。这本书我已借了4个月了.Hisgrandpahasbeendeadfor2years.Nickhasbeeninthearmyfor3years.HehasbeenawayfromShenzhenforalongtime.Ihavekeptthebookfor4months.（for+表示一段时间的词组，since+表示过去某一时刻的词或词组）谓语只可用延续性动词.eg.---I’velivedherefor15years.eg.---I’velivedheresince15yearsago(1990)选用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.Hisfatherhasbeeninthefactory______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttimeforsinceforsinceforsincemethod2:

Itis+时间段

since+一般过去时的句子.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。

Nick参军3年了.

他离开深圳好长时间了。这本书我已借了4个月了.Itis

2years

sincehisgrandpadied.Itis

3years

sinceNick

joinedthearmy.Itis

alongtime

sinceheleftShenzhen.Itis

4months

sinceIborrowedthebook.TomarrivedinShanghaitwodaysago.TomhasbeeninShanghaifortwodays.ItistwodayssinceTomarrivedinShanghai.

since用来说明动作起始时间—“自从……”for用来说明动作延续时间长度—“长达……”

Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.

IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.

Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.

Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.比较since和for注意：并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时

Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.

(我现在已不在这里工作。)

Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.

(现在我仍在这里工作。)Hedied10yearsago.---Hehasbeendeadfor10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.---Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.---Hehashadthemotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.---Hehasbeenheresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedonthelight2hoursago.---Thelighthasbeenonfor2hours.延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化(keys)6.Helefthere2yearsago.---He____________fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.---Thefilm____________for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.---Thedoor____________foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.---Thedoor____________foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.---He________a____forayear.---He____________thearmyforayear.---It____ayear____hejoinedthearmy.6.Helefthere2yearsago.---Hehasbeenawayfromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.---Thefilmhasbeenonfor30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.---Thedoorhasbeenopenforanhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.---Thedoorhasbeenclosedforanhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.---Hehasbeenasoldierforayear.---Hehasbeeninthearmyforayear.---Itisayearsincehejoinedthearmy.

现在完成时与一般过去时的比较

1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.

（强调看的动作发生过了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.

（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）2）一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;

现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,…--具体的时间状语

现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,…--模糊的时间状语HehasgonetoShanghai.他(已经)去上海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾经)去过上海。比较have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetoHewenttoShanghailastweek.

他(曾经)到/去过上海

[在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了]他已经去上海了

[也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里]上周他[做了一件事:那就是]去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.HehasbeeninShanghaifor10years.他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了[现在还在上海没有离开呢]辨析这些句子由时态导致的含义上的差别动词填空：1._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.2.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_____he_____(see)it?He______itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_____you______(come)here?Once.HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseendidseesawhavecome4.I_______(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.5.She_______(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?Yes.How______she_______(go)there?She_______(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries______________(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen______(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.______youever_______(ride)ahorse?Never.9.He________(keep)thebooksincetwodaysago.haverea