高考英语《完形填空解题技巧》课件

高考英语完形填空解题技巧根据并列关系解答完形填空题根据语义复现解答完形填空题利用前后搭配解答完形填空题利用逻辑推理解答完形填空题高考英语完形填空解题技能实战演练【分1－4部分】.高考英语完形填空解题技能实战演练（1）根据并列关系解答完形填空题因果关系、类属关系相对关系等并列，就是指由and或or连接的并列成分同类关系[例1]Thesetellthestoryofamotherwhosebabygrows23

andpaleandhaschangedsomuchthatitisalmostunrecognizabletotheparents.23.A.sick B.slim C.short D.small因果关系[解析]

选项中只有ill才与pale有相关性(因果关系)，即因为“生病”，所以脸色才会“苍白”，故选A。[例2]EdgarAllanPoe,whoselifewasshortandseeminglyunhappy,wrotestoriesandpoemsofmysteryand

22

insanity(疯狂)anddeath.22.A.happiness B.science C.society D.terror同类关系[解析]因为只有terror(恐怖)才与mystery(神秘)、insanity(疯狂)和death(死亡)是表示同类意义的名词，而不可能是与“happiness(幸福)”“science(科学)”或“society(社会)”并列，故选D。[例3]EdgarAllanPoeisalsorememberedasthefatherofmoderndetectivefiction,storiesofaninvestigatorwhohastosolvemurdersandother

27

27.A.accidents B.crimes C.events D.incidents类属关系[解析]因为“murder(凶杀)”是各种“crimes(犯罪)”行为中的一种，所以与“murder(凶杀)”并列应是“其他各种犯罪行为”，故选B。[例4]WhenChristwasbornnearlytwothousand

years

ago,manypeople,richand_______,gavehimpresents.A.ill B.healthy C.poor D.tall相对关系[解析]因为由句意可知，应当是指“耶稣出生时，许多人，无论贫富，都给他礼物”，故选择与rich相对意义的poor，即选C。Nobelwasupsettofindoutnotthathehaddied,butthat,whenhistimewasup,hewouldbethoughtofonlyasonewhoprofitedfrom_____anddestruction.A.deathB.diseaseC.trouble D.attack1.A。与destruction(毁灭)并列应当是death(死亡)，故选A。即时练习2.Thepoverty(贫困)was

worsethananythingmyyoungcompanionshadeverimagined.Backinthehotel,anairofsadnesssettledoverthegroup.Many

________andcried.

gaveup

B.brokedown

C.setoff

D.heldon2.B。与cried(哭)并列应当是breakdown(情绪失控)，故选B。3.It’snoteasybeingateenager–norisiteasybeingtheparentofateenager.Youcanmakeyourchildfeelangry,hurt,or______bywhatyousaywithoutrealizingityourself.A.dismissed B.misunderstood C.misled D.satisfied3.B。与angry(生气)和hurt(伤害)意义相关的应当是misunderstood(误解)，故选B。4.…mymothersaidthatwemightsoonbeleavingforAmerica…Iwassayinggoodbyetomyfriendsandrelatives.WhenwewereleavingIthoughtaboutalltheplacesIwasgoingtosee---thestrangeand______placesIhadknownonlyfrombooksandpictures.A.unfrequented B.remote C.different D.magical4.D。与strange(陌生的)并列应当是magical(神奇的)，故选D。5.Whenstudentsandparentsareaskedtoratesubjectsaccordingtotheirimportance,theartsareunavoidablyatthebottomofthelist.Musicisnice,peopleseemtosay,butnotimportant…Thisviewisshortsighted.Infact,musiceducationis________andimportantforallstudents. A.beneficial B.available C.expensive D.powerful5.A。与important(重要的)并列，且符合语境的，应当是beneficial(有益的)，句意为：“音乐教育对所有学生来说，是有益的，也是重要的。”高考英语完形填空解题技能实战演练（2）根据语义复现解答完形填空题同词复现同义复现结构复现语义复现[例1]TalesofthesupernaturalarecommoninallpartsofBritain.Inparticular,therewas(andperhapsstillis)abeliefinfairies(仙女).Notallofthese21arethefriendly,people-lovingcharactersthatappearinDisneyfilms,and…A.babiesB.believersC.fairiesD.supermen一、同词复现[解析]前句说是人们“相信有仙女”，后句“并非所有这些_是友好的”，承前逻辑，空格处应填“仙女”了，故选C。[例2]Thereweremanywaystopreventthisfromhappening:hangingaknifeoverthebaby’sheadwhilehesleptorcoveringhimwithsomeofhisfather’sclotheswerejusttwooftherecommended27.A.casesB.toolsC.stepsD.methods二、同义复现[解析]前句说“避免这类的事发生有许多方法(ways)”，冒号后的解释，“在小孩睡觉时在其头上悬挂一把刀，或者用其父亲的裤子盖着他，就是其中值得推荐的两种________”，承前逻辑，自然是其中的两种“方法”，与ways同义的是methods，故选D。[例3]AlfredNobelbecameamillionaireandchangedthewaysofmining,construction,andwarfareastheinventorofdynamite(炸药).…“Dr.AlfredNobel,whobecame23byfindingwaystokillmorepeoplefasterthaneverbefore,diedyesterday.”A.famousB.sickC.richD.popular三、结构复现[解析]AlfredNobel引导定语从句的who指代的就是AlfredNobel，两句是相似的,且两句的后部分的内容各为“发明了炸药”与“找到了更快的杀人方式”，可以想象，两者的意义何等接近！可见，与“变成百万富翁”对应的应当是“变成富裕”，故选C。Wouldn’titbegreatifwedidn’thavetorememberpasswords（密码）everagain?Ifwecouldjustsitinfrontofourcomputersandbeautomaticallyloggedin（登录）?CravementionshowNECSoftBiodeLogonsystemusesfacerecognition（识别）technologytologyouontoWindows,ratherthanusinga_______.A.faceB.passwordC.softwareD.system即时练习前面说了“如果不必再记密码…”对此问的回答是“系统是如何用脸部识别技术来帮你登陆，而不是用________”。承前逻辑，此处应当是“而不是用密码”，故选B。2.Afterdoingalittleresearch,IfoundthistypeoftechnologyalreadyavailableinEnglishtoconsumersviaarelativelyinexpensiveapplicationcalledFaceCode.The______requirestheuseofawebcamtorecognizeandlogPCusersintotheirsystems.A.account B.consumer C.designer D.software答案为D。与application(应用软件)同义的是software，故选D。3.Grasslandsneedtimetorecoverwhencattleandotheranimalsfeedonthem.Movinganimalsfromonefieldtoanothercanprovidethe_______neededfornewgrowth.A.cattleB.timeC.spaceD.help3.B。前句“当牛或其他动物吃了牧草地上的草后，牧草地需要时间才可恢复”，本句“动物的迁徙就可以提供草生长所需要的________”，承前句逻辑，可知空格处填“时间”，故选B。4.On27February2008,somethingunusualhappenedinBritain;therewasaratherlargeearthquake.Itwasthe______UKearthquakein25years.A.biggest B.loudest C.deadliest D.scariest4.A。前句“2008年2月27日，英国发生了一件不寻常的事，一场非常大的地震”，本句“是25年来英国最________的地震”。承前逻辑，应当是“最大的”地震，故选A。5.Mostpeoplebelievetheydon’thavemuchimagination.Theyare

wrong.Everyonehas_______,butmostofus,oncewebecomeadults,forgethowto

makeuseofit.(原创)A.creativity B.memory C.imagination D.limitation5.C。前句说：“多数人认为他们自己没有想象力。他们的这种观点是错误的。”承前逻辑，“(事实上)每个人都有想象力，只是……”，故选C。6.Whenhearrivedathisfather’shouse,hewastoldthathisfatherhadbeeninhospitalforaweek.Hewasaboutto

leavefor(去；前往)the______whenhesaw…

A.city B.hospital

C.factory D.university6.B。前面说“当他回到父亲家时，初告知他父亲已住院一周了”，承前逻辑，他应是“去医院”，故选B。7.Onceadultsunderstandwhatchildrenarecommunicatingthroughtheirbehavior,theycanrespondbetter.Whenchildrenfeelrespectedandhavetheirneedsmet,thereisnolongerareasontousechallenging_______tocommunicate.A.action B.language C.gesture D.behavior7.D。前句说，“成年人一旦懂得小孩通过行为要表达的意思，就会作出更好的应对。”承前逻辑，本句应为“当孩感觉得到尊重和满足需求时，他们就不再用挑战性的行为来交流了”。故选D。利用前后搭配解答完形填空题高考英语完形填空解题技能实战演练（3）在解答完形填空时，充分考虑这些搭配关系，有助于我们作出正确选择。动词与介词的搭配动词与其宾语的搭配句式结构上的搭配和习语搭配等所谓前后搭配根据动词与其后介词的搭配关系来选择一个恰当的动词。[例1]OnApril12,1888,Alfred’sbrotherLudwigdiedofheartattack.AmajorFrenchnewspaper___hisbrotherforhimand…A.found B.misunderstood C.mistook D.judged一、动介搭配[解析]能与“AforB”搭配的在四个选项中只有选项C,mistakeXforY意为“误以为X是Y”,故选C。根据动词与其宾语是否可以搭配、在意义上是否符合逻辑或常识来确定选用哪个动词。[例2]Nobelarrangedinhiswilltogivethelargestpartofhismoneyto___theNobelPrizes,whichwouldbeawardedtopeoplewho…A.establishB.formC.developD.promote [解析]在不定式短语中，宾语是“诺贝尔奖”，动词该用哪一个？设立？形成？发展？促进？根据常识，能与“奖项”搭配的，在这四个选项中只有“设立”，故选A。二、动宾搭配根据句式或句型的搭配来确定填哪一个词。[例3]Thebooktellsusofusefulskillssuchashowtoputwhatyouhavelearnedintopicturesofyourmindto

yourmemorybetter.A.makeB.turnC.1etD.change三、句式搭配[解析]在四个选项中，能接“宾语+形容词作宾补”的只有选面A，makeyourmemorybetter意为“使你的记忆力变得更好”，故选A。

根据习惯用语的固定搭配来确定正确选项。[例4]Intellectualproperty(IP)(知识产权)isaproductofthemindthathascommercialvalue.Theconcept___backto1623whenthefirstpatentlawtoprotectIPrightswaspassed.A.holdsB.dates C.sets D.turns[解析]datebackto是惯用短语，意为“追溯到”，故选B。值得注意的是，解题时，不能一看到搭配就选答案，这样往往容易出错。因为有时单独看空格前后或单独看空格所在句，除正确答选项外，其他选项也可能与其前后构成搭配，这时，还需要根据上下文的意思和逻辑，同时也需要结合生活常识才能定夺。四、习语搭配[例5]NobelarrangedinhiswilltogivethelargestpartofhismoneytoestablishtheNobelPrizes,whichwouldbeawardedtopeoplewhomadegreat_______tothecausesofpeace,literature,andthesciences.A.additionsB.sacrificesC.changesD.contributions[解析]

四个选项都可构成习语搭配:makeadditionsto给……增加makesacrificesto对……做出牺牲makechangesto对……作修改makecontributionsto对……作贡献但根据句意和常识，奖项应当奖给那些为和平、文学和科学“作出贡献”的人，故选D。1.Dancecanbeart,ritual(仪式；礼制),orrecreation（娱乐）.Itgoesbeyondthefunctionalpurposesofthemovementusedinworkorathleticsinordertoexpressemotions,moods,orideas;tellastory;22religious,political,economic,orsocialneeds;…A.do B.have C.perform D.serve●即时练习●1.D。与宾语need搭配，表示“满足需要”，选项中只有动词serve，故选D。2.Itwasabeautifulletter,buttherewasnoway,exceptforthenameMichael,toidentifytheowner.MaybeifIcalledtheinformationcenter,theoperatorcouldfindaphonelistingfortheaddressontheenvelope.Actually,Itookgreat_____tofindbothHannahandMichael,whostillremainedsingle.A.painsB.risksC.actionsD.cautions2.A。因表示“煞费苦心做某事”是takegreatpainstodosth，故选A。另外，takeriskstodosth“冒险做某事”，takeactionstodosth“采取行动做某事”不合语境。3.Participatingworkplacesletemployees（员工；雇员）wearjeans（牛仔裤）onOctober5fora$5donation.“It’sarealwayforeveryonetofeellikethey’remakinga___,”saystheEmmy-winningactress.A.differenceB.decisionC.friendD.profit3.A。makeadifference意为“有影响，起作用”。根据上文：Hargitay发起一个为乳腺癌研究募款的项目，即通过上班穿牛仔裤的员工捐款5元钱。她认为这是一个让每个人感觉在起作用，出一份力的有效途径。4.Ifsomeoneelsewishestorepresenttheideaordevelopitfurther,he/shemustconsulttheoriginalartists,whowillnormallybe25financiallyforitsuse.A.rewarded B.praised C.awarded D.punished4.A。“rewardforsth./doingsth.”即“为（做）某事而报答”，“awardsb.sth./sth.tosb.”即“授予某人某物”，可知A项正确。5.OnApril12,1888,Alfred'sbrotherLudwigdiedofheartattack.AmajorFrenchnewspapermistookhisbrotherforhimandcarriedanarticle_______thedeathofAlfredNobel.“Themerchantofdeathisdead.”thearticleread.A.introducing B.announcing C.implying D.advertising5.B。由常识可知，报社应是“发布”消息；根据动宾关系，能与宾语“阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔死亡的消息”搭配的也应当是“发布”，而不是“介绍”“暗示”“给……做广告”，故选B，announce(giveinformationabout)。高考英语完形填空解题技能实战演练（4）利用逻辑推理解答完形填空题根据上文信息推理根据下文信息推理

运用逻辑推理根据上文信息推理[例1]OnApril12,1888,Alfred’sbrotherLudwigdiedofheartattack.AmajorFrenchnewspapermistookhisbrotherforhimand…“Dr.AlfredNobel,whobecamerichbyfindingwaystokillmorepeoplefasterthaneverbefore,diedyesterday.”Nobelwas___tofindoutnotthathehaddied,butthat,whenhistimewasup,hewouldbethoughtofonlyasonewhoprofitedfromdeathanddestruction.A.upset B.anxious C.excitedD.pleased[解析]前面讲报道中的两件事：一是报社误以为诺贝尔是他的兄弟死了，二是说他是靠发现更快的杀人方式发财。根据生活常识，作为诺贝尔本人，看到这篇报道，不可能感到“渴望(anxious)”“兴奋(excited)”或“高兴(pleased)”，而应当是“不高兴(upset)”，故选A。本句大意：诺贝尔感到不快，不是因为报社误解他死了，而是在他死后被认为是一个靠制造死亡和毁灭而赚钱的人。[例2]ItwasthenfearedthatthefairieshadcomeandstolenthebabyawayandreplacedthehumanbabywithafairyChangeling.Thereweremanywaystopreventthisfromhappening:hangingaknifeoverthebaby’sheadwhilehesleptorcoveringhimwithsomeofhisfather’sclotheswerejusttwooftherecommendedmethods.Howev