中考英语语法专项复习：被动语态-中考指导-初中英语【外研版】八年级下册教案说课稿试题真题

中考英语语法专项复习：被动语态英语动词有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，又叫施动者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，又叫受动者。区分主动语态和被动语态，主要看主语是执行者还是承受者。如：Theflowersandgrassshouldbewatered.(语态)Weshouldwatertheflowersandgrass.(_语态)♦一构成.被动语态是由“助动词be+过去分词”构成的，助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。Tombrokethecup.(主动语态)—ThecupwasbrokenbyTom.(被动语态).被动语态有以下8种：一般现在时：be(am/isare)+过去分词Treesareplantedinspring.一般过去时：be(was/were)+过去分词Thehousewasbuiltlastyear.现在进行时：be(am/isare)+being+过去分词Thecarisbeingrepaired.过去进行时：be(was/were)+being+过去分词现在完成时：have/has+been+过去分词Thelighthasbeenturnedoff.过去完成时：had+been+过去分词一般将来时：willbe+过去分词LeiFengwillberememberedbyusforever.含情态动词的：情态动词+be+过去分词Myhomeworkcanbefinishedintwohours..被动语态常用于以下场合：①不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时。如：Mybikewasstolenyesterday.我的自行车昨天被偷了。②强调动作的执行者时，使用“by+动作的执行者如：Thepenwasusedbymyfather.这支钢笔是我父亲用过的。X只有及物动词才有被动形式，不及物动词如rise/come/go/take/place/happen等，没有被动形式。♦二主动语态变被动语态的步骤通常遵循以下三个步骤：.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。.把主动语态的谓语动词变为与其时态相对应的被动形式，且与被动语态的主语保持人称和数的一致。.将主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，置于句末。“by+宾语”在句中常省略。主动语态：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.这里还需要连线！被动语态：English.isspokenbymanypeople.如：LuXunwrotethisbook.fThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.这本书是鲁迅写的。Peoplearecuttingdownmanytreesnow.—Manytreesarebeingcutdownnow.现在许多树正被砍伐。♦三主动语态和被动语态的转换.双宾语的被动形式双宾语的句子在变为被动语态时，有两种变法：①如果把指人的间接宾语变为主语，那么指物的直接宾语保留不动。如：Histeachergavehimabook.-*Hewasgivenabookbyhisteacher.Hehasboughtmeapresent.-*1havebeenboughtapresent.②如果要将指物的直接宾语变为主语，那么动词后要用介词t。/for,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定的。如：Histeachergavehimabook.—Abookwasgiventohimbyhisteacher.Hehasboughtmeapresent.-**Apresenthasbeenboughtforme.派常见的能接双宾语的动词有give/show/bring/lend/send等，这些词与介词to搭配；buy/make/draw,这些词与介词for搭配。.动词短语的被动语态许多不及物动词加上介词或副词后构成的短语动词相当于及物动词，是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时不能把短语动词分开，也不能漏掉短语动词中的介词或副词。如：Weshouldspeakeooldmenpolitely.->Oldmenshouldbespokentopolitely.Healwaystakescareofhissister.->Hissisterisalwaystakencareof(byhim).(3)Sheturnedofftheradio.一Theradiowaslurriedoff(byher)..省略的to动词不定式用于被动语态在主动语态中，一些表示感官或使役的动词，如hear/watch/see/feel/notice/listento/lookat/let/make/have和help等后面的宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式，但句子在变为被动语态后要加to。如：Hemadethegirlstayathome.-*Thegirlwasmadetostayathome.Weoftenhearhersingintheroom.fSheisoftenheardtosingintheroom.Thebossmadethemworkfor16hoursaday.->Theyweremadetoworkfor16hoursaday(bytheboss)..主动形式表被动意义①动词need,want以及短语be(well)worth等后面常接动名词，以主动形式表示被动意义。如：Theroomneedscleaning.这房子需要打扫。Thepieceofmusicisworthlisteningto.这首曲子值得听。②某些表示主语质地、自身特征的动词，如write/wash/sell/clean/cook等，常和副词well或easily连用，用主动形式表示被动意义。如：Theclothwasheseasily.这种布容易洗。Thepenwriteswell.这支笔很好用。练习一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空ManyTVsets(make)everyyearinthisfactory.Alltheexercisesmust(finish)beforeclassisover.ThePRC(found)onOctober1,1949.二、单项选择Englishbymanycountries,butChinesepeopleChinese.A.isspoken;speakB.isspoken;arespeakC.speaks;speakTheyanewschoolinthevillagenow.ItbeforeSeptemberthisyear.A.arebuilding;willbebuiltB.arebuilding;willbuildC.arcbuilding;willbuiltIfthesmalltrees,theywillgrowupquickly.A.aretakengoodcareofB.aretakengoodcareC.takegoodcareof-Wheredidyougolastnight?-ItoTom'sbirthdayparty.A.aminvitedB.wasinvitedC.invitedTheseshirtswell,becausetheynice.A.aresold;arelookedB.sell;lookC.sell;arelookedTheflowerseveryday,ortheylldie.A.shouldbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwaterDon'tworry,Yourson.A.mustbefindB.mustbefoundC.mustbefound-Yourdresslooksbeautiful.-Thankyou.Itbymymotherlastyear.A.madeB.ismadeC.wasmadeThewindowlastnight,soit.A.isiftclosed;wasbrokenB.didn'tclose;wasbrokenC.wasn'tclosed;wasbrokenMostsciencebooksinEnglish.A.arewrittenB.iswrittenC.wroteBobbyhisboss.A.wasmadetoworkB.wasmadeworkC.madetowork12.ThelittleboyJack.A.iscalledB.calledC.iscallingWaterintoice.A.canbeenchangedB.canbechangedC.canchange14.Whatlastnight?A.washappeningB.happenedC.washappened15.ThePartyin1921.A.isfoundB.wasfoundedC.wasfound答案：AAABBBCCCAAABBB三、按要求改写句子，每空一词。Shemadehersondohishomeworkaftersupper.（改为被动语态）Hersonhishomeworkaftersupper.Isthisgameoftenplayedbythemintheafternoon?（改为主动语态）oftenthisgameintheafternoon?Youcananswermyquestionafter