人教版高中英语必修第一册Unit4ReadingforWriting概要写作学案

PeriodIIIReadingforWriting.语言知识：sweep,strike,effect,过去分词（短语）作定语，as..as…原级比较结构，when的用法等。.语言技能：学会写概要。核心词汇Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,andcarsweresweptawaybyhugewavescausedbythestrongearthquakethatreachedamagnitudeof9.0.此次强烈地震的震级高达9.0级，引发的巨浪卷走了渔民、游客、酒店、住房以及汽车。教材P54sweepvt.&vi.（swept,swept）打扫；清扫；吹走；冲走；横扫；掠过；风行sweepthedirtintoadustpan将灰尘扫入簸箕“Redenvelope^^feverhassweptthecountry."红包”的热潮已席卷全国。Searchlightsaresweepinginthenightsky.探照灯正在夜空中扫来扫去。常用搭配sweepup打扫；清扫sweepaway消灭；摧毁；彻底消除sweepover/across/around扫视；掠过sweepthrough扫过；掠过；风行Janewassweepingupthebitsofpaperandbrokenglass.简正在清扫纸屑和碎玻璃。Alldoubtshadlongsincebeensweptaway.一切怀疑早已完全消除。Ninety-mileperhourwindssweptacrosstheplains.时速90英里的强风横扫平原。联想词sweepern.清洁工；清扫机aroadsweeper马路清洁工acarpetsweeper地毯清洁器牛刀小试1翻译句子，体会sweep的一词多义。.Araresnowstormsweptacrosstheregionyesterday..Hiseyessweptaroundtheroom..Thewindsweptthedeadleavesaway..Thenewdancecrazesweptthroughtheteenagepopulation..Aplanesweptoverourheads..Asuddenfeelingofnostalgiasweptallmyangeraway.2.Theunderseaquakestruckaround7:00a.m.,SundayoffthewestcoastofIndonesia'sSumatraIsland.该海底地震于星期日上午7点左右在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛的西海岸附近海域爆发。教材P54strike（struck,struck/stricken）①vi.&vt.突然发生（某种不幸）；（灾难、疾病等）侵袭ApowerfulearthquakestrucktheItalianislandofSicilyearlythismoming.今天凌晨意大利西西里岛发生了强地震。常用搭配bestruckby...被侵袭However,manybuildingsinthoseareassufferedwinddamageorwerestruckbyfallingtreesduringthehurricane.那些地区的许多建筑物在飓风刮过时不是遭受风的破坏就是被倒下的树木压坏了。②vt.碰撞；撞击Thechildranintotheroadandwasstruckbyacar.孩子跑到公路上给车撞了。③vi.&vt.攻击；突然袭击Our(roopstrucktheenemycampatdawn.我军在黎明向敌军营地发起了进攻。常用搭配strikeat...朝打去strikeback回击；反击Itstrikesattheeagle'seye,andthendartsawaybeforetheeaglecancatchit.它啄老鹰的眼睛，然后在老鹰抓到它之前迅速跑掉。Sowewillnotonlydefendourselvesincyberspace,butalsostrikebackinkindwhenweareattacked.所以我们不仅要在网络空间进行自我防御，还要在受到攻击时以牙还牙。④vt.(使)突然想起；(使)突然想到Ifanygoodideastrikesyou,pleaseletmeknowitintime.如果你突然想到好主意,请及时告诉我。常见用法Itstrikessbthat....=Itoccurstosbthat...=Ithitssbthat...某人突然想起HalfwaythroughtheintroductionitstruckmcthatIcouldn'tnameasingleKeatspocm.引言读到一半时，我突然发现济慈的诗自己一首也说不出来。⑤vi.&n.罢工Inmanycountries,thepoliceareforbiddentostrike.很多国家是禁止警察罢工的。常用搭配beonstrike在罢工goonstrike举行罢工联想词strikern.前锋牛刀小试2一、翻译句子,体会strike的一词多义。Hestruckthenailwithahammer.Thekillermightstrikeagain.Agoodideasuddenlystruckme.Theyarestrikingforhigherpay.二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thctowerofthechurch(strike)bylightninglastnight.Theelectricityworkershavebeenstrikeforseveralweeks.Hefell,(strike)hisheadonthetable.三、根据汉语意思完成句子。.这个地区过去风沙猖獗。Theareausedtoragingsandstorms..她突然意识到失去公司或许是她最不用担心的一件事。losingthecompanymightbetheleastofherworries..空中交通管制员威胁要举行罢工。Airtrafficcontrollersarethreateningto..Whatarethepossibleeffectsofthedisaster?灾难可能带来的影响是什么？教材P57effectn.影响；结果；效果，效应；作用Oneoftheeffectsofthisillnessisthatyoumayloseyourhair.这种病的影响之一是可能会脱发。It'snottosaythemoresportstheydojhebetter.Unscientificexercisemayhaveoppositeeffects.并不是说他们做的运动越多越好。不科学的运动可能会产生相反的效果。Itseffectontheenvironmentisamajorconcern.它对环境的影响是人们主要担心的事。常用搭配havean/no/much/littleeffecton…对有/没有/有很大/几乎没有影响causeandeffect因果(关系)sideeffect(s)(药物等的)副作用takeeffect开始起作用；见效takeeffect/cometoeffect生效；开始实施Bestofall,humorraisesyourenergy,and(hatcanhaveaneffectoneverythingyoudoatschool,atwork,orinyourpersonallife.更重要的是，幽默能够增强活力，同时对你在学校、工作甚至是个人生活中的表现产生影响。Theriseofanationdoesnothappenbychance;youcan'tignoretherulesofcauseandeffect.一个国家的崛起不是偶然的；你不能无视因果定律。UndertheUNESCOConstitution,theUSwithdrawaltookeffecton31December,2018.根据“联合国教科文组织章程”，美国于2018年12月31日正式退出该组织。Newcontrolscomeintoeffectnextmonth.下月开始实施新的管制措施。《牛津高阶》联想词①effectiveadj.有效的；实际的②ineffectiveadj.无效的③effectivelyado.有效地；实际上易混词affectt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动Howmuchdoyourkindergartenteachersandclassmatesaffecttherestofyourlife?你幼儿园的老师和同学对你的余生有多大影响？牛刀小试3一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词度括号内单词的正确形式。Whac(heteachersaysanddoesalwayshasagreateffecthisstudents.ThelawwillcomeeffectatthestartofOctober.Thistrendhashadsomeunintendedside(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease.Theyhavereducedpollutionthrough(effect)measures.5.1can'tbalanceworkandhomeduties(effect).二、翻译句子。.母亲的行为对成长中的孩子有深远的影响。(haveaneffecton).交通法要到年底才生效。(takeeffect/comeintoeffect).她的意见不会影响我的决定。(affect).Everythinghasitscauseandeffectdonotblamebadluck.句型探究.Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,andcarsweresweptawaybyhugewavescausedbythestrongearthquakethatreachedamagnitudeof9.0.【句意】此次强烈地震的震级高达9.0级，引发的巨浪卷走了渔民、游客、酒店、住房以及汽车。教材P54知识拓展过去分词(短语)作定语过去分词(短语)作定语有前置和后置两种情况。(1)前置定语单个的过去分词，往往是及物动词的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前，表示被动和完成意义；不及物动词的过去分词一般作前置定语，不表被动，只表完成。①表示被动意义anhonouredguest一位受尊敬的客人Theinjuredworkersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.受伤的工人正在医院里被悉心照料。②表示完成意义aretiredteacher一位退休的教师Theyarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。(2)后置定语过去分词(短语)作后置定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten(=thathaseverbeenwritten).这将是这类小说中写得最好的一本。Whoweretheso-calledguestsinvited(=whohadbeeninvited)toyourpartylastnight?昨晚受邀参加你的聚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？牛刀小试1一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。I.Thestudent(absorb)inlhegamesonthephonedidn'tnoticehisteacherbehindhim..Therewasasuddenburstoflight(follow)byaterriblenoise.二、翻译句子。.这座1990年建的楼是我们的图书馆。.这是冰心写的一本书。.一Indianofficialssaidasmanyas1900hadbeenkilledalongthesoutherncoast.【句意】印度官员称，印度南部沿海地区多达1,900人遇难。教材P54知识拓展:as…as…原级比较结构①基本用法：as+adj./adv.+as…和一样，Hishandwritingisasbeautifulasmine.他的书写和我的一样好。IcanspeakEnglishasfluentlyasanativespeaker.我英语讲得和母语是英语的人一样流利。②否定形式：notas/so+adj./ado.+as表示前者不如后者Iamnotas/sobusyasIusedtobe.我没有过去那么忙了。③加名词时：as+adj.+(a/an+)n.+asWehaveproducedasmanycarsaswedidlastyea匚我们生产的汽车和去年一样多。Themobilephoneisasusefulatoolasthecomputer.手机是和电脑一样有用的工具。3.1washavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.【句意】我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐，突然海水开始涌进我家。教材P54知识拓展when的用法bedoing.when..意为“正在做这时(突然)“，该句型中when不可以换成while»when引导的从句多为一般过去时。其他相关句型有：beonthepointofdoingsthwhen…正准备做某事，这时(突然)beabouttodosthwhen...正准备做某事，这时（突然）had（just）donesthwhen…刚做完某事，这时（突然）Shewasonthepointofgoingoutwhenthetelephonerang.她正要出去，这时电话铃响了。Hewasabouttolightupacigarettewhenhiswifecamein.他正准备点烟，这时候他的妻子进来了。WewerejustabouttoleavewhenJerryarrived.我们正要离开的时候，杰里来了。Hehadjustfinishedwritingareportwhenthebosslethimtypealetter.他刚写完一篇报告,老板就让他录入一封信。Wehadjustarrivedhomewhentherainpoureddown.我们刚到家，这时候下起了倾盆大雨。牛刀小试2根据汉语意思完成句子。.他篮球打得和我一样好。Heplaysbaskelballasasme..他的建议不如我的有价值。Hissuggestionisnotvaluableasmine..人们普遍认为，教学既是一门科学，也是一门艺术。Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingisasmuchartasitisascience.概要写作概要写作是对阅读理解和写作的综合考查，需要学生在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文中心、体裁和结构的前提下，用精简的语句高度概括文章的主要内容和观点。考试中的概要写作一般提供350词左右的短文，以说明文和议论文为主，要求学生根据短文写出一篇60词左右的概要。.写作步骤（1）仔细阅读并理解文章大意；⑵从宏观角度抓住主题句，忽略次要信息；⑶运用自己的语言高度概括文章，形成全文的概要。.写作中语言表达的注意事项（I）要准确运用词汇和语法结构：巧妙运用英语中常用的高分表达，如定语从句、强调句、非谓语动词等。⑵有效使用逻辑关系词，保证上下文的连贯性。常见的逻辑词有：并列关系：and.or,also,too,aswell（也），both...and...,either...or...（或者或者）等递进关系:what'smore（而且）,besides（除此以外），inaddition（此夕卜），furthermore/morcover（M者），notonly...butalso...（不但而且）等转折关系：but,however,though等先后顺序关系：first,second,firstofall,tobeginwith,finally,lastbutnotleast等因果关系：because,becauseof,owingto（因为）,dueto（由于）,asaresultof（由于），therefore,consequently（结果）,asaresult（结果），thus/thcrcfore（所以）等归纳总结：onthewhole（总体来说）,inaword/inconclusion/insummary/inshorl（总之）等.（3）保证语言表达的独立性，学会通过同义转换、句子重构等方法用自己的语言概括原文的主题句。例如：•atsunamithatcrashedintocoastlinesacrossAsia中crashedinto可以换成hit•governmentofficialssaid中said可以换成described/staled•Thousandsofpeoplearestillmissing中missing可以换成lost•thenumberofdeathsisexpectedtogrowevenhigher中isexpected可以换成ispredicted•killingmorethan6,500people可以改写成withmorethan6,500peoplekilled•However,dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies.可以改写成However,itisdifficulttodeliverfoodandsuppliesbecauseofVowingto/duetodangcrousconditionsanddamagedroads.模拟蔺练,阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Speedisveryimportantinavalanche（雪崩）rescues.Therewillbenarrowchancestoescapeifaskierisburiedfor30minutesormore.Nowthat30minutescanmeanthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforaskierlostonasnowymountain,mostpeoplewoulddependonlife-savingdogs.Nobleworksasarescueteammemberinavacationland.California.Hetellsus,"Dogsrunfastestwhenanaccidenthappens."HispartnerWylee,alife-savingdog,cansearchanaccidentscenethesizeofafootballfield.Itonlyneeds5to10minutes.However,5rescueteammembershavetospendacoupleofhoursinthesamearea.Apartfromitsexcellentspeed.NoblechoosesWyleeashispartnerpartlybecauseitweighsonlyabouthalfwhatotherkindsofdogsweigh.Rescueteammembershavetocarryihcirdogstosearchsitesinadditiontocarrying60.poundbackpackswithfood.waterandotherequipment.Thedogsneedtheliftsothattheydon'tgettiredbeforetheystartworking.Therearen'tadequatedataonhowoftendogstakepartinavalanchesearchesorhowoftentheyareabletohelplocalpeopleindanger.Butthedogsdon'tsavemanypeople.That'sbecausetherearen'tmanytosave.Aquarterofpeopleindangerdiefromseriousinjuriesbeforethesnowstopsmoving.Ofthoseburiedwhoaren'tkilledbyinjuries,halfdiewithin20minutes.Ifthereisachanceofrescue,though,thedogsalsocutsearchtimefortheremains.EricaMueller,afamousdirector,wantedtoseehowthelife-savingdogsworked,soshevolunteeredtospendpartofanhourinaroomysnowcavewaitingtobefound.Shewasarmedwitharadioandwaswearingseverallayerstostaywarm.AfterbeingrescuedbyWylee,shesaid,"Ican'ttalklikeasurvivor,butitwasdefinitelyacoolwaytoseehowwelltrainedthosedogsare."PeriodIDReadingforWriting核心词汇牛刀小试1.昨天一场罕见的暴风雪袭击了该地区。.他把房间扫视了一遍。.风把枯叶刮走了。.新一轮的舞蹈热在青少年中风靡起来。.一架飞机从我们的头顶飞过。.突然的一阵怀旧情绪将我的怒气一扫而光。.凉爽的风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来。牛刀小试2一、1.他用锤子敲打着钉子。.杀手可能会再次突袭。.我突然想到了一个好主意。.他们正在为更高的工资而罢工。wasstruck句意为:昨晚,教堂的塔被闪电击中了。根据bylightning可知，应用被动语态。2.on句意为：电工们几周来一直在罢工。beonstrike为固定搭配，意为“在罢工”。句意为：他摔倒了，头撞到了桌子上。Hefell是一个完整的主谓结构，且逗号前后没有连词，所以此处用非谓语动词。3.striking因为动词strike与逻辑主语He之间为主动关系，故填striking。三、1.bestruckby土天系，故填striking。2.1ts