2023年美国文学题库部分

一、记住下面词条（单选题和填空题)１.Asｃienｔistwｉｔhloｔsｏｆinｖeｎtionsaｎdafamousexpｅｒiｍeｎｔ(kite,elｅctriｃiｔy,tｈｕｎderｓtoｒm).Ｆranklindidａｌotoｆfamoｕsexperimentsaｎdｉnventedmａnｙthｉｎgssｕchａsvoｌunteerfiｒeｄeｐａrtmeｎts,efｆeｃtｉvesｔreeｔlｉghting,bifocａｌglasｓes，ｅfｆicｉｅｎtheaｔingdｅｖices，liｇhｔnｉng-ｒｏd（避雷针)andｓｏon２.Ｔｙpicallｉｔeraryｆorｍsofrｏmaｎｔiｃｉsｍｉnｃluｄeｂaｌlad,lyriｃｓ，ｓeｎｔimentaｌcomeｄｙ,noｖelｓ,gothiｃｒｏmance，ｓonnet，andcrｉｔicaｌessays.3.Reacheｄiｔｓpｅaｋwiththeａpｐｅａｒaｎceoｆthｅmajoｒauthorsofthe19thcｅntuｒysuｃhａsＥdｇａrＡｌlenPoｅ,WaltWhitmａnａndＥｍilyＤickinｓｏninｐoeｔｒy,andNathanielHａwtｈorｎeanｄHeｒｍaｎＭeｌvilｌeiｎficｔion.4．ＪａｍesFeｎｉmoreCｏoperdeveｌopｅdthreekinｄｓofnoｖelｓ．ThｅｆirstkiｎｄisａboｕttｈerevolｕｔｉｏnaｒypasｔｓucｈasThｅSpy．TheseｃondｋｉｎｄistheseaｎovｅlssuｃhastｈePilｏt.TheｔhirｄkｉnｄisabouｔtｈeAmericanfrontier.ﻫ５.NathａnｉaｌＨawtｈornｅ’sｗｏrkｓbeloｎgtodarkｒomanｔiciｓm，caｕtionarytａleｓｔｈatsuggestthatguｉlt，sin，ａndｅｖilareｔhｅmosｔiｎherentnａturalｑｕalｉtiesｏｆhumａｎitｙ.ManｙofhiswｏrkｓareinｓpirｅdbyPuｒiｔanNewEｎｇlandcｏmbinｉnghistoriｃalｒｏmanceloadeｄwithsymｂoｌismanｄdeeppsychologicalｔhｅmeｓ,bordｅｒingoｎsurrｅaliｓｍ.6.“ＴheAmeriｃａnSｃhｏlar”ｈａsbeencａllｅdAmerｉca’sDecｌaｒationofIｎtelｌectuaｌIｎdepeｎdｅncebecａusehｅcalledonAmerｉcanwｒｉｔｅｒstowrｉteaboｕtＡｍerｉｃainanAmeｒicanｗａyiｎsteａdｏｆimｉtａｔiｎgthiｎgsforeｉgｎ.7．Ｔｈｏｒeauｈasfａｉtｈｉｎtｈeinnerｖiｒtueａndinｗard,sｐiritualｇracｅofｍaｎ；Thｏrｅａuwaｓｃriticalｏfmoｄｅrncｉｖilｉｚaｔion;Manshoｕldlivｅaｓｉｍpleｌife;anｄhebelievediｎｔhｅrｅgeneｒaｔion改过自新ofman．ＷaｌｄeneｘhibitsThｏrｅau’sｔrustinthｅfutｕreandｈisbeliefiｎａnｅwｇeｎeraｔiｏnofmen.８.Thoughhismoｓtfamousnoveliｓｃｒｉtｉｃiｚｅdforbｅｉnｇracｉst,MarｋTｗaiｎnevｅｒeｘpｅcteｄnｏrintendｅdthｅcｏｎｔroversｙtｈatａroseｗｉthtｈepublicａtioｎｏfＨuｃklebｅrryFinn.MaｒkTwａinwaｓnotraｃisｔ，bｕtdｅpictｅdlifeinhistiｍes.9.Natｕraｌisticwｒiteｒswｒitedetaileddesｃrｉpｔiｏｎsｏｆthｅｌｉveｓｏfｔｈelｏｗeｒclass.Ｔheyａrｅinteresｔediｎfinｄingoｕｔhｏｗｍenandwｏmeｎarｅoverｗｈeｌｍｅｄbｙtheｆoｒcesofeｎvironmeｎtanｄbｙｔhefｏrｃesoｆheredity．

１0.InSiｓterCarriｅ,Drｅiserexpresseｄhｉsnaturaｌiｓtｉcpursｕｉｔｂｙeｘｐｏundiｎgtheｐurｐoｓｅlessnessofｌifeａndimpotence(无能为力)oｆｍeｎ.11.MａtiｎEdenｔeｌｌshowtheprｏtagoniｓtｃhａngesfromatoileｒtoａbest-ｓeｌｌinｇauthor.Whenｈeｆａｉlｓtoｒesolvethｅｉnnercoｎfliｃtbetweenhisdｅsireｆｏrmａrriageaｎdhisrｅsiｓtaｎｃｅtocoｍｐrｏmiseiｎaclass-oｐpreｓsedsoｃietｙ,ｈｅfinａlｌydrｏwnshimsｅlf.LonｄononcetolｄＵｐtoｎSincｌairthatｈewrｏｔethiｓｎｏvelas“ａnａttackonindiviｄualism.”1２.ＴheLoｓtGｅｎeｒationisaｔermａpplｉｅdｔothedisｉllusionedintelｌecｔualsofｔheyearｓfｏllowｉｎgthｅＦirｓｔWｏrlｄWar，ｗhorebeｌlｅdagainstformeｒidealsandvａｌuｅs,bｕtcoulｄrepｌacetｈemonlybydespairｏracｙｎicａlhｅdoｎｉsｍ享乐主义.13．ＳｔreamofＣoｎscｉousｎessisａｌiｔｅrａryｔｅｃｈｎiqｕｅiｎwhｉchaｃharaｃter'sthoｕｇhtsareｐreseｎｔｅdｉntｈeｃｏｎfusiｎg,ｊumbled,andiｎconsｅquentialmanneｒofrealliｆewｉtｈoutanyclarifｉcaｔionbythｅauｔhor.Iｔ＇ｓｂｅstknownwritersaｒeMarcｅlProuｓt,VirginiaWooｌｆ，andJamｅsJoyｃｅ.14.ＴｈomasStｅrnｓEliotwoｎthｅNｏbｅlPrizeforLitｅratｕrein1946.Hiｓｍastｅrpiｅｃe,“TheWaｓteLand”rｅvealsthｅspiritｕalｃriｓｉｓｏfPｏstWaｒＥuｒope,andiscｏnsｉｄeredtｈemanifestoｏfｔhe“LostGeｎeraｔioｎ”.15.EmiｌyDｉckiｎsｏｎwrｏtenearｌy1８０0poemsandｏnｌysｅvenｏfthemweｒｅpublisheddｕringherlifeｔime.Deaｔｈwａｓoneofｔheｇrｅatthemeｓoｆherworkandsheｓeldomloｓtsigｈtｏfｔｈegｒave.16.InWaltWhｉtmａn’sｍaｓterpｉeceLeavｅsofＧrａss,heｐｒaｉsedｔheidｅａsofequalｉｔyanｄdemocｒａcｙandcｅleｂratedthediｇniｔy,theselｆ-rｅliantspｉritandtｈejｏyoｆtheｃｏmmｏnman.“SoｎgofＭyｓelf”isＷｈｉtmａｎ’sｖｅryfamｏusworks.Wｈitmaｎwaｓｔhefirsttoｅxplorefulｌyｔhepossibｉlitｉesoffreｅvｅrsｅ.17.HarlｅmＲeｎａissanｃeｉｓateｒmtodeｓcribeｔheｒeviｖalofthｅliteraryandaｒtiｓtｉｃａｃhｉeveｍeｎtinthｅ１９20sｂyAｆｒo-Ａｍｅrｉcanwｒiｔｅrs.ThewriｔerｓwhowｅrｅasｓocｉatedwithHarlｅmＲeｎａissａnｃｅinｃluｄｅLangstonHuｇhes,ClaｕdeMｃKay,SterlｉnｇＢrowｎ，ＪesｓieFauset,WallacｅTｈurman，JamesWｅldｏnJohnｓon,aｎdMarｃusGarｖey.18.Metaphｏrisafigureofsｐeｅchiｎwhiｃｈawoｒｄoｒphrａseｔｈaｔorｄinarilydｅsiｇnaｔeｓonethingｉsuｓeｄtodesｉgnateａnoｔher,ｔhusmakiｎｇaniｍplｉcitcomparison.

１９.Iｎｔheearｌyｐartｏfｔｈe1９thｃenｔuｒy,NewYorkＣiｔywaｓtｈecenteｒoｆAｍｅricａnwｒiting.Itswｒiｔersweｒeｃalｌｅd：Knｉckｅｒｂocｋers”andthepｅrｉodfrom181０to１840iscａｌｌeｄthe“ＫniｃｋerｂoｃｋeｒsEra”oｆtｈeＡｍeｒiｃanlｉtｅrａｔuｒe.２0.WashｉngｔonＩｒｖingwａsbｏrninNeｗYorkCiｔyｉnａwealｔｈyfamilｙ．Fromaveryeaｒlyageｈｅbeｇanｔoreaｄwideｌyaｎdwriteｊuveniｌｅpoems,ｅssａｙs,ａndpｌａｙs．WiｔhｔhepublicatiｏnｏｆTheSｋｅtｃhBook,heｗonaｍeａsurｅoｆinｔernatiｏnａlfameoｎbｏthｓiｄｅsoftheAｔｌａntic.21.EmerｓonrejeｃtedｂotｈtheformａlｒｅligioｎoｆtｈechurchesandtheDeiｓｔｉｃphilosｏphy;instｅaｄhebaseｄｈiｓreligiononanintuｉtｉvebelｉefinａnｕｌtimatｅｕnity,whichｈeｃａlleｄthe"ｏveｒ-ｓｏuｌ．＂2２．Hawthorne'sｌitｅｒarywｏrldｉｓamｏsｔdisturbed,tormeｎtｅｄandpｒｏbleｍａticａloneｍostlｙbeｃauseｏｆｈis"black"ｖisiｏｎoｆｌｉfeａndhuｍａnbｅinｇs．ＨerｅjｅcｔedtheTraｎscｅｎdｅｎｔaｌisｔs'tｒansparｅntｏptiｍisｍaboutthepotenｔialｉtiesｏfｈumannatｕrｅ.Ｉnstｅaｄｈｅloｏkedｍoreｄｅｅｐlyａｎdｐerｈapsｍorehonｅstlｙintolｉfe，ｆindingｉnitmuｃｈsuffeｒinｇaｎdｃｏnflictｂuｔaｌsｏｆindｉngｔheredｅemingpoweroｆlove．2３.Hａwtｈoｒnｅisaｍａsterｏfsymbolisｍ,whichｈetooｋfromthePuritantraditiｏnandbequeathｅdｔｏAmｅricanliｔeｒatuｒeinarevｉvifieｄform．Thｅｓｙmbo1ｃａnｂefoundeｖeryｗｈeｒeinhｉsｗriｔiｎg,andhiｓｍasterpｉeceprovｉdestheｍoｓtconclusｉveproof．２4.Melｖille'swrｉtｉngscａnbeweｌldｉvidedintｏtwｏgroｕps,eachwithsoｍｅｔhｉngincｏmｍｏninthｅｌｉｇhtofthｅthematicｃｏnｃeｒnandｉmaginativｅfoｃus.Mｏｂｙ-diｃkisreｇardedasｔｈeGreatAmericanNovel,tｈｅｆirstAｍeｒiｃanｐｒｏseepic（alongnａrrａtｉveｐoemteｌｌinｇofｈeroiｃdｅｅｄｓｏfｒeflectｉnｇthｅｖaluesoｆthesoｃiｅｔyfｒomｗｈｉcｈitｏrｉｇiｎateｄ),tｈoｕghitiｓprｅsentedｉnｔhefoｒmofanｏvｅｌ.25.Ｏ．HenrywasaprｏｌiｆicＡmeｒicanshｏｒt-stoｒｙwritｅr,amａsｔerofsurpriｓｅendingｓ,whowｒoteabｏuｔｔｈelifeofoｒｄinarｙpeoｐleinNewYｏｒkＣitｙ．Ａtｗiｓｔoｆｐlｏt,whichtuｒnsonanｉｒonｉcｏｒcoiｎｃidｅntaｌciｒcumstanｃe，isｔｙpicaｌofO．Ｈenry'ｓstories.26.HenryJaｍｅs(1843-1916),Amｅricaｎ-bornｗriter,ｇiｆteｄwｉthtalentsinlitｅrａtuｒｅ,psychologｙ,anｄｐhilosophy.Jaｍｅｓwｒotｅ20ｎovelｓ,112sｔories,1２playｓandａｎumberofworksｏｆliterａｒycritｉcｉsｍ.Hewaｓｄeeplyｉnterestedinｔhｅcontrastbｅtｗｅenｔheoｌdｗorlｄａnｄthｅnewone.27.AltｈoughJackLondｏnｗａsaｓociａlist,heinvestedthesｅｍi-auｔobiｏgraphｉcalcｈａｒacterofMartｉnEdｅnwithaｓtrｏｎgdoseｏfiｎdividuaｌiｓm.Hedｅsｃribedｔhenｏveｌasapａrabｌeofaｍanｗhohａｄtodie＂notbecauｓeofhislaｃkoffａithinＧｏd,ｂuｔbecａｕsｅofhｉslaｃkoffaｉｔhinmｅn.＂2８.AｌthoughDicksｏn’spoemｓwereｃalｌｅdｄｏｇgereｌsanｄnurｓeｒｙrhymes,shｅwasrｅｄｉｓcovｅredandbｒoｕghttｏlightinthe2０thcentｕry.Ａlltｈechａracteristicsofherｐｏｅｔrｙfoundtheｉrwayintothepoｅmsoｆsomｅmodｅrｎpｏｅｔs．ＳhesｔｏｏｄasoｎeofthegrｅatestｌyriｃｐoetｓoｆＡmeｒicａ．29．MaｒkTwａin'sworkｓsuｍupｔｈetｒaditionofＷesｔｅrｎhumorａnｄfrontierrｅaｌiｓm.Hｅwritesａbｏuthｉspeｏpｌｅandhisownlifｅ．Hｅloｖestｈemandａｔｔhesamｅtimｅｄeｐictstｈｅdarksideoftheｓocｉｅtybitterly．3０.Hｅｍｉnｇwaysays,“AlｌmｏdeｒnAmｅricaｎliteratuｒｅcｏｍesｆｒomonｅｂｏｏkｂyMａrkＴwａincａlleｄHuckleberryFiｎn.”Ｉt'sthebｅstbookwe＇vehad.Ｔheｒewａsnｏｔhｉngbefｏre．＇Ｔheｒｅｈasbｅennothingｓogoodｓｉnce.＂31.EｚraPoundｓtressedclarity，ｐrecision,andeｃoｎｏｍｙoflanｇuaｇe，andfoｒegoinｇ(earlier)ｔraditｉoｎalrｈyｍeandｍetｅrinorｄｅrtoｃoｍposeｉｎthesequenceoftｈeｍｕｓicalphraｓe.3２.ＲobinsonｗasborninHｅaｄTｉde,ｂuthｉsfamｉlymoveｄtｏHYPERLINＫ",＿Mａiｎe＂\o"Gaｒdｉner,Maine"Garｄiner,Mａinein18７0.HedeｓcribｅdhischｉldhoｏdinMａｉneas"sｔarkａndｕｎhapｐy.＂ＨYPERLＩNK""＼l＂cite_nｏｔe-０#cite_nｏte－0"\ｏ""[1]ＨｉsfaｍｉlyalsohaｄprobleｍswithHYPＥＲＬINK""\ｏ"Ａｌcohol＂aｌcoholandhisbrotherHerｍandiedinｐａrtduetothat.Ｈisｅarlydｉfficultｉｅslｅｄｍanyofhiｓｐoemｓｔｏhaveａdarkpｅssiｍismandhiｓｓｔｏｒｉｅsｔodealwith"anＡmericandｒeaｍgｏneａｗａy."3３.ＲｏbertＦｒostisoneofthemｏstpoｐular2０ｔｈCenturyAmeriｃanPoｅｔs，afour－timｅwinneroftｈｅPulitｚｅrＰrｉzｅ.Hiｓadoptstraditiｏnａlvｅrｓeｆorms,ｐlaｉnlanguaｇｅaｎdｅverｙdａyspｅechtｏeｘｐloreｔhｅｃomplexityoｆｈｕmanexistenｃetｈroughtreatingseeｍｉｎgｌytriviａlsｕbｊｅcts.34．SaｎｄｂurgiｓalsorｅmemｂeredｂygeｎerationsofｃhｉldreｎforhisHYPERLＩNＫ"＂\o"RooｔabaｇaＳtorieｓ"RoｏtaｂagａStoriesaｎdRｏｏtaｂagａＰigeｏns,ａsｅrieｓofwhimsical，sｏmｅtｉmeｓmｅｌａncｈolystoriｅsｈｅoｒｉgｉｎallｙcrｅａteｄfｏrhisowｎdaughterｓ.３5.Stｅveｎsisararｅexampleofａｐoeｔwhosｅmainｏutputcameatafａiｒlｙａｄvancedage.speｎtｍostofhisadulｔlifｅｗorkｉnｇｆｏｒaninsurancecｏmpanyiｎHYPＥＲLINK""\o＂Ｃonｎｅcticut＂Conｎｅcticut.Hisbｅst-kｎowｎpoemsｉnclude"HYPERLＩNK＂"\o"AnecｄｏteoftｈｅJaｒ"AnecｄoteoftheJar，"＂HYPＥRＬINK""\ｏ＂ThｅEmpeｒoｒofIｃｅCream"TｈeEmpeｒorofIceCream,"＂ＨYPＥＲＬＩNK""\o＂ＴｈeIｄeaofOrdeｒatKeyWest"ＴheIdeaｏfＯｒderatKｅyWest,""HYPERLINK＂(ｐoem）"＼o"ＳunｄayMorｎing（ｐｏem)＂SｕｎdａyMorning,"ａnd＂HYPERLＩNＫ＂"＼ｏ"TｈｉrteeｎＷａｙsofLｏokingataBlaｃｋｂird"ThｉrteenWａysｏfLoｏｋiｎｇaｔaＢlａｃkbirｄ."3６.Tｈetitleoftheｐoｅm“ＴｈeLoveSongofＪ.AlfredPｒufrocｋ”iｓironic,foｒitisinfacｔaｂouｔtheabsenｃeoｆlove.Itdeｖｅlｏpsaｔhemeofａｆrusｔrationandemｏｔiｏｎａlconfｌict.37．FitzgｅｒaldhasbｅcoｍeiｄenｔifiedwiｔhｔｈeｅxtraｖａｇaｎtlivｉnｇofｔhｅJazzAge,andｈeoｎcesaid,“Ｉtwasaｎageofmiraｃles,itwａsanａgeofart,itｗaｓａnａgｅofexceｓs,aｎdｉtwasanageofｓatｉre.”３８.Fitzgerａld’swritｉｎgｓtylｅiｓkｎownfoｒbeinｇclｅar，ｌyrical,ａndwｉttｙ.3９.ＯｎMarch2６,1９20,ＴhｉsSideｏｆParadiｓeispubliｓｈeｄ,makingｔｈe24ｙｅar-oｌｄFitzｇeraldfaｍouｓａｌｍｏｓtovｅrｎight．４0.ＷiｌliａｍFaｕｌkner’ｓworksareregａrdeｄasthesｕｍmｉtofSoutherｎlｉｔeｒature.TｈeYoknapatａｗｐhasagａdesｃribｅsｔhｅrisｅandfallｏfsoｕtheｒnaｒｉsｔocrａticｆamiｌies:theＣｏmpsonｓ，tｈeSartorｉseｓ,TｈeSutｐens,thｅMｃCaslins,anｄtheＳnopeseｓ.４1.TheSounｄandTheFｕryｄescriｂesthedｅcayanddｏwnｆallofaｎoldsｏuｔhｅrnaristｏｃraticfaｍiｌy,sｙmboｌｉzinｇｔheoldsoｃialorder，toldfrｏmfouｒdifferentｐｏiｎtsofview.４２.ThｅGｒapｅsofｗrａthshowsauｔhor’ｓcleareｘｐｒｅsｓiｏｎｏfsympathｙｗithｔhｅdｉsposｓｅｓsedandｔheｗretｃhed.４3．Ｔｈelａstsｔanzaofthepoem“Sｔｏｐpiｎgbｙｔhewooｄsonasｎoｗynight”showsakiｎdofsad,sｅntimentalbuｔａｌｓostrongaｎdresponsiblｅfｅeling．Ｔheattｒactionofthebｅａutyoｆthenatuｒeｍakｅsthespeakerｓtopinthejｏｕrneｙ.Hefｉnaｌlyturnｓaｗayfroｍit,withａcerｔainwearinｅssａndyetwitｈquieｔdeｔerminａtｉon,tｏfａｃethenｅedsoflife.Thisｓｔresｓesthｅcentrａlconflicｔofthｅpoembｅtｗeeｎman'ｓeｎjoymenｔofｎaｔure'sbeauｔｙａndhiｓｒｅspoｎsｉｂｉliｔyinｓoｃiｅｔy．Ｔｈiｓshowsａman＇sdeｓpａiｒingcｏｕｒａgeｔoｓeeｋｏutthｅmeaningoflife.44．Everytｈingseｅmsｔoｍｅetinｔhiｓonｅman－－“Jackofalltｒades”.HermaｎMeｌviｌletｈusdescribeｄFranklin“masterofeachandｍaｓterｅdｂｙnone”.４5.EdgａrAｌｌｅnPｏeｆormulａtｅdtｈｅnewshｏrtｓtoryｉnthｅｄｅtectivｅandsciｅｎｃefictiｏnline,deｖelopedanimporｔaｎtａｒtｉsｔicthｅory,ａnｄlaidfoｕndatioｎfoｒanａlytｉｃａlcｒitｉcism．46.InMelvｉlle’sfiction,ｍanlｉｖeｓｉｎaworldｄividedintｏtwｏwａｒrｉnｇpａrts:goodａgainｓtｅｖil,GoｄagaiｎsｔSataｎ,tｈｅ“head”ａgainsttｈe“hｅart”．Thｅreisnowａyｔoｏveｒcomｅｔｈeoｐposites.Mｅlvillehaｓatragicｖiｅwoflｉfｅ：heseemsｔofeeｌtｈaｔｔheunｉveｒseitｓelfｉswｏｒkｉｎgａgａinsｔｈumanhappiｎessaｎdpeａceofmind.47.“Itisｂｅtterｔokeepｙｏurmoutｈshutａｎdａpｐｅarstupidtｈantoopｅnｉｔaｎdｒemovealldoubｔ.”ＴhesｅwordsarｅsａidbyＭａrkｔwain.48．SisterCarｒieｉsThｅｏdoreDrｅisｅr’sfiｒstｎovel.ＤrｅiserisalsofaｍousforhisTriloｇｙofDeｓire(TheFｉnancier,TheＴiｔan，andＴheStoic）,andAｎAmericaｎＴraｇｅdy,whichｉsconsidｅredtｏbehiｓbesｔ.4９.ＴheodoreDreiserｉsanAmｅｒicannovelistandjournaliｓt.Hｅpｉoneerｅdtｈｅｎａｔｕralistｓｃhooｌａndｉsｋｎownfｏrpｏｒｔrａyingcｈaracterswhoｓｅvaｌｕelｉeｓnｏtｉntｈeirmoraｌｃodｅ,bｕtｉnｔheirpersiｓteｎceagａｉｎstallobstａｃles.５０．InThｅScarlｅtＬｅtｔeｒ，Ｈawtｈornｅcoｎsiｄerstheeffｅctｏnａnｉndｉｖiduａｌ’scｈaracterｏfguilｔycｏｎscience，ｏfhypoｃｒisy,andofｈaｔred．51.Lyrｉcisaｐｏｅm,ｕsuallyasｈortoｎe，thaｔｅxpressｅsaspeａker‘ｓｐersｏnalthoｕghｔｓorｆeeｌinｇｓ.

5２."RipVanWiｎkｌe＂iｓnotｏnlywelｌ-kｎｏwnｆorRip's20-ｙearsleepｂｕtalsocｏnsidｅredａｍoｄelofpｅrfｅｃｔEｎｇｌiｓhｉnAｍeｒicａnLiterａtureaｎｄinｔheEｎgｌｉsｈlａnguageaswell.ＷａｓhingtonIrvinｇhａsalwayｓbeｅnｒegardedasawrｉterｗho"ｐerfｅctedtheｂestｃlassｉcstyleｔhatAｍｅｒicaｎLiteraｔureeveｒprｏduｃed."Ｈehasacleａr,ｅａsystyｌe．53．Ｅmeｒson'sNatuｒeisemblematｉｃoｆthespiriｔualworld,alivｅwitｈＧod'ｓｏverwheｌmｉｎgpreｓence.ItmediatesbetweｅnmａnaｎdGod,andiｔsvｏiｃeｌｅaｄsｔｏhｉghｅrtruth;ｈenｃｅ,itexｅrciｓesahealthyａndrestoratiｖｅinf１ｕenｃeｏnhumaｎmiｎｄ."54．ＩnmaｎyofＨａwthorne'sｓtoriesａｎdnovels，thｅPuｒiｔanconcｅｐtｏflifeiscｏndeｍneｄ,ｏrthePuritanPastｉｓｓｈowniｎanａｌmostｔotaｌlyｎegatｉvｅliｇhｔ,esｐeciaｌｌyiｎｈiｓTheHouseOｆtheSevenGａｂlesanｄTheSｃarletLetter．55.Mｏby-Ｄickiｓｎｏｔmerelyawhalingtalｅｏｒsｅaadｖｅnture,itiｓaｌｓoasymbｏlｉcvoyageoftｈemiｎdｉnquｅstｏfｔhetｒutｈａndknowlｅｄｇeoftｈeuｎｉverｓe,ａspiritｕalexpｌｏrａｔionintomaｎ'sdeepｒｅaｌityandｐsycｈology.56.TheodorｅDreｉｓerｉｓnowrｅgardedaｓonｅofｔhepre-emiｎentAmｅriｃanｎovｅlｉstsoｆthｅfirsｔhalfｏfthetｗｅntietｈｃｅntｕrｙ,ａｎａnatｏｍiｓtｏfthe“Amｅｒｉcａndｒeam”.57.ＩtwaｓMarkTｗａinwhｏmａdｅcolloquiａlsｐeeｃhaｎaccｅpｔｅd,resｐecｔａblelｉｔerarymedｉuｍｉntｈeliteｒａrｙｈｉstoryofthｅcountｒy.Ｈiｓgreatｅstaｃhievｅmentｏｎliteratｕｒewａshｉsuｓｅoｆｔｈｅdiａｌectanｄｈiｓportrａyalｏｆｔhelocalｅ．５８．ＥdwinArlingtonRobiｎｓonisa“peoｐlｅpｏet”，ｗrｉtiｎgａlmostexcluｓｉvｅｌｙaboｕtｉndiviｄｕalｓoｒindivｉduａlrelationshipsｒathｅｒｔhａｎonmｏｒecommonthemesoftｈeninｅｔeenthceｎtuｒｙ.59.TheWastｅLandｉsｏfｔenrｅaｄasaｒeｐｒesentatiｏｎoftｈedisillusｉoｎmｅntoftheposｔ－waｒgenｅration.60.Fｉtzgerald’ｓwrｉｔiｎgsｔyleｉsknownforbeｉngcｌear,lyricａl，anｄwｉtty.61.Incｏnｔrasttｏtheｍinimalisｔ

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sｔorｉeｓｏfaｗidevａrｉeｔyofｃharａｃｔersiｎcludinｇformeｒｓｌavesｏrｄescendantsofslaveｓ,poorwhite,agrａｒian,oｒwoｒking－classSoｕｔhｅrnｅrs，andSouthernarisｔocrａｔs.62．Ｉｎ１96２,JohnStｅiｎbeｃkwasawaｒdｅdthｅＮobｅlPriｚeｆorLiｔerａtuｒｅ,witｈtheｈｏnoraryworｄs,foｒ“hｉsrｅaｌiｓｔicandiｍａginaｔiｖewrｉtings,ｄiｓtiｎguisｈedaｓthｅyａrebyaｓymｐatｈetｉchumorandasocｉａlperｃｅptiｏｎ.”63.ＡmerｉｃanＰuritanisｍ：ＰuｒitanismｉｓｔhｅｐｒacticesandbelｉefsoftｈePurｉtans.TheＰuritanswｅｒeorigiｎallｙmeｍbｅｒsofadivｉsionofｔheＰrotestａnｔChｕrch．ＴhｅｆｉrsｔsettlｅrsｗhoｂｅcaｍｅthefounｄiｎgfaｔheｒｓofthｅAmｅｒｉcanｎationwereｑｕitｅafewoｆtｈem.Thｅｙwｅreagrouｐｏfｓerioｕｓ,ｒeliｇiousｐeople，adｖocatinｇhｉghlyrｅligｉoｕsａnｄｍorａlpｒiｎciples.Asthｅwordiｔｓeｌfｈiｎts,Puｒitanswanｔedｔopuritｙｔｈｅｉrrelｉgｉousbeliefsandｐracｔices.Theyaccｅptｅdthｅdoctrineofｐｒｅdesｔｉｎａtioｎ,origｉnalsｉnａndtotaldeｐravity,ａｎdｌimiteｄａtonementｔhroｕghaspeciaｌinfｕｓionofgrａceｆorｍGod.Asａｃｕlturehｅritage,PｕrｉtａｎismdｉdhavｅaｐrｏfoundinｆluｅnceｏntｈｅｅarlyAmerｉcanmｉnｄ.ＡｍericanＰuｒitａnｉsｍalsohａdaeｎdｕringinflｕｅncｅoｎAｍeｒicａnliｔeraturｅ.ﻫ６4.

AmｅrｉcanRealiｓm:InAmericanｌiｔeraｔurｅ,thｅCiｖilWarbｒｏughｔthｅＲｏmanticPｅriｏdｔoanend.TheAgｅofReａｌismｃaｍeintｏexｉｓtｅnce.Ｉtcameasareaｃtiｏnａｇainsｔthｅlｉeofrｏmanｔiciｓmandsenｔｉmentａliｓm．Realismturnedfｒomaｎemphasisonthesｔrangｅtowａrｄａｆaithｆulrenderｉngｏｆtｈeorｄｉｎarｙ,asｌｉcｅoflifeasitｉsreallylived.Ｉｔｅxｐreｓsｅsｔheconcｅrnｆｏrcommｏnplaceaｎｄtheloｗ,ａnｄｉｔoffｅrsaｎｏbjectiveratherthａnanidealｉsticviewoｆｈｕmａｎnatｕｒeanｄhuｍaneｘｐeriｅｎｃe.ﻫ65．

AmericａnRoｍantiｃism:TheRomanｔｉcPerｉodcoverstｈefｉrsthａlfofthe19tｈcentury.Arising二、阅读并赏析以下诗人的诗歌(课本上的）：ＥｍiｌyDｉcｋinsoｎEｚraｐｏundEｄgｅｒＡllaｎPｏeRoｂｅrtFｒoｓｔ三、阅读并赏析以下作家的作品(课本上的）:NatｈaｎieｌHａwthoｒnｅJaｍesＦennimoreCｏｏｐｅr附:美国文学作家作品汇总

1、ＢeｎjａmｉnFraｎkliｎ本杰明·富兰克林1706－1７90AModestInquiｒyintｏtheNatureａnｄNeceｓsiｔyofａＰapｅrMoney;PｏｏrRｉｃhａｒｄ’sAlmanaｃk穷查理历书；TｈeＷａytoWealｔh致富之道；TheAuｔobiogrａphｙ自传ﻫ

２、ThoｍａsPaine托马斯·潘恩1737-１８０９TheCａsｅｏftheＯfficｅrsｏfExcisｅ税务员问题；CommｏnSense常识;AｍeｒicaｎCrisiｓ美国危机；RigｈtsofMａn人的权利:ＤownfallｏfDｅsｐｏtism专制体制的崩溃；TheAgｅofReason理性时代

３、PｈｉｌipFrｅneａu菲利普·弗伦诺1752-１８３2ＴheRiｓingGloｒyoｆＡmeｒｉca蒸蒸日上的美洲；TｈｅBriｔiｓhＰrisonShｉp英国囚船;TotheMｅmoryｏftｈeBrａveＡmeriｃans纪念美国勇士-－同类诗中最佳;TheＷiｌdHoｎeysucｋle野生的金银花;ThｅIndｉanBurｙｉngGrｏund印第安人殡葬地ﻫ

４、ＷaｓhｉngtonＩrｖing华盛顿·欧文17８3－18５9AHｉstoryofＮewＹoｒk纽约的历史－-美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；ＴｈeSkｅtchBook见闻札记TheLegenｄofSｌeeｐyＨoｌｌｏw睡谷的传说－使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；BrａceｂridgeHaｌl布雷斯布里奇田庄；TaｌksoｆＴｒaｖelｌerｓ旅客谈;ＴhｅAlhamｂrａ阿尔罕伯拉

ﻫ５、ＪameｓFeｎｉｍoreCooper詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀１789－1851TheSpy间谍;ThePiｌｏt领航者；ＴheＬiｔｔｌepageＭａnusｃｒiｐts利特佩奇的手稿;LｅatｈerstockingTales皮裹腿故事集:ThePｉoｎeer拓荒者；TheLasｔｏfＭohicans最后的莫希干人;TｈePrairie大草原;TｈePaｔhfinｄer探路者;ＴheDｅerｓlayｅr杀鹿者ﻫﻫ6、ＷiｌliamCuｌｌenBryaｎｔ威廉·柯伦·布莱恩特１７94－1８78TｈｅＰoｅｍs1８２1／１９32诗选:ＴｏaWaterfowl致水鸟-－英语中最完美的短诗;Tｈanａtopsis死亡随想-－-受墓园派影响；TheWｈitｅfｏotedＤeeｒ白蹄鹿;ＡForesｔHｙmn森林赋;TheＦloodofYeaｒs似水流年

7、EdgarAｌｌanPoe埃德加·爱伦·坡18０９-1849(以诗为诗；永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人－－叶芝)TａlesoｆtheGrｏｔesqueandAｒabesｑue怪诞奇异故事集;Taｌeｓ故事集;TｈｅFallｏftｈｅHｏuｓeoｆＵsher厄舍古屋的倒塌;Ligeia莱琪儿；AnｎabelLee安娜贝尔·李-－-－-歌特风格;首开近代侦探小说先河，又是法国象征主义运动的源头ＴamerlaｎｅaｎdOtｈerＰoｅms帖木儿和其他诗；AlAraaｆ,TamｅrlaneandMinoｒPoemｓ艾尔·阿拉夫,帖木儿和其他诗；TheＲavｅnaｎdOtherPｏemｓ乌鸦及其他诗:ＴheＲaven乌鸦;ThｅＣiｔyinｔheSea海城;Israfｅl伊斯拉菲尔;ToHeｌlen致海伦ﻫﻫ8、RalfＷaldoEｍerｓon拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生1803-１882Eｓsaｙs散文集：Nａtｕre论自然新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;ThｅAmeｒｉcanSchｏｌar论美国学者;Dｉvinity;TheOｖersoul论超灵;Ｓeｌf-rｅliａnce论自立;TheTrａｎscｅndeｎｔａｌist超验主义者;RepresentativｅMen代表人物;EnglishTraits英国人的特性;SchooｌAｄdrｅss神学院演说ＣoｎcorｄHymn康考德颂;ＴheRhodo杜鹃花;ThｅHumblｅBｅe野蜂；Dａｙs日子-首开自由诗之先河

9.NａthａnｉｅｌHａwthornｅ纳撒尼尔·霍桑１804－1864Twice－tｏｌdTａles尽人皆知的故事；ＭoｓseｓfromanOｌdMansｅ古屋青苔:YｏunｇGｏｏdmanBrowｎ年轻的古德曼·布朗;TheScaｒletLｅｔter红字；ThｅＨouseｏftheSｅvｅnGabｌes有七个尖角阁的房子－心理若们罗曼史;ＴhｅBｌitｈedaleＲomanｃe福谷传奇；TheMaｒbleFaun玉石雕像ﻫ

10、ＨeｎryＤavidThｒeau亨利·大卫·梭罗18１7－18６2Ｗaｄｄeｎ,oｒＬiｆeiｎtheＷoｏｄｓ华腾湖或林中生活;ＲｅsistancｅtｏCiｖilGovｅrnmeｎｔ／CiｖilDｉsｏbedienｃe抵制公民政府;AWeekontheCｏncordaｎdMerrimａckＲiversﻫﻫ

１１、WaltWhitman沃尔特·惠特曼1８19-１8９２LeａvesofGrasｓ草叶集:SonｇｏfｔheBｒoad-Axe阔斧之歌;ＩhearAｍｅricaSiｎginｇ我听见美洲在歌唱；WｈenLilaｃsLｏstintheDｏoryaｒdＢｌｏom’d小院丁香花开时；ＤｅmｏcraticVistas民主的前景；TheＴrampanｄＳtｒｉｋeQuesｔion流浪汉和罢工问题;ＳｏｎgofMyself自我之歌ﻫﻫ12、HerｍaｎMｅlvilｌe赫尔曼·梅尔维尔181９-1８91MoｂyDiｃk/TheＷhｉtｅWhａle莫比·迪克/白鲸;Ｔypeｅ泰比;Omoo奥穆;Mａｒｄi玛地;Redbｕrn雷得本;WhiteＪacket白外衣;Ｐierre皮尔埃;Ｐｉazza广场故事;ＢiｌlyBudd比利·巴德ﻫ

1３、ＨenryWadswoｒｔhLongｆｅllｏw亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗1807-1882ＴheSongofＨiawatｈa海华沙之歌--－-美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗；VoicｅsofthｅＮigｈt夜吟;ＢallａdｓａndOtherPｏens民谣及其他诗;BelfryｏfBrugesaｎdＯtherPoems布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗;TalesｏfaWaysideInn路边客栈的故事－--诗集:AｎApｒilＤay四月的一天／APsalmｏｆLiｆe人生礼物/PaｕlＲevere’sＲide保罗·里维尔的夜奔;Ｅvanｇelinｅ伊凡吉琳;TheCoｕｒtshipofＭiｌesＳtandish迈尔斯·斯坦迪什的求婚--－-叙事长诗；PoemsonSlavery奴役篇反蓄奴组诗ﻫ

14、EmilyDickｉnｓoｎ埃米莉·迪金森18３0-１886ThePoemsｏfEmilyＤicｈeｎsoｎ埃米莉·迪金森诗集－－－－-“Telｌallthｅtrｕtｈａndｔelｌitｓlaｎt”迂回曲折的，玄学的

ﻫ１5、MarkTwaｉn马克·吐温(SamuｅlLｏｎghornｅClemeｎs）美国文学的一大里程碑ＴheＣelebraｔedJｕmｐiｎｇFrｏgofCａlavｅrａsCounty加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙；ThｅInnｏｃent’sAbroaｄ傻瓜出国记;ThｅＧiｌｄeｄＡge镀金时代;TｈeAdvｅｎｔurｅsofTomSawyｅr汤姆·索耶历险记;ＴhｅPｒinceandtｈePauper王子与贫儿;TheAdvｅｎtureｓofＨucklebeｒryFinn哈克贝利·费恩历险记；AＣonnecticuｔYａnｋeｅinKiｎgＡｒｔｈur’sCourt亚瑟王宫中的美国佬;ＴｈeＴragｅdｙofPudd’ｎｈeadWiｌson傻瓜威尔逊;ＰersｏnaｌReｃollectｉonsofJoaｎoｆAｒc冉·达克；TheManTｈatＣｏｒｒupｔedHaｄlｅybｕrg败坏哈德莱堡的人HｏwtoTｅｌlａStorｙ如何讲故事对美国初期风趣文学的总结ﻫﻫ16、HeｎｒyJaｍeｓ享利·詹姆斯1843-１916小说：DａisyMｉlleｒ苔瑟·米乐;ThｅPortraitｏfaLａdy贵妇人画像;TheBoｓｔｏnｉans波士顿人；ＴhｅReaｌThｉnganｄOtｈerＴaleｓ真货色及其他故事；ThｅWｉngsｏｆｔhｅDove鸽翼；TheAmｂａssadｏrs大使；ＴheGｏldeｎBowl金碗评论集:FreｎｃhPｏetsaｎdNｏveｌiｓts法国诗人和小说家；Hawthｏrｎe霍桑；PａｒtialPortｒaitｓ不完全的画像;NｏtｅｓandReviews札记与评论；ArtｏfFｉctｉonａndOｔherEssａｙs小说艺术ﻫﻫ17、O·Ｈeｎry欧·享利（WｉlliaｍSｉdｎeyPｏrter)1８62-1９10TheMａｎHigherUp黄雀在后;SiｘeｓandSevｅns七上八下ﻫﻫ1８、EdwｉｎArｌingtonRobinson鲁宾逊18６9-1９35CaｐtaｉnＣraiｇ克雷格上尉－--诗体小说；ThｅTｏwｎDowntheRｉver河上的城乡;ThｅManAｇａinsｔtheＳｋｙ烘托着天空的人;Avoｎ’sHaｒｖｅｓｔ沃冯的收成;CｏllectｅdＰoems诗集ﻫ

１9、TｈeodorｅＤｒｅiseｒ西奥多·德莱塞18７1-１945SisｔｅｒCａrrie嘉莉姐妹;JennieＧerhardt珍妮姑娘；TｒｉlogｙofDeｓire欲望三部曲(Fｉnancer金融家,TheTitan巨人,TｈeSｔｏic);ＡnAmericanTragedｙ美国的悲剧(被称为美国最伟大的小说）；NiggerJeff黑人杰弗

ﻫ20、ＪackLｏｎdon杰克·伦敦1876-１9１６ＴheSonｏfthｅWoｌf狼之子，TheＣａlloｆｔｈeＷｉld野性的呼唤;TheＳeａ-woｌf海狼;WｈｉｔeFａnｇ白獠牙;ThｅＰeoplｅｏｆｔｈeAbｙss深渊中的人们;TheIrｏnHeel铁蹄；MaｒtiEｄｅn马丁·伊登;HowIbecoｍeaＳｏｃiaｌiｓｔ我如何成为社会党人;ThｅWarofthｅClasｓes阶级之间的战争；WｈatLifeMｅａnstoMe生命对我意味着什么；Ｒevoｌution革命;LovｅofＬife热爱生命;ＴheMexican墨西哥人;ＵndertheＤｅckAwiｎｇs在甲板的天蓬下

２1、GertrudeSteｉｎ格特鲁德·斯坦因1８74-19４6ＴheＡutobiｏｇrapｈyofAlicｅBＴoklaｓ爱丽丝·托克拉斯的自传；TenderＢutton温柔的钮扣

23、RobｅrtFrost罗伯特·弗罗斯特1８7４-1963ABoy’sＷiｓh少年心愿;ＮortｈofBoｓｔon波士顿之北(MendingWall修墙,AfｔerＡppｌe－pickinｇ摘苹果之后）;MountaiｎInteｒｖal山间（成熟阶段）(TheRoadNotｔaｋen没有选择的道路);Ｗｅsｔ-runninｇBｒｏok西流的溪涧;AFurtherRange又一片牧场;ＡWitｎeｓsTree一株作证的树

ﻫﻫ23、ＣaｒｌＳandburｇ卡尔·桑德堡1878-1967AlｗaystｈeYoungSｔrａngｅr永远是陌生的年轻人ｓ;InReｃklessEcｓtasy肆无忌惮的狂热;TｈePraiｒieYeａrs草原的年代一、二;ＴheＷａrYears战争的年代（林肯传记);ThｅＡmｅriｃanSoｎgbａg美国歌袋;ＴｈePeoｐle,Ｙｅs人民，好;HoneyandＳalｔ蜜与盐;Ｃorn-hｕskerｓ辗米机(Fｏg雾）；SmｏｋeａndＳteel烟与钢ﻫﻫ2４、WａlｌaceSｔevenｓ华莱士·史蒂文斯１879－