物流英语教学课件：chapter 2 Transportation

ChapterTwoTransportationText3:IntroductionofTransportationText4:MaritimeShippingSupplementaryreading:IntermodalTransportationLearningobjective

TounderstandthenatureoftransportationTolearnthefivemodesoftransportationToknowabouttheimportantfeatureofmaritimeshippingTogetfamiliarwithintermodaltransport

Text3:IntroductionofTransportation

Keyterms:transportation运输transportationmode运输方式roadtransportation公路运输railtransportation铁路运输waterwaytransportation水路运输 airtransportation航空运输pipelinetransportation管道运输 intermodaltransportation多式联运GeneralIntroductionofTransportation

Whatistransportation?Transportationisthemovementofpeopleandgoodsfromoneplacetoanother.majormodesoftransportation:Railwaytransportation,

road

transportation,waterwaytransportation,airtransportationandpipelinetransportationIntermodaltransportationoccurswhentwomodesormoreworkcloselytogetheronaregularbasis,utilizingtheadvantageofeachothers.DiversityofTransportationModes

Roadtransportationwhatarethemostimportantcharacteristicsofroadtransportation?Answer:capableofprovidingadoortodoorserviceflexibleenoughtoperform“just-in-time”deliveryforhigher-value/lower-volumecargooverrelativelyshortdistanceIntensecompetitionRailtransportationwhatarethemostimportantcharacteristicsofrailtransportation?Answer:offerscost-effectivetransportoverlongdistancesgoodforcargoswithhighvolumeandlowvalueConsumeslessenergy

Waterwaytransportation

Waterwaytransportationincludesmaritimetransportationandrivertransportation.Themostimportantcharacteristicsofwaterwaytransportationinclude:bigcapacity,goodforlargequantityofcargosconnectsportsfromdifferentcontinentsthecleanestamongalltransportationmodesAirtransportationThemostimportantcharacteristicsofairtransportationinclude:Itofferrapid,flexibledeliveryexpensivecomparedtothechargesoflandandoceanfreightmainlyforvaluableorperishablegoodsairfreightservicestendedtobeunreliablePipelinestransportationThemostimportantcharacteristicsofpipelinetransportationinclude:designedforaspecificpurposeonly,tocarryonecommodityfromalocationtoanothereffectiveintransportinglargequantitiesofproductslinkisolatedareasofproductionwithmajorcentersofrefiningandmanufactureCompetitionbetweenTransportationModes

eachoftransportationmodehasitskeyoperationalandcommercialadvantages(SeeTable2-1).Asaresult,modescancompeteorcomplementeachotherintermsofcost,

speed,accessibility,frequency,safety,comfort,etc.翻译:1.Transportationisthemovementofpeopleandgoodsfromoneplacetoanother.Railwaytransportation,roadtransportation,waterwaytransportation,airtransportationandpipelinetransportationmakeupthemajormodesoftransportinmodernsociety.

运输是人和物品在两地之间的移动。现代社会的主要运输方式包括铁路运输、公路运输、水路运输、航空运输和管道运输。2.Intermodaltransportationoccurswhentwomodesormoreworkcloselytogetheronaregularbasis,utilizingtheadvantageofeachothers.多式联运是指两种或两种以上的运输方式利用各自优势，进行常规的合作。3.Inroadtransportmarket,operatorsareabletouseexistingroadwayinfrastructureanddonotneedtoputinabigcapitalinvestmentaheadoftime.Hence,therearelotsofcompetitorsofferingthesamekindofservicewithcompetitiveprices.在公路运输市场中，承运人可以使用现有的公路设施，无须先进行大量的资本投入。因此这个市场中竞争者很多，他们以有竞争力的价格提供相似的服务。4.Railoffersthecost-effectivetransportoflargequantitiesofcargosoverlongdistances.Itisespeciallygoodforcargoswithhighvolumeandlowvalue,suchascoal,timberandgrain.铁路为大宗货物的长距离运输提供经济的运输服务。体积大、价值低的货物，比如煤炭、木材和谷物，特别适合使用铁路进行运输。5.Itofferrapid,flexibledelivery,butitisalsoperceivedasexpensivecomparedtothechargesoflandandoceanfreight.Bulkycargowithlowunitvaluecannotaffordtoshipbyair.它能提供快速、灵活、机动的运输服务，但是大家认为和水陆货物运输相比，航空费用昂贵。低值而体积大的货物难以承受航空运输的价格6.Asaresult,modescancompeteorcomplementeachotherintermsofcost,speed,accessibility,frequency,safety,comfort,etc.因此，运输方式之间能够在成本、速度、可得性、经常性（服务频率）、安全性和舒适程度等方面相互竞争或补充。TopicforDiscussion:

讨论话题1.Discusstheimportantroletransportationplaysinlogisticssystem.2.Thepicturebelowshowsusthecapacitydifferencesofavarietyoftransportmodes,pleasediscuss:whyarethesedifferencesimportanttous?Text4MaritimeShipping

Keytermsmaritimeshipping海洋运输 bulkcargo散装货物break-bulkcargo件杂货 bulkcarrier散货船generalcargoship杂货船 rollon-rolloff(RORO)vessels滚装船charterservices不定期租船服务 linerservices班轮服务MaritimeFreight

Maritimefreightisconsideredintwocategories:bulkcargoandbreakbulkcargo.BulkcargoBulkcargoreferstofreight,bothdryorliquid,thatisnotpackaged,suchasminerals(oil,coal,ironore)andgrains.Break-bulkcargoBreak-bulkcargoreferstogeneralcargothathasbeenpackagedinsomewayswiththeuseofbags,boxesordrums.CargoShips

BulkcarriersBulkcarriersareshipsdesignedtocarryspecificcommoditiesandaredifferentiatedintoliquidbulkanddrybulkvesselsTheyincludethelargestvesselsafloatGeneralcargoships

Generalcargoshipsarevesselsdesignedtocarrynon-bulkcargoes(break-bulkcargoes)Thetraditionalshipswerelessthan10000dwt(deadweightton)Morerecentlythesevesselshavebeenreplacedbycontainerships.Whyso?Rollon-rolloff(RORO)vessels

ROROvesselsaredesignedtoallowcars,trucksandtrainstobeloadeddirectlyonboardOriginallyappearingasferries,thesevesselsareusedondeep-seatradesandaremuchlargerthanthetypicalferryShippingServices

Charterservices(alsoknownasTramp).Inthisformofservice,amaritimecompanyrentsashipforaspecificpurpose,commonlybetweenspecificportsoforiginanddestinationCharterserviceisnotablyusedinthecaseofbulkcargoLinerservices.Lineroffershippingspace,ascommoncarriers,onshipsplayingalongfixedroutesonregularscheduleprincipallyengagedincarryinggeneralcargoinrelativelysmallshipmentsandlimitedvolumesTheDrawbacksofMaritimeShipping

Readthelastparagraphofthetextandfindoutwhatarethemaindrawbacksofmaritimeshipping?Answer:Itisslowcomparedwithothertransportmodesloadingandunloadingtakeslotsoftimeandcancausedelay

Notes:1.Itoftenrequirestheuseofspecializedshipssuchasoiltankersaswellasspecializedtransshipmentandstoragefacilities.这常常需要使用到专用船，比如油船或其他专用转运设备和存储设施。2.Beforecontainerization,economiesofscaleweredifficulttoachievewithbreak-bulkcargoastheloadingandunloadingprocesswasverylaborandtimeconsuming.在运输集装箱化之前，件杂货运输难以实现规模效应，因为装、卸过程要耗费大量的人力和时间。

3.Thelargesttankers,theUltraLargeCrudeCarriers(ULCC)areupto500000deadweighttons(dwt),withthemoretypicalsizebeingbetween250000and350000dwt最大的一种油轮——特大型油轮，最高能达到500000载重吨，一般在3000000到350000载重吨之间。4．Lineroffershippingspace,ascommoncarriers,onshipsplayingalongfixedroutesonregularschedule,principallyengagedincarryinggeneralcargoinrelativelysmallshipmentsandlimitedvolumes.

作为公共承运人，班轮公司安排船舶按固定的航线和固定的船期表提供运输服务并提供货位。5.However,technicalimprovementstendtoblurthedistinctionbetweenbulkandbreak-bulkcargo,asbothcanbeunitizedonpalletsandcontainers.

然而，技术的进步开始使散货运输和件杂货物运输之间的区别变得模糊，因为托盘和集装箱在这两类货物的运输上都可以应用。Exercises:

PleasetranslatethefollowingEnglishsentencesintoChinese1.Roadtransportiswidelyusedintheinlanddeliveryofgoods.Itiscapableofprovidingadoortodoorservicewithoutanybreakinthejourneytochangefromonevehicletoanother.2.Thestrengthofwaterwaytransportdoesnotrestonitsspeed,butonitscapacityandcontinuityofitstraffic.3.Airtransporthasbeenincreasedtremendouslyandplaysamoreimportantroleingloballogisticsthaneverbefore.Althoughitstillaccountsforaverysmallpercentageofcargotransportation,itsgrowthrateinrecentyearsisthehighestamongthemodesof