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雅思必背的长句100句1.TypicalofthegrasslanddwellersofthecontinentistheAmericanantelope,orpronghorn.(“主-系-表”结构,倒装句。)2.OfthemillionswhosawHaley'scometin1986,howmanypeoplewilllivelongenoughtoseeitreturninthetwenty-firstcentury?(of介词短语提前到句首,起强调作用,“常规位置”应在主谓之间,即people与willlive之间。)3.Anthropologistshavediscoveredthatfear,happiness,sadnessandsurpriseareuniversallyreflectedinfacialexpressions.(具有宾语从句的主从复合句,主句为现在完毕时,从句为一般现在时被动语态。)4.Becauseofitsirritatingeffectonhumans,theuseofphenolasageneralantiseptichasbeenlargelydiscontinued.(简朴句,现在完毕时,被动语态,becauseof介词短语作因素状语。)5.Inordertoremaininexistence,aprofit-makingorganizationmust,inthelongrun,producesomethingconsumersconsiderusefulordesirable.(具有定语从句的主从复合句,定语从句的引导词that在从句中作consider的宾语,故省略,usefulordesirable是形容词作宾语补足语;inordertodosth.是不定式短语作目的状语的强调形式;inthelongrun意为“长远看来”/“最终”。)6.Thegreaterthepopulationthereisinalocality,thegreatertheneedthereisforwater,transportation,anddisposalofrefuse.("Themore...,themore..."特殊句型,通常译为“越……,越……”;therebe句型;refuse在此不是“拒绝”的意思,而是“废物,垃圾”。)7.Itismoredifficulttowritesimply,directlyandeffectivelythantoemployflowerybutvagueexpressionsthatonlyobscureone'smeaning.(具有比较状语从句和定语从句的复合句,than引导的比较状语从句为避免反复省略了谓语部分"itisdifficult";此句的重点是it代替不定式短语作“形式主句”,因素是避免“头重脚轻”;that引导的定语从句是普通的“主谓宾”结构,obscure作动词,被从句修饰/限定的“先行词”是expressions。)8.Withmodernofficesbecomingmoremechanized,designersareattemptingtopersonalizethemwithwarmer,lesssevereinteriors.(简朴句;典型的"with+n.+分词短语"独立主格结构,作状语;attempt规定用不定式作宾语;形容词的比较级;interiors在此是名词,意为“内部装饰”。)9.Thedifferencebetweenlibelandslanderisthatlibelisprintedwhileslanderisspoken.(具有表语从句的主从复合句,主句为“主-系-表”结构,从句是并列句;该句是表述区别的典型句式:ThedifferencebetweenAandBisthatA...whileB....;between介词短语作后置定语。)10.Thekneeisthejointwherethethighbonemeetsthelargeboneofthelowerleg.(具有定语从句的主从复合句,从句引导词是关系副词where,相称于atwhich,从句是“主-谓-宾”结构,一般现在时;主句是“主-系-表”结构,一般现在时。)11.Acidsarechemicalcompoundsthat,inwatersolution,haveasharptaste,acorrosiveactiononmetals,andtheabilitytoturncertainbluevegetabledyesred.(“主-系-表”结构,名词性表语带有一个由that引导的限制性定语从句,从句是“主-谓-宾”结构,宾语是三个并列的名词ataste,anactionandtheability;其中ability后跟不定式短语作定语,该短语中的red是宾语补足语。)12.BillieHoliday'sreputationasagreatjazz-bluessingerrestsonherabilitytogiveemotionaldepthtohersongs.(“主-谓”结构的简朴句,主干是“reputationrests”,on介词短语作状语,介词宾语ability后跟不定式短语作定语。)13.Essentially,atheoryisanabstract,symbolicrepresentationofwhatisconceivedtobereality.(“主-系-表”结构,名词性表语带有of介词短语作后置定语,介词宾语是一个由what引的、被动语态的名词性从句。)14.Longbeforechildrenareabletospeakorunderstandalanguage,theycommunicatethroughfacialexpressionsandbymakingnoises.(带有由before引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句;用一般现在时陈述客观事实;主干句的theycommunicate是“主-谓”结构,through和by两个介词短语作状语。)15.Thankstomodernirrigation,cropsnowgrowabundantlyinareaswhereoncenothingbutcactiandsagebrushcouldlive.(带有where引导的定语从句的主从复合句;主句的主干cropsgrow是“主-谓”结构,in词短语作状语,介词宾语后跟where引导的定语从句;主句是一般现在时,从句是一般过时;thanksto介词短语作状语。)16.Thedevelopmentofmechanicaltimepiecesspurredthesearchformoreaccuratesundialswithwhichtoregulatethem.(“主-谓-宾”结构的简朴句;主干是developmentspurredsearch;主语和宾语均带有介词短语作定语;withwhichtoregulatethem是特殊的不定式短语,相称于定语从句withwhichonecouldregulatethem;them指代的是timepieces。)17.Anthropologyisascienceinthatanthropologistsusearigoroussetofmethodsandtechniquestodocumentobservationsthatcanbecheckedbyothers.(具有inthat...因素状语从句和that定语从句的主从复合句;主句是“主-系-表”结构,名词作表语;定语从句是被动语态,先行词是observations;todocumentobservations...是不定式短语作目的状语。)18.Fungiareimportantintheprocessofdecay,whichreturnsingredientstothesoil,enhancessoilfertility,anddecomposesanimaldebris.(用一般现在时陈述真理性事实;具有非限制性定语从句的主从复合句,主句是“主-系-”结构,形容词作表语,in介词短语作状语;定语从句是有三个谓语的并列句,先行词是process,ofdecay介词短语作process的定语。)19.Whenitisstruck,atuningforkproducesanalmostpuretone,retainingitspitchoveralongperiodoftime.(具有when时间状语从句的主从复合句;主句主干是aforkproducesatone,显然是“主-谓-宾”结构;tuning是动名词作定语,表达用途;retaining...是现在分词短语作随着状语。)20.AlthoughpecansaremostplentifulinthesoutheasternpartoftheUnitedStates,theyarefoundasfarnorthasOhioandIllinois.(具有although引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句;主句是被动语态;从句是“主-系-表”结构。)21.Eliminatingproblemsbytransferringtheblametoothersisoftencalledscapegoating.
(被动语态简朴句;主语是动名词短语,其中的by介词短语作动名词eliminating的状语;toothers是介词短语作动名词transferring的状语;scapegoating是动名词作主语补足语。)22.Thechieffoodseateninanycountrydependlargelyonwhatgrowsbestinitsclimateandsoil.(具有宾语从句的主从复合句;dependon意为“取决于”/“要看”;主语foods后跟过去分词短语作定语,相称于一个被动语态的定语从句,可改为thatareeateninanycountry...;what引导的名词性从句作介词on的宾语。)23.Overaverylargenumberoftrials,theprobabilityofanevent'soccurringisequaltotheprobabilitythatitwillnotoccur.(具有同位语从句的主从复合句;主句为“主-系-表”结构,表语是形容词短语equalto...;of介词短语作主语的定语;that引导同位语从句;over介词短语作状语。)24.Mostsubstancescontractwhentheyfreezesothatthedensityofasubstance'ssolidishigherthanthedensityofitsliquid.(主从复合句,具有when引导的时间状语从句、sothat引导的结果状语从句和than引导的比较状语从句;主句主干substancescontract是“主-谓”结构。)25.Themechanismbywhichbraincellsstorememoriesisnotclearlyunderstood.(主从复合句,具有bywhich引导的定语从句;主句主干是被动语态;从句主干是“主-谓-宾”结构。)26.Bythemiddleofthetwentiethcentury,paintersandsculptorsintheUnitedStateshadbeguntoexertagreatworldwideinfluenceoverart.(简朴句,过去完毕时与作时间状语的by介词短语连用;exertaninfluenceoversth./sb.对……施加影响;intheUnitedStates是介词短语作定语。)27.IntheeasternpartofNewJerseyliesthecityofElizabeth,amajorshippingandmanufacturingcenter.(简朴句,典型的倒装句----主语是thecityofElizabeth,因素是主语带有同位语,整个主语部分比较长----假如在逗号后添加whichis,句语主语的同位语就变成了非限制性定语从句;lie,stand,go,come等词经常用于介词短语(作地点状语)提前到句首的倒装句。)28.ElizabethBlackwell,thefirstwomanmedicaldoctorintheUnitedStates,foundedtheNewYorkInfirmary,aninstitutionthathasalwayshadacompletelyfemalemedicalstaff.(主从复合句,具有that引导的定语从句----先行词institution作Infirmary的同位语;主句主干是“主-谓-宾”结构;主语和谓语之间是主语的同位语。)29.AlexanderGrahamBelloncetoldhisfamilythathewouldratherberememberedasateacherofthedeafthanastheinventorofthetelephone.(主从复合句,具有that引导的宾语从句和than引导的状语从句;重点掌握表达“取舍”的句型“...wouldrather...than...”。)30.Becauseitsleavesremaingreenlongafterbeingpicked,rosemarybecameassociatedwiththeideaofremembrance.(主从复合句,具有because引导的因素状语从句;主句和从句都是“主-系-表”结构,分别是过去分词和形容词作表语;remain和become都是连系动词。)31.Althoughapparentlyrigid,bonesexhibitadegreeofelasticitythatenablestheskeletontowithstandconsiderableimpact.(主从复合句,具有that引导的定语从句;主句是“主-谓-宾”结构,从句是“主-谓-宾-补”结构;掌握固定搭配“enablesb./sth.todosth.”,towithstand...是不定式短语作宾语补足语;althoughapparentlyrigid是一个作状语的形容词短语,相称于although引导的让步状语从句"althoughtheyareapparentlyrigid"。)32.Thatxenoncouldnotformchemicalcompoundswasoncebelievedbyscientists.(主从复合句,具有that引导的主语从句,引导词that不充当成分也没有任何意义但不能省略;主句主干是“主-谓”结构,被动语态。)33.Researchintothedynamicsofstormsisdirectedtowardimprovingtheabilitytopredicttheseeventsandthustominimizedamageandavoidlossoflife.(简朴句,主干是researchisdirected,被动语态;into介词短语作后置定语;towardimproving...介词短语作状语;improvingtheability...动名词短语作介词toward的宾语;topredict...andtominimize...andavoid...是不定式短语作ability的定语。)34.Theeliminationofinflationwouldensurethattheamountofmoneyusedinrepayingaloanwouldhavethesamevalueastheamountofmoneyborrowed.(虚拟语气主从复合句,具有that引导的宾语从句;主句主干“eliminationwouldensurethat...”是“主-谓-宾”结构;从句主干“theamountwouldhavethevalue...”是“主-谓-宾”结构;as引导特殊的定语从句,掌握thesame...as...;注意过去分词used...和borrowed作定语,相称于被动语态的定语从句,可分别改为“thatisusedinrepayingaloan”和“thatwasborrowed”。)35.Futurism,anearlytwentieth-centurymovementinart,rejectedalltraditionsandattemptedtoglorifycontemporarylifebyemphasizingthemachineandmotion.(并列句,一个主语两个谓语;两个分句共用一个主语,都是“主谓宾”结构,主干分别是“futurismrejectedtraditions”和“futurismattemptedtoglorify...”;toglorify...by...是不定式短语作attempted的宾语;byemphasizingthemachineandmotion是介词短语作toglorify的状语;两个逗号之间是同位语,加上whichwas即可改为非限制性定语从句。)36.OneofthewildestandmostinaccessiblepartsoftheUnitedStatesistheEvergladeswherewildlifeisabundantandlargelyprotected.(主从复合句,具有where引导的定语从句。)37.LucretiaMott'sinfluencewassosignificantthatshehasbeencreditedbysomeauthoritiesastheoriginatoroffeminismintheUnitedStates.(主从复合句,具有so...that引导的结果状语从句;建议把so...that...“如此……以致于……”当作句型来记;主句是“主系表”结构,从句是被动语态,“主谓”结构,by介词短语和as短语都是状语,of和in介词短语作后置定语。)38.Theactivitiesoftheinternationalmarketingresearcherarefrequentlymuchbroaderthanthoseofthedomesticmarketer.(主从复合句,具有than引导的比较状语从句,从句省略了谓语部分“arebroad”;of介词短语作后置定语;those代替前面出现过的复数名词activities,是英语里避免反复的习惯用法。)39.ThecontinentaldividereferstoanimaginarylineintheNorthAmericanRockiesthatdividethewatersflowingintotheAtlanticOceanfromthoseflowingintothePacific.(主从复合句,具有that引导的定语从句,先行词是line,intheNorthAmericanRockies是介词短语作定语,作定语的短语位置应在定语从句之前;主句主干“dividereferstoaline”是“主谓宾”结构,从句主干“thatdividethewatersfrom...”也是“主谓宾”结构;those指代前面出现过的复数名词waters。)40.StudiesofthegravityfieldoftheEarthindicatethatitscrustandmantleyieldwhenunusualweightisplacedonthem.(主从复合句,具有that引导的宾语从句和when引导的时间状语从句;两个of介词短语均作后置定语;主句的主干“Studiesindicatethat...”是“主谓宾”结构;宾语从句的主干“crustandmantleyield”是“主谓”结构;时间状语从句的主干“weightisplacedon...”是“主-谓-主补”结构;them指代的是theearth'scrustandmantle。)41.TheannualworthofUtah'smanufacturingisgreaterthanthatofitsminingandfarmingcombined.
(复合句,具有than引导的比较状语从句;that指代前面出现过的不可数名词worth。)42.Thewallflowerissocalledbecauseitsweakstemsoftengrowonwallsandalongstonycliffsforsupport.(复合句,具有because引导的因素状语从句;on,along,for介词短语均作状语。)43.Itistheinteractionbetweenpeople,ratherthantheeventsthatoccurintheirlives,thatisthemainfocusofsocialpsychology.(强调句型“Itis...that/who...”,强调句子主语interaction;两个逗号之间是ratherthan表达舍弃/否认的短语;“主-系-表”结构,名词作表语。非强调表述法:Theinteractionbetweenpeopleisthemainfocusofsocialpsychology.)44.NosocialcrusadearousedElisabethWilliam'senthusiasmmorethantheexpansionofeducationalfacilitiesforimmigrantstotheUnitedStates.(用比较级表达最高级含义;“no...morethan”句型;具有than引导的比较状语从句;of,for,to介词短语均作后置定语,被限定的名词分别是expansion,facilities,immigrants。)45.Quailstypicallyhaveshortroundedwingsthatenablethemtospringintofullflightinstantlywhendisturbedintheirhidingplaces.(复合句,具有that引导的定语从句;主句是“主-谓-宾”结构;从句是“主-谓宾-补”结构,tospring...不定式短语作宾补;whendisturbed...是带有连词的过去分词短语,相称于被动语态的时间状语从句“whentheyaredisturbedintheirhidingplaces”。)46.Accordingtoanthropologists,theearliestancestorsofhumansthatstooduprightresembledchimpanzeesfacially,withslopingforeheadsandprotrudingbrows.(复合句,具有that引导的定语从句“thatstoodupright”,先行词是ancestors,ofhumans是介词短语作定语;主句主干"ancestorsresembledchimpanzees"是“主-谓-宾”结构;with介词短语作状语,sloping和protruding都是现在分词作定语。)47.Notuntil1866wasthefullysuccessfultransatlanticcablefinallylaid.(Notuntil置于句首的倒装句,起强调时间状语notuntil...的作用,请注意必须是主句“部分倒装”;本句是简朴句,正常语序应为“Thefullysuccessfultransatlanticcablewasnotfinallylaiduntil1866.”)48.Inhiswriting,JohnCroweRansomdescribeswhatheconsidersthespiritualbarrennessofsocietybroughtaboutbyscienceandtechnology.(复合句,具有what引导的宾语从句,其中barrenness在从句中作宾补;broughtaboutby...是过去分词短语作后置定语,相称于被动语态的定语从句“thathasbeenbroughtaboutbyscienceandtechnology”,先行词是barrenness,ofsociety是介词短语作后置定语;inhiswriting是介词短语作状语。)49.Childrenwithparentswhoseguidanceisfirm,consistent,andrationalareinclinedtopossesshighlevelsofself-confidence.(复合句,具有whose引导的定语从句,先行词是parents;主句和从句都是“主-系-表”结构。)50.TheancientHopewellpeopleofNorthAmericaprobablycultivatedcornandothercrops,buthuntingandgatheringwerestillofcriticalimportanceintheireconomy.(由but连接的并列句,第一分句的主干“peoplecultivatedcornandothercrops”是“主谓宾”结构;第二分句的主干“huntingandgatheringwereofimprotance”是“主系表”结构,“of+抽象名词”是介词短语作表语,相称于一个形容词:beofcriticalimportance=becriticallyimportance)51.Usingmanysymbolsmakesitpossibletoputalargeamountofinformationonasinglemap.(简朴句,“主-谓-宾-补”结构,it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是toput...不定式短语;using...是动名词短语作主语。)52.Anarchismisatermdescribingaclusterofdoctrinesandattitudeswhoseprincipalunitingfeatureisthebeliefthatgovernmentisbothharmfulandunnecessary.(复合句,具有whose引导的定语从句和that引导的同位语从句;describing...是现在分词短语作后置定语,改为“thatdescribes...”则变成一个积极语态的定语从句;定语从句的先行词是doctrinesandattitudes;主句和从句都是“主-系-表”结构,主句主干是“Anarchismisaterm”,定语从句的主干是“featureisthebelief”,同位语从句的主干是“governmentisbothharmfulandunnecessary”。)53.ProbablynomanhadmoreeffectonthedailylivesofmostpeopleintheUnitedStatesthandidHenryFord,apioneerinautomobileproduction.(“no...morethan”句型,以比较级的形式表达最高级的含义;复合句,注意比较状语从句里的技术性倒装,因素是主语后面跟有一个名词短语作同位语;重要搭配:haveeffecton...。)54.Theuseofwell-chosennonsensewordsmakespossiblethetestingofmanybasichypothesesinthefieldoflanguagelearning.(简朴句,“主-谓-宾-补”结构----possbile形容词作宾补;主干是“usemakestestingpossible”;句子将宾补提前到宾语之前,因素是宾语部分比较长----带有of介词短语作定语;of,of,in,of介词短语均作定语。)55.Thehistoryofpaintingisafascinatingchainofeventsthatprobablybeganwiththeveryfirstpicturesevermade.(复合句,具有that引导的定语从句;主句主干“Thehistoryisachainofevents”是“主系表”结构;定语从句所修饰的先行词是events,从句是“主谓”结构,with介词短语作状语;ofpainting是介词短语作定语;fascinating是现在分词活用作形容词,作定语;evermade是过去分词短语作定语,相称于被动语态的定语从句“thathaveeverbeenmade”。)56.Perfectlymatchedpearls,strungintoanecklace,bringafarhigherpricethanthesamepearlssoldindividually.(复合句,具有than引导的比较状语从句----从句省略了谓语部分“wouldbring”;strungintoanecklece是过去分词短语,相称于定语从句“that/whichhavebeenstrungintoanecklace”;soldindividually是过去分词短语作定语,相称于“thatweresoldindividually”。主句主干是“pearlsbringaprice”,“主-谓-宾”结构。)57.Duringtheeighteenthcentury,LittleTurtlewaschiefoftheMiamitribewhoseterritorybecamewhatisnowIndianaandOhio.(复合句,具有whose引导的定语从句---先行词是tribe---和what引导的表语从句;主句和两个从句都是“主-系-表”结构,主干分别是“LittleTurtlewaschief”、“territorybecame...”、“whatisIndianaandOhio”;during介词短语作时间状语,of介词短语作后置定语----短语作定语时都必须后置。)58.Amongalmostsevenhundredspeciesofbamboo,somearefullygrownatlessthanafoothigh,whileotherscangrowthreefeetintwenty-fourhours.(while连接的并列句,among介词短语置于句首起强调作用---请参看第2句;第一分句是主系表”结构,grown过去分词作表语;第二分句是“主谓”结构---grow是不介物动词,threefeet是名词短语作状语;at和in介词短语都作状语;while连接两个分句时有比较、对照的含义。)59.Beforestartingonaseavoyage,prudentnavigatorslearntheseacharts,studythesailingdirections,andmemorizelighthouselocationstopreparethemselvesforanyconditionstheymightencounter.(并列句+复合句,具有定语从句,先行词是conditions;learn,study,memorize三个谓语动词并列,共用一个主语navigators;toprepare...不定式短语作目的状语;beforestarting...现在分词短语作时间状语;prepare...for...是一个很重要的句型。)60.Ofalltheeconomicallyimportantplants,palmshavebeentheleaststudied.(简朴句,现在完毕时,被动语态;of介词短语置于句首,相对独立,起强调作用。请参见第2句,理解并熟读后模仿造句。)61.Buyersandsellersshouldbeaware(that)newdevelopmentintechnologycananddoesaffectmarketingactivities.(主从复合句,主句是“主-系-表”结构,由that引导的从句是一种特殊的状语从句;建议把“beawarethat...”当作句型来记;doesaffect是affect的强调形式---原形谓语动词前加do/does/did是强调谓语的最常见方式;marketing是动名词作定语;intechnology是介词短语作后置定语。)62.Theapplicationofelectroniccontrolsmadepossiblebythemicroprocessorandcomputerstoragehasmultipliedtheusesofthemoderntypewriter.(简朴句,主干"Theapplicationhasmultipliedtheuses"是“主-谓-宾”结构;两个of介词短语均作后置定语;"madepossibleby...and..."是过去分词短语作后置定语,相称于被动语态的定语从句"thathasbeenmadepossiblebythemicroprocessorandcomputerstorage",注意:先行词是application;定语从句中的possible是形容词作主语补足语。)63.Thehumanskeletonconsistsofmorethantwohundredbonesboundtogetherbytoughandrelativelyinelasticconnectivetissuescalledligaments.(简朴句,“主谓宾”结构,谓语consistof是固定搭配,常见的同义表达法有:bemadeupof,becomposedof,etc.此句值得注意的是过去分词作后置定语:boundtogetherby...可改为定语从句"thatareboundbytoughandrelativelyinelasticconnectivetissues";calledligaments可改为定语从句"thatarecalledligaments";inelastic与elastic互为反义词,in-是常见的否认意义前缀,有im-,il-,ir-等几种变体。)64.Thepigmentationofapearlisinfluencedbythetypeofoysterinwhichitdevelopsandbythedepth,temperature,andthesaltcontentofthewaterinwhichtheoysterlives.(主从复合句,包含两个由inwhich引导的定语从句,先行词分别为oyster和water;主句是被动语态;ofthewater...是介词短语作depth,temperature,saltcontent的定语;it指代的是apearl。)65.Althoughmockingbirdssuperblymimicthesongsandcallsofmanybirds,theycannonethelessbequicklyidentifiedasmockingbirdsbycertainauralclues.(主从复合句,具有由although引导的让步状语从句,“主谓宾”结构;主句是被动语态,as...和by...均作状语。)66.Notonlycanwalkingfishliveoutofwater,buttheycanalsotravelshortdistancesoverland.(并列句,notonly...butalso...的典型例证,只需注意notonly置于句首时的部分倒装67.Scientistsdonotknowwhydinosaursbecameextinct,butsometheoriespostulatethatchangesingeography,climate,andsealevelswereresponsible.(并列+复合句,but是并列连词;具有两个宾语从句,分别由why和that引导,均为“主-系-表”结构;ingeography,climateandsealevels是介词短语作后置定语。)68.Thescienceofhorticulture,inwhichtheprimaryconcernsaremaximumyieldandsuperiorquality,utilizesinformationderivedfromothersciences.(主从复合句,具有一个由inwhich引导的、“主系表”结构的、非限制性定语从句;science和horticulture是“同位关系”;derivedfromothersciences是过去分词短语作后置定语,相称于被动语态的定语从句"thatis/hasbeenderivedfromothersciences"。)69.Snowaidsfarmersbykeepingheatinthelowergroundlevels,therebysavingtheseedsfromfreezing.(简朴句,“主谓宾”结构,by介词短语作状语,其中具有动名词短语keeping...in...----in介词短语作“宾语补足语”;saving...是现在分词短语作随着状语。)70.Eventhoughtheprecisequalitiesofheroinliteraryworksmayvaryovertime,thebasicexemplaryfunctionoftheheroseemstoremainconstant.(主从复合句,具有eventhough引导的让步状语从句,“主-谓”结构,of、in等介词短语均作定语;主句为“主-系-表”结构。)71.Peopleinprehistorictimescreatedpaintsbygrindingmaterialssuchasplantsandclayintopowderandthenaddingwater.(简朴句,“主谓宾”结构,by+动名词短语作状语,grinding和adding并列;in介词短语作定语。)72.Oftenveryannoyingweeds,goldenrodscrowdoutlesshardyplantsandactashoststomanyinsectpests.(并列句,两个分句共用一个主语goldenrods;逗号前面的部分是一个相对独立的名词性短语,属附加成分;annoying是现在分词活用作形容词,与intereting,disappointing,embarrassing,exciting,beguiling相仿。)73.Startingaround7000BC,andforthenextfourthousandyears,muchoftheNorthernHemisphereexperiencedtemperatureswarmerthanatpresent.(主从复合句,主干是“主谓宾”结构;具有一个省略的比较状语从句---该从句是形容词短语warmerthanatpresent的一部分,该短语作后置定语,相称于一个“主系表”结构的定语从句,可改写为“(temperatures)thatwerewarmerthan(temperaturesare)atpresent”;starting...是现在分词短语作时间状语;for...是介词短语作时间状语。)74.WhenHenryFordfirstsoughtfinancialbackingformakingcars,theverynotionoffarmersandclerksowningautomobileswasconsideredridiculous.(主从复合句,具有一个when引导的时间状语从句---“主谓宾”结构;主句是被动语态---“主-谓-主补”结构;of介词短语作后置定语,ridiculous作主语补足语;"thevery+n."是强调表达法,语序不可换,定冠词也不可省略。)75.Thoughoncequitelarge,thepopulationofthebaldeagleacrossNorthAmericahasdrasticallydeclinedinthepastfortyyears.(简朴句,主干“populationhasdeclined”是“主-谓”结构,of介词短语作后置定语,in介词短语作时间状语;thoughoncequitelarge是一个作状语的形容词短语,是由让步状语从句"Thoughitwasoncequitelarge"省略而来---it指代的是句子主语population。)76.Thebeaverchewsdowntreestogetfoodandmaterialwithwhichtobuilditshome.(简朴句,“主谓宾”结构,toget...不定式短语作目的状语;withwhichtobuilditshome是特殊的不定式短语作定语,相称于定语从句"withwhichitcanbuilditshome"---先行词是material。)77.Poodleswereonceusedasretrieversinduckhunting,buttheAmericanKennelClubdoesnotconsiderthemsportingdogsbecausetheyarenowprimarilykeptaspets.(并列-复合句,but是并列连词,连接两个并列分句,前一个分句显然是被动语态简朴句,后一个分句则是主从复合句---具有一个由because引导的因素状语从句;主句是“主-谓-宾-宾补”结构,从句是被动语态。)78.Asaresultofwhatisnowknowninphysicsandchemistry,scientistshavebeenabletomakeimportantdiscoveriesinbiologyandmedicine.(主从复合句,具有一个what引导的宾语从句---介词宾语;asaresultof...是很实用的短语介词,意为“由于/由于”;主句是“主-谓-宾”结构---把beableto视为谓语的一部分。)79.ThepracticeofmakingexcellentfilmsbasedonratherobscurenovelshasbeengoingonsolongintheUnitedStatesastoconstituteatradition.(精品简朴句主干“thepracticehasbeengoingon”是“主谓”结构;of介词短语作后置定语,其中具有一个“动-宾-后定”结构的动名词短语,过去分词短语basedon...相称于定语从句"thatarebasedonratherobscurenovels";so...asto...是不定式短语作结果状语的典型句式,意为“如此……以致于”,相称于结果状语从句"(solongintheUS)thatithasconstitutedatradition"。)80.Sincetheconsumerconsidersthebestfruittobethemostattractive,thegrowermustprovideproductsthatsatisfythediscerningeye.(主从复合句,since引导因素状语从句---“主-谓-宾-补”结构,其中tobethemostattractive是不定式短语作宾语补足语;that引导定语从句;discerning是现在分词活用作形容词,作定语。)81.Television,themostpervasiveandpersuasiveofmoderntechnologies,markedbyrapidchangeandgrowth,ismovingintoanewera,aneraofextraordinarysophisticationandversatility,whichpromisestoreshapeourlivesandourworld.(主从复合句,具有which引导的非限制性定语从句---先行词是era,其中toreshape...是不定式短语作宾语;themost...technologies是名词性插入语,相称于非限制性定语从句"whichisthemost...technologies";markedby...是过去分词短语作插入语,相称于非限制性定语从句"whichis/hasbeenmarked...";aneraof...是名词性短语作同位语,其中of...介词短语作后置定语。)82.Televisionismorethanjustelectronics;itisameansofexpression,aswellasavehicleforcommunication,andassuchbecomesapowerfultoolforreachingotherhumanbeings.(并列句,分号是并列标志,and是并列连词;三个分句都是“主-系-表”结构。)83.Evenmoreshockingisthefactthatthenumberandrateofimprisonmenthavemorethandoubledoverthepasttwentyyears,andrecidivism--thatistherateofrearrest--ismorethan60percent.(主从复合句,主句倒装。破折号之前的是插入语;主句主语fact后跟有that引导的同位语从句---该从句又是一个由and连接的并列句:第一分句的主干"thenumberandratehave...doubled"是“主-谓”结构;第二分句"recidivismismorethan60percent"是“主-系-表”结构。)84.HisteachingbeganattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,butWilliamRaineyHarperluredhimtothenewUniversityofChicago,whereheremainedofficiallyforexactlyagenerationandwherehisstudentsinadvancedcompositionfoundhimterrifyinglyfrigidintheclassroombutsympatheticandunderstandingintheirpersonalconferences.(并列-复合句,but是并列连词;第一分句是“主谓”结构,MIT是世界闻名的“麻省理工学院”;第二分句中具有两个由where引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词是“芝加哥大学”,主句是“主-谓-宾-补”结构,第一个从句是“主-谓”结构,第二个从句是“主-谓-宾-补”结构;at,for,in等介词短语作状语;to介词短语作宾补;oftechnology,ofChicago,inadvancedcomposition都是介词短语作后置定语;特别值得注意和学习的是:"findsb./sth.+adj."句型---“动-宾-补”结构。)85.Theslothpayssuchlittleattentiontoitspersonalhygienethatgreenalgaegrowonitscoarsehairandcommunitiesofaparasiticmothliveinthedepthsofitscoatproducingcaterpillarswhichgrazeonitsmouldyhair.(精品难句,并列-复合句,具有两个从句,一个是(such...)that引导的结果状语从句---这个从句是一个并列句,and连接了两个“主-谓”结构的分句;另一个是which引导的定语从句---先行词是caterpillars;producing...是现在分词作随着状语。)Itsmusclesaresuchthatitisquiteincapableofmovingataspeedofoverakilometeranhourevenovertheshortestdistancesandtheswiftestmovementitcanmakeisasweepofitshookedarm.(并列-复合句,and连接两个并列分句,第一分句具有that引导的结果状语从句,第二分句具有省略关系代词that的定语从句---先行词是movement;be(in)capableofdoingsth.是一个很有用的句型;at,over介词短语作状语,of介词短语作定语。)86.Artificialflowersareusedforscientificaswellasfordecorativepurposes.(简朴句,“主-谓(-状)”结构,被动语态。)Theyaremadefromavarietyofmaterials,suchaswaxandglass,soskillfullythattheycanscarcelybedistinguishedfromnaturalflowers.(主从复合句,具有(so...)that引导的结果状语从句,主从句均为被动语态,suchas...是插入语;注意句型:bemadefrom...和bedistinguishedfrom...,改为积极语态应为makesomethingfrom...和distinguishsomethingfrom...)87.ThreeyearsofresearchatanabandonedcoalmineinArgonne,Illinois,haveresultedinfindingsthatscientistsbelievecanhelpreclaimthousandsofminedisposalsitesthatscarthecoal-richregionsoftheUntiedStates.(主从复合句,主句是“主谓”结构,"resultin"意为“导致/导致”;具有两个由that引导的定语从句---第一个定语从句所修饰的先行词是findings,“主谓宾”结构,"scientistsbelieve"是插入语,reclaim...是省略to的动词不定式短语作help的宾语;第二个定语从句的先行词是sites,“主谓宾”结构。)88.Whenthepersuadingandtheplanningforthewesternrailroadshadfinallybeencompleted,thereallychallengingtaskremained:thedangerous,sweaty,backbreaking,brawlingbusinessofactuallybuildingthelines.(主从复合句,具有一个由when引导的时间状语从句,过去完毕时,被动语态,for介词短语作定语;主句是“主谓”结构,冒号/破折号起解释作用,后面是一个名词性短语,中心词是business,前后都是定语。)89.Becauseofthespacecrunch,theArtMuseumhasbecomeincreasinglycautiousinconsideringacquisitionsanddonationsofart,insomecasespassingupopportunitiestostrengthenitscollections.(精品简朴句,主干"museumhasbecomecautious"是“主-系-表”结构;becauseof,in介词短语短语作状语;insomecases=sometimes;passingup...是现在分词短语作随着状语;tostrengthenitscollections是动
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