定语从句 陈劲草

WelcomeTheAttributiveClause定语从句谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。真正的友谊犹如健康的身体,失去时方知其可贵。He

wholaughslastlaughsbest.Friendshipislikehealth,

thevalueof

whichisseldomknownuntilitislost.EnjoysomeproverbsGodhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.Nothingintheworldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.Allthatglitters(闪光)isnotgold.自助者天助。世上无难事，只怕有心人。闪闪发光的不一定是金子。Whatisanattributive?(何为定语？)Hemadeaninspiring

speech.Sheisadiligent

student.用于修饰名词、代词的句子成分为定语。Whatisanattributiveclause?(何为定语从句？)在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子，叫做定语从句。Hemadea

speechthat/whichwasinspirig.Sheisastudent

whoisdiligent.定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词；先行词与定语从句之间需要一个连接词，叫做关系词；定语从句的结构为：

先行词+关系词+定语从句HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when，why定语从句的做题方法：(1)判断是否为定语从句，明确先行词。(2)确定关系词在定语从句中所作的成分，确定选用关系代词还是关系副词。(3)根据语意确定具体选择哪一个关系词。Manypeoplecomplainthattherearesofewbuses.Theyhavetospendalongtimewaitingforabus,anditisusuallycowdedwithalargenumberofpassengers.Manypeoplecomplainthattherearesofewbusesthattheyhavetospendalongtimewaitingforabus,whichisusuallycowdedwithalargenumberofpassengers.许多人抱怨公车太少，他们要花很长的时间等一辆公交车，而车上通常满载乘客。翻译：引导定语从句的关联词有：关系代词：that,

which,who,whom,whose,关系副词：when,where,why关系词的选择是由先行词在从句中充当的句子成分，及先行词的意思决定。关系代词（who,whom,which,that,whose）指人指物在定语从句中的作用WhoWhomWhichthatwhose√√√√√√√主语主语主语宾语（可以省略）宾语（可以省略）宾语（可以省略）宾语（可以省略）定语that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用which。NoteⅠ1.Thisisthemostinterestingfilm____Ihaveeverseen.2.Thethirdplace______wearegoingtovisitisNewYork.3.Thisistheonlyfood_____Icanfindforyou.4.Hementionedthepeopleandthings

_____hesawinhistrip.5.WhichistheT-shirt_____fitsmemost？最高级序数词theonly,thevery,any,no,all等修饰;或先行词是something,anything,everyting,nothing等不定代词既有人又有物已有who或which时thatthatthatthatthatNoteⅡ只用which而不用that引导定语从句的情况。

Hemadethesamemistakesagain,_____madehisparentsveryangry.which(1)、在非限制性定语从句中不用that，指事物用which，指人用who或whom.(2)、关系代词前有介词时，用which不用that.她坐的那把椅子是用木头做的。Thechaironwhichshesatismadeofwood.1.当先行词是he,she等人称代词，以及one,ones,anybody,anyone,all,none,those等指人的不定代词时一般用who,不用that.NoteⅢ只用who而不用that引导定语从句的情况。Peoplealllikethosewhohavegoodmanners.

2.主句是therebe结构，定语从句多用who指代人。TherearesomepeoplewhowanttohaveholidaysinHainan.3.在非限制性定语从句中不用that，指人用who或whom.

ProfessorWang,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.Exercises1.ThehouseIgrewup___hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.(09JX)A.init B.inC.inthatD.inwhich→

BThehousewhere/inwhichIgrewuphasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.2.Lookout!Don'tgettooclosetothehouse______roofisunderrepair.(FJ06)A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.thatAtheroofofwhich3.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst_____Ireallyenjoyed.(ZJ06)A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.whichB

Thisisthefactory.Iworkedinthefactorytenyearsago.→

1.关系副词在从句中充当状语成分2.关系副词=介词+关系代词Thisisthefactoryinwhich

Iworkedtenyearsago.whereThisisthefactory

Iworkedtenyearsago.关系副词relativeadverbs总结：时间when=in/at/on/duringwhich地点where=at/in/onwhich原因why=forwhich1.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears___Iliveinthefarm___youvisitedlastweek.A.when;whereB.which;whichC.when;whichD.which;where2.Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders_____consumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.(JX08)A.whereB.when C.whoD.whichExerciseC

A

分隔式定语从句；其先行词和定语从句往往被分隔开，做题时，一定要先找准先行词，然后确定关系词。“介词+关系代词”之介词的选择1.与从句中谓语动词的搭配相关ThisisthebookonwhichIspent10yuan.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid10yuan.2.与先行词的搭配相关I'llneverforgettheday

onwhichIwonthefirstprizeintheEnglishcontest.3.与所表达的意义相关Thecolorlessgas

withoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.NoteⅠway作为先行词时，且在定语从句中

充当状语时，其定语从句关系词可为：

inwhich,that,〵Thisisagoodwayinwhichtheproblemcanbesolved.=Thisisagoodwaythattheproblemcanbesolved.=Thisisagoodwaytheproblemcanbesolved.(不用引导词)NoteⅡ“模糊地点”的先行词后跟where引导的定语从句，先行词可为point,situation,case,conditions,position,stage,scene,spot,activity,family,job另，常见的“模糊时间”的先行词有occasion,stay,interval等，用when来引导定语从句。

(注意：此时关系词要在定语从句中充当状语）TheInternet,wherewecansearchforalargeamountofinformation,hasbecomeanindispensablepartofmanypeople’slife.Socialpartiesaretheoccasionswhenpeoplecandeveloptheirinterpersonalrelationship.NoteⅢ有时，为了表达需要，可以在关系副词when、where前加上介词from、to、until、since等。

Icameherein1949,sincewhenIhavebeenengagedinthiswork.

我1949年到这里,从那时起我就担任这项工作。Hewasstandingbythewindow,fromwherehecouldseewhatwashappeninginthestreet.他站在窗户边，从那儿他可以看到大街上所发生的事情。NoteⅣ非限制性定语从句关系词不能省不能用that1.In1986hemovedtoHollywoodtolivewithhisstepfather,whoisafilmdirector.（高一上Unit5TheSilverScreen)2.Spielberg,whosemotherwasamusicteacher,wasbornin1946inasmalltowninAmerica.（高一上Unit5TheSilverScreen)as引导的定语从句1.引导限制性定语从句，当先行词被thesame,such,as,so修饰，且在定语从句中充当名词性成分时，定语从句需用as引导。

(2)Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice___peopleexpected.(S2000春）(1)我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.(3)我和他有同样的书。Ihavethesamebookashehas.as2.关系代词as和which引导非限制性定语从句的异同(1)As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.

(2)which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放于主句之后，而as引导的非限位置较为灵活。as有“正如，正像”之意。“Youcan’tjudgeabookbyitscover,”astheoldsayinggoes.(2013NⅠ)位置灵活：可前，可中，可后as引导的定语从句常见句式有：asisknowntoall(众所周知),asisoftenthecase(情况经常是这样),asismentionedabove(如上所述),asisannounced(如报道的那样)。定语从句的主谓一致1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词保持一致。2.“oneof+复数名词”的从句谓语动词用复数形式；“the(only)oneof+复数名词”的从句谓语动词用单数形式。3.关系代词as或which作主语指的是它前面的整个主句时，动词要用单数。

3.Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichallthepeoplepresent.

surprisesMr.Black,who___atthegate,isaskingtoseeyou.

1.布莱克先生要见你，他在门口。is2.他是受奖励的学生之一。Heisoneofthestudentswhowereawarded.他是唯一受奖励的学生。Heistheonl