第三册第三课新视野SectionB 讲解

PredictinganAuthor’sIdeas

Exercise

Onewaytoreadeffectivelyistopredict.Makingpredictionswhilereadingkeepsyourmindinvolvedinthepassage.Itisagreataidinunderstandingwhatcomesnext.

TakeSectionAforexample:

I.PredictinganAuthor’sIdeasWheredoprinciplescomefirst?FindtheanswertothequestionQ1:Whataretheprinciples?FindtheanswertothequestionII.Exercise

MakeYourPrediction1.Buyingapersonalcomputerisnevereasy,nomatterhowmuchyouknowaboutthem.

Youexpecttheauthortomention______.avarietyofchoices,therangeofprices,variousmakesandmodels,andadvicefromeveryangle…2.InbothJapanandChina,peoplehavelongbelievedthatearthquakescanbeforecast.Youpredicttheauthoristomention_______.InJapan,scientistshavewiredtheEarthandseatodetectmovements.TheChinesehavetraditionallywatchedanimalsandplantsforwarningsignsofearthquakes.Forexample,…

MakingComparison

&TakingNotes

Oneofthetechniquestoextendtheideasismakingcomparisonindetails.Paras.1-3Wedifferinthedecision-makingapproach.WhatisthemostimportantthinginJapan?Whatcanitexplain?KeyItisimportantwhichorganizationyouworkfor.ItexplainsthegreaterjobstabilityinJapan,incontrasttothegreatjobmobilityinAmerica.Paras.4-12LetmetrytodescribethreeorfourcharacteristicsoftheJapaneseenvironment…(L11)1.ItoYou

VS

YoutoYou

Westerners:presentargumentsfromtheirownpointofview;sometimessetupconfrontation.

Japanese:trytounderstandtheotherperson’spointofview;trytoreduceconfrontationandachieveharmony.2.Consensus

Opinion

VS

Bottom-upDirection

Westerners:proceedmostlyfromtopmanagementandoftendonotconsultmiddlemanagementortheworker.Japanese:travelupwardthroughanorganizationandhaveanimpactontheeventualdecision.3.WesternCommunicationStyleVSWesterners:deadlineapproach.

Japanese:thoroughjobapproach.Westerners:specificdecision.

Westerners:taketimeforin-depthplanning.JapaneseCommunicationStyle

Japanese:broaddirection.

Japanese:

moveforward,implementthedecision.Paras.13-17Thereisacommitmentandsenseofresponsibilitywhichhavenotyetbeendiscardedinthisageofmachines.(L47)

Examplesaregiventoillustratetheidea.NomuraSecurities:managetoescapethepapertrafficjam;mostinsistonstayinguntilthejobisdone.Matsushita:becomethemanagerofthesalesdepartment;willingtohelp.Nomuracompany:paybackforworkers’loyaltyandcommitment.Translation1.Aparticularpatternofmanagementbehaviordevelopsfromacomplexmixtureofuniqueculturalfactors—andwillonlyworkwithinagivenculture.(L9)某一特定的管理行为模式，是由于独特的文化因素复合发展而成的—因而仅在一定的文化中起作用。2.The“youtoyou”approachpracticedinJapanisbasedoneachside—automaticallyandoftenunconsciously—tryingtounderstandtheotherperson’spointofview.(L19)日本人所采用的“你对你”的方式则建立在各方—

自然而然地并常常是下意识地—力图理解对方观点的基础之上。3.ButwheretheAmericanispressingforaspecificdecision,theJapaneseistryingtodevisearatherbroaddirection.(L38)但美国人总是急于做出具体决策，而日本人却试着指定一个大方向。ChinesetoEnglishOldtoNewTranslation

I.OldtoNewdifficulttounderstandabletomovebetter,strongergoforadviceeasilydamagedthrowawaycomplexmobilesuperiorconsultdelicatediscardremovemakeaneffortabletochangefallbehindbegintodealwithpossiblehonestshowingexperiencedismissexertflexiblelagbehindcometogripswithfeasiblesinceresophisticatedII.ChinesetoEnglish

文化差异解决问题做决定工作稳定性文化因素解决问题的方法culturaldifferencessolvetheproblemmakeadecisionjobstabilityculturalfactorsanapproachtoaproblem区别坦率提出自己的观点共同努力减少对峙谋求和谐·····的(驱)动力distinguishfrompresentone’sargumentopenlymakemutualattemptsreduceconfrontationachieveharmonyadrivefor…对·····产生影响个人意见不同见解遇到难关解雇haveanimpactonpersonalviewdifferentperspectivehaveaverybadtimedismisssb.1.inferior

(L8)

a.

lowerinrank,quality,importance,etc.Translation便宜没好货。Key

Cheapergoodsaregenerallyofinferiorquality.III.Translation2.distinguishfrom(L15)

showthedifferencebetweenTranslation他的身高显出他与别的男孩不同。Key

Hewasdistinguishedfromtheotherboysbyhisheight.3.consensus(L22)

n.

acceptedopinionordecisionTranslation经过长时间的讨论，我们达成了一致意见。Key

Wehavereachedaconsensusafteralongdiscussion.4.owningto(L36)

becauseofTranslation因天气不好，比赛取消了。Key

Thematchwascancelledowingtothebadweather.5.dismiss(L64)

v.

sendawayTranslation课讲完了，老师让学生下课。Key

Thelessonendedandtheteacherdismissedtheclass.Discussion

Awritersaysthatawestern-styleconversationbetweentwopeopleislikeagameof

tennis(volleyball;tabletennis).AJapanese-styleconversation,however,islikebowling.Discussthedifferencesbetweenawestern-style

conversationandaJapanese-styleconversation.

TipsAwestern-styleconversation:roducingatopic