海商法课件第四章3

（4）Thestandardofseaworthiness:relativeseaworthy,

exerciseduediligence

ItisthesameastheHarterAct1893oftheUSHowever,inthecommonlawsystemthestandardofabsoluteseaworthinesshasbeenadopted

(5)Theindependentcontractor

(6)Thecausalrelationshipbetweendamageofgoodsandunseaworthiness

Case10ThechangeofdutyofmakingtheshipseaworthyundertheRotterdamRulesHowtounderstandsuchresponsibility(1)Toprovideashipasagreed(2)themeaningofmakingtheshipseaworthy:

narrowsensebroadsenseABCDErangerangerangerangevoyageDifferentlegaleffects:Case93.withoutunreasonabledeviationCMCarticle49

Anydeviationinsavingorattemptingtosavelifeorpropertyatseaoranyreasonabledeviationshallnotbedeemedtobeanactdeviatingfromtheprovisionsoftheprecedingparagraph.ReasonableDeviation

（1）It’sreasonableforbothparties（2）There’sadeviationclauseinB/Landactualdeviationdoesn’texceedthisscope.（3）There’snoseriousconflictbetweendeviationandthetaskofvoyage.（4）Otherreasonablecauses

Case11Thecarriershallcarrythegoodstotheportofdischargeontheagreedorcustomaryorgeographicallydirectroute.4.toreasonabledispatch

Theliabilitiesofdelayindelivery（CMC50（1）

）Article290ofContractLawSuggestionofamendments:PlanA:add"reasonabletime”PlanB:makeitclearthatdelayreferstofailtodeliverythegoodsinagreeddischargingportwithinagreedperiod.Article21oftheRotterdamRulesstatesthatdelayindeliverymeansfailtodeliverythegoodsinagreedplaceofthecontractwithinagreedperiod.agreedtimeorreasonabletime5.Liabilitytocompensatedamage

CMCArticle46(1)Payattentiontothecompensationforthedamagecausedbymixedcaused（CMC54）Itisdifferentfromarticle9ofUSCOGSA1999对可免责与不可免责的原因造成的货损，承运人或船舶对（1）索赔方能够证明归因于承运人违反义务或过失造成的灭失或损坏负责；（2）承运人证明归因于免责的原因造成的灭失、损坏不负责。如果不能区分，则负一半责任。Duringtheperiodthecarrierisinchargeofthegoods,thecarriershallbeliableforthelossofordamagetothegoods,exceptasotherwiseprovidedforinthisSection.

UNCITRALTransportLawDraft:thecarrierisresponsibleforhalfoftheliability

Article17(6)oftheRotterdamRules:Whenthecarrierisrelievedofpartofitsliabilitypursuanttothisarticle,thecarrierisliableonlyforthatpartoftheloss,damageordelaythatisattributabletotheeventorcircumstanceforwhichitisliablepursuanttothisarticle.

Theliabilityfordelayindeliveryofthecarrier

CMC50（2）（3）（4）：

Theliabilityforliveanimalsofthecarrier

CMC52

Theliabilityfordeckcargoofthecarrier

CMC53

Hb.R:Art.9RmR:Article25(2)Thebasicrightsofthecarrier

1.Therightofclaimsforfreight,deadfreight,demurrageandothercharges

advancefreight/freightprepaidFreight

freighttocollect/freightpayableatdestination

Article314ofContractLawWherethegoodsaredestroyedduetoforcemajeureduringtheperiodofcarriageandthefreighthasnotbeencollected,thecarriermaynotrequestthepaymentofthefreight.Wherethefreighthasbeencollected,theshippermayrequesttherefundofthefreight.

2.Lienoncargo:

CMC87，CMC88

Art315ofContractLaw：Wheretheshipperortheconsigneefailstopaythefreight,storageexpenseandothercarriageexpenses,thecarrierisentitledtolienontherelevantcarriedgoodsexceptasotherwiseagreeduponinthecontract.Article49oftheRotterdamRules:RetentionofgoodsNothinginthisConventionaffectsarightofthecarrieroraperformingpartythatmayexistpursuanttothecontractofcarriageortheapplicablelawtoretainthegoodstosecurethepaymentofsumsdue.3.Rightsofimmunities：CMC51

HagueRules:Art.4(2).

Thebasisofliabilityofthecarrier:incompletefaultliabilitysystemRmR：Article17(1)exceptionsofmanagementandnavigationoftheshipthedifferencebetweenmanagingshipandmanaginggoods:thetheoryofbehavioralobjectandthetheoryofpurpose(2)exemptionoffireTheburdenofproof:theclaimershouldproveit’sthefaultofthecarrier.(3)otherexemptions4.RightsofLOL（1）Theamountofcompensationforthegoodsandlimitofliabilitya.theamountofcompensationCMC55b.limitofliabilityCMC56，CMC57

HRarticle4(5):

Inanycaselimitofliabilityshouldn’texceed100poundsperpackageorpershippingunit.

HvRarticle4(5):

10000francsperpackageor30francsperkilogram,whicheveristhehigher;

The1979protocolofHvR:666.67SDRperpackageor2SDRperkilogram,whicheveristhehigher;

HbR:835SDRperpackageor2.5SDRperkilogramthelimitofliabilityofdelayindelivery:2.5timesofthefreight

Rm.R:875SDRperpackageor3SDRperkilogram

COSCOB/L：beforetheCMCwasenteredintoforce,article12:700RMBperpackageorpershippingunit.Currently,theLOLundertheCMCisapplied.Themeaningofpackage（图）（CMC56（2）（3））（2）Thesituationsunderwhichlimitofliabilitycan’tbequoted:

CMC56（3）Theconditionsofthelossoflimitofliability:

CMC59（sameasHvR、HbR）InanycaselimitofliabilityunderHRwon’tbelostunless

fundamentalbreachofcontract

happens:unreasonabledeviation,wrongdeliveryofgoodswithoutB/L,privateloadingofdeckcargoes,embezzlementoftheshippartyCase9Loadingofgoodshadbeencompleted.TheissuedbillofladingprovidedthatCMCwasapplicable.

Thepipesofonesideofrailsoftheshipwasfoundfrozenandblockedbeforethevoyage

Oneonshoreworkerwasinvitedonboardformeltingjobwithopenfires

Thethirdofficerdidn’ttelltheonshoreworkerthataroundthepipestherewerewoodenplates

Thepipeswereover-heatedanditcausedafireonboardwhichdamagedthegoods

Theshipperclaimedagainstthecarrierforthedamageofgoods.Questions:Whetherthecarriershouldbeliableforthedamage?Why?Iftheaccidenthappenedatintermediateport,wasthereanydifference?Testpoint:thecarrier’sobligationofmakingshipseaworthybeforethevoyageCMC第50（1）条

CMCArticle50(1)

货物未能在明确约定的时间内，在约定的卸货港交付的，为迟延交付。Delayindeliveryoccurswhenthegoodshavenotbeendeliveredatthedesignatedportofdischargewithinthetimeexpresslyagreedupon.CMC第54条

CMCArticle54

货物的灭失、损坏或者迟延交付是由于承运人或者承运人的受雇人、代理人的不能免除赔偿责任的原因和其他原因共同造成的，承运人仅在不能免除赔偿责任的范围内负赔偿责任；但是，承运人对其他原因造成的灭失、损坏或者迟延交付应当负举证责任。

Wherelossordamageordelayindeliveryhasoccurredfromcausesfromwhichthecarrierorhisservantoragentisnotentitledtoexonerationfromliability,togetherwithanothercause,thecarriershallbeliableonlytotheextentthattheloss,damageordelayindeliveryisattributabletothecausesfromwhichthecarrierisnotentitledtoexonerationfromliability;however,thecarriershallbeartheburdenofproofwithrespecttotheloss,damageordelayindeliveryresultingfromtheothercause.《鹿特丹规则》下的管货义务

theobligationofmanaginggoods第13条特定义务一、在第十二条规定的责任期内，除须遵循第二十六条的规定外，承运人应妥善而谨慎地接收、装载、操作、积载、运输、保管、照料、卸载并交付货物。二、虽有本条第一款规定，在不影响第四章其他规定以及第五章至第七章规定的情况下，承运人与托运人可以约定由托运人、单证托运人或收货人装载、操作、积载或卸载货物。此种约定应在合同事项中载明.Article13Specificobligations1.Thecarriershallduringtheperiodofitsresponsibilityasdefinedinarticle12,andsubjecttoarticle26,properlyandcarefullyreceive,load,handle,stow,carry,keep,carefor,unloadanddeliverthegoods.2.Notwithstandingparagraph1ofthisarticle,andwithoutprejudicetotheotherprovisionsinchapter4andtochapters5to7,thecarrierandtheshippermayagreethattheloading,handling,stowingorunloadingofthegoodsistobeperformedbytheshipper,thedocumentaryshipperortheconsignee.Suchanagreementshallbereferredtointhecontractparticulars.Case11ThebillofladingissuedbyshippingcompanyprovidedthatCMCwasapplicable.Questions:Whetherthecarriershouldbeliableforthelossofgoods?Why?Thepointofthiscase:unreasonabledeviationSwanLake

Destination：Constantinople

CallingportTheshipwerewreckedonareefandsank

twoshippingengineerswhotestedenergy-savingdevicesgetoffboard

thenegligenceofnavigator

CMC第50条

CMCArticle50货物未能在明确约定的时间内，在约定的卸货港交付的，为迟延交付。除依照本章规定承运人不负赔偿责任的情形外，由于承运人的过失，致使货物因迟延交付而灭失或者损坏的，承运人应当负赔偿责任。除依照本章规定承运人不负赔偿责任的情形外，由于承运人的过失，致使货物因迟延交付而遭受经济损失的，即使货物没有灭失或者损坏，承运人仍然应当负赔偿责任。承运人未能在本条第一款规定的时间届满六十日内交付货物，有权对货物灭失提出赔偿请求的人可以认为货物已经灭失。Delayindeliveryoccurswhenthegoodshavenotbeendeliveredatthedesignatedportofdischargewithinthetimeexpresslyagreedupon.Thecarriershallbeliableforthelossofordamagetothegoodscausedbydelayindeliveryduetothefaultofthecarrier,exceptthosearisingorresultingfromcausesforwhichthecarrierisnotliableasprovidedforintherelevantArticlesofthisChapter.Thecarriershallbeliablefortheeconomiclossescausedbydelayindeliveryofthegoodsduetothefaultofthecarrier,evenifnolossofordamagetothegoodshadactuallyoccurred,unlesssucheconomiclosseshadoccurredfromcausesforwhichthecarrierisnotliableasprovidedforintherelevantArticlesofthisChapter.Thepersonentitledtomakeaclaimforthelossofgoodsmaytreatthegoodsaslostwhenthecarrierhasnotdeliveredthegoodswithin60daysfromtheexpiryofthetimefordeliveryspecifiedinparagraph1ofthisArticle.

CMC第52条

CMCArticle52因运输活动物的固有的特殊风险造成活动物灭失或者损害的，承运人不负赔偿责任。但是，承运人应当证明业已履行托运人关于运输活动物特别要求，并证明根据实际情况，灭失或者损害是由于此种固有的特殊风险造成的。Thecarriershallnotbeliableforthelossofordamagetotheliveanimalsarisingorresultingfromthespecialrisksinherentinthecarriagethereof.However,thecarriershallbeboundtoprovethathehasfulfilledthespecialrequirementsoftheshipperwithregardtothecarriageoftheliveanimalsandthatunderthecircumstancesoftheseacarriage,thelossordamagehasoccurredduetothespecialrisksinherenttherein.CMC第53条

CMCArticle53

承运人在舱面上装载货物，应当同托运人达成协议，或者符合航运惯例，或者符合有关法律、行政法规的规定。承运人依照前款规定将货物装载在舱面上，对由于此种装载的特殊风险造成的货物灭失或者损坏，不负赔偿责任。承运人违反本条第一款规定将货物装载在舱面上，致使货物遭受灭失或者损坏的，应当负赔偿责任。Incasethecarrierintendstoshipthegoodsondeck,heshallcomeintoanagreementwiththeshipperorcomplywiththecustomofthetradeortherelevantlawsoradministrativerulesandregulations.Whenthegoodshavebeenshippedondeckinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheprecedingparagraph,thecarriershallnotbeliableforthelossofordamagetothegoodscausedbythespecialrisksinvolvedinsuchcarriage.Ifthecarrier,inbreachoftheprovisionsofthefirstparagraphofthisArticle,hasshippedthegoodsondeckandthegoodshaveconsequentlysufferedlossordamage,thecarriershallbeliabletherefor.Hb.R:Art.9

Hb.R:Art.91.承运人只有按照同托运人的协议或符合特定的贸易惯例，或依据法规的规章的要求，才有权在舱面上载运货物。2.如果承运人和托运人议定，货物应该或可以在舱面上载运，承运人必须在提单或证明海上运输合同的其他单证上载列相应说明。如无此项说明，承运人有责任证明，曾经达成在舱面上载运的协议。但承运人无权援引这种协议对抗包括收货人在内的，相信并持有提单的第三方。3.如违反本条第1款的规定将货物载运在舱面上，或承运人不能按照本条第2款援引在舱面上载运的协议，尽管有第五条第1款的规定，承运人仍须对仅由于在舱面上载运而造成的货物灭失或损坏以及延迟交付负赔偿责任，而其赔偿责任的限额，视情况分别按照本公约第六条或第八条的规定确定。4.违反将货物装载在舱内的明文协议而将货物装载在舱面，应视为第八条含义内的承运人的一种行为或不行为。1.Thecarrierisentitledtocarrythegoodsondeckonlyifsuchcarriageisinaccordancewithanagreementwiththeshipperorwiththeusageoftheparticulartradeorisrequiredbystatutoryrulesorregulations.2.Ifthecarrierandtheshipperhaveagreedthatthegoodsshallormaybecarriedondeck,thecarriermustinsertinthebillofladingorotherdocumentevidencingthecontractofcarriagebyseaastatementtothateffect.Intheabsenceofsuchastatementthecarrierhastheburdenofprovingthatanagreementforcarriageondeckhasbeenenteredinto;however,thecarrierisnotentitledtoinvokesuchanagreementagainstathirdparty,includingaconsignee,whohasacquiredthebillofladingingoodfaith.3.Wherethegoodshavebeencarriedondeckcontrarytotheprovisionsofparagraph1ofthisarticleorwherethecarriermaynotunderparagraph2ofthisarticleinvokeanagreementforcarriageondeck,thecarrier,notwithstandingtheprovisionsofparagraph1ofarticle5,isliableforlossofordamagetothegoods,aswellasfordelayindelivery,resultingsolelyfromthecarriageondeck,andtheextentofhisliabilityistobedeterminedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofarticle6orarticle8ofthisConvention,asthecasemaybe.4.Carriageofgoodsondeckcontrarytoexpressagreementforcarriageunderdeckisdeemedtobeanactoromissionofthecarrierwithinthemeaningofarticle8.第25条Article25Deckcargoonships

1.Goodsmaybecarriedonthedeckofashiponlyif:(a)Suchcarriageisrequiredbylaw;(b)Theyarecarriedinoroncontainersorvehiclesthatarefitfordeckcarriage,andthedecksarespeciallyfittedtocarrysuchcontainersorvehicles;or(c)Thecarriageondeckisinaccordancewiththecontractofcarriage,orthecustoms,usagesorpracticesofthetradeinquestion.2.TheprovisionsofthisConventionrelatingtotheliabilityofthecarrierapplytothelossof,damagetoordelayinthedeliveryofgoodscarriedondeckpursuanttoparagraph1ofthisarticle,butthecarrierisnotliableforlossofordamagetosuchgoods,ordelayintheirdelivery,causedbythespecialrisksinvolvedintheircarriageondeckwhenthegoodsarecarriedinaccordancewithsubparagraphs1(a)or(c)ofthisarticle.3.Ifthegoodshavebeencarriedondeckincasesotherthanthosepermittedpursuanttoparagraph1ofthisarticle,thecarrierisliableforlossofordamagetothegoodsordelayintheirdeliverythatisexclusivelycausedbytheircarriageondeck,andisnotentitledtothedefencesprovidedforinarticle17.4.Thecarrierisnotentitledtoinvokesubparagraph1(c)ofthisarticleagainstathirdpartythathasacquiredanegotiabletransportdocumentoranegotiableelectronictransportrecordingoodfaith,unlessthecontractparticularsstatethatthegoodsmaybecarriedondeck.5.Ifthecarrierandshipperexpresslyagreedthatthegoodswouldbecarriedunderdeck,thecarrierisnotentitledtothebenefitofthelimitationofliabilityforanylossof,damagetoordelayinthedeliveryofthegoodstotheextentthatsuchloss,damage,ordelayresultedfromtheircarriageondeck.CMC第87条

CMCArticle87

应当向承运人支付的运费、共同海损分摊、滞期费和承运人为货物垫付的必要费用以及应当向承运人支付的其他费用没有付清，又没有提供适当担保的，承运人可以在合理的限度内留置其货物。

Ifthefreight,contributioningeneralaverage,demurragetobepaidtothecarrierandothernecessarychargespaidbythecarrieronbehalfoftheownerofthegoodsaswellasotherchargestobepaidtothecarrierhavenotbeenpaidinfull,norhasappropriatesecuritybeengiven,thecarriermayhavealien,toareasonableextent,onthegoods.CMC第88条

CMCArticle88

承运人根据本法第八十七条规定留置的货物，自船舶抵达卸货港的次日起满六十日无人提取的，承运人可以申请法院裁定拍卖；货物易腐烂变质或者货物的保管费用可能超过其价值的，可以申请提前拍卖。拍卖所得价款，用于清偿保管、拍卖货物的费用和运费以及应当向承运人支付的其他有关费用；不足的金额，承运人有权向托运人追偿；剩余的金额，退还托运人；无法退还、自拍卖之日起满一年又无人领取的，上缴国库。

IfthegoodsunderlieninaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle87ofthisCodehavenotbeentakendeliveryofwithin60daysfromthenextdayoftheship'sarrivalattheportofdischarge,thecarriermayapplytothecourtforanorderonsellingthegoodsbyauction.wherethegoodsareperishableortheexpensesforkeepingsuchgoodswouldexceedtheirvalue,thecarriermayapplyforanearliersalebyauction.Theproceedsfromtheauctionsaleshallbeusedtopayofftheexpensesforthestorageandauctionsaleofthegoods,thefreightandotherrelatedchargestobepaidtothecarrier.Iftheproceedsfallshortofsuchexpenses,thecarrierisentitledtoclaimthedifferencefromtheshipper,whereasanyamountinsurplusshallberefundedtotheshipper.Ifthereisnowaytomaketherefundandsuchsurplusamounthasnotbeenclaimedattheendofonefullyearaftertheauctionsale,itshallgototheStateTreasury.CMC第51条

Thecarriershallnotbeliableforthelossofordamagetothegoodsoccurredduringtheperiodofcarrier'sresponsibilityarisingorresultingfromanyofthefollowingcauses:(1)FaultoftheMaster,crewmembers,pilotorservantofthecarrierinthenavigationormanagementoftheship;(2)Fire,unlesscausedbytheactualfaultofthecarrier;(3)Forcemajeureandperils,dangersandaccidentsoftheseaorothernavigablewaters;(4)Warorarmedconflict;(5)Actofthegovernmentorcompetentauthorities,quarantinerestrictionsorseizureunderlegalprocess;(6)Strikes,stoppagesorrestraintoflabour(7)Savingorattemptingtosavelifeorpropertyatsea;(8)Actoftheshipper,ownerofthegoodsortheiragents;(9)Natureorinherentviceofthegoods;(10)Inadequacyofpackingorinsufficiencyorillegibilityofmarks;(11)Latentdefectoftheshipnotdiscoverablebyduediligence;(12)AnyothercausesarisingwithoutthefaultofthecarrierorhisservantoragentThecarrierwhoisentitledtoexonerationfromtheliabilityforcompensationasprovidedforintheprecedingparagraphshall,withtheexceptionofthecausesgiveninsub-paragraph(2),beartheburdenofproof.第17条

Article17赔偿责任基础一、如果索赔人证明，货物灭失、损坏或迟延交付，或造成、促成了灭失、损坏或迟延交付的事件或情形是在第四章规定的承运人责任期内发生的，承运人应对货物灭失、损坏和迟延交付负赔偿责任。二、如果承运人证明，灭失、损坏或迟延交付的原因或原因之一不能归责于承运人本人的过失或第十八条述及的任何人的过失，可免除承运人根据本条第一款所负的全部或部分赔偿责任。Basisofliability

1.Thecarrierisliableforlossofordamagetothegoods,aswellasfordelayindelivery,iftheclaimantprovesthattheloss,damage,ordelay,ortheeventorcircumstancethatcausedorcontributedtoittookplaceduringtheperiodofthecarrier’sresponsibilityasdefinedinchapter4.2.Thecarrierisrelievedofallorpartofitsliabilitypursuanttoparagraph1ofthisarticleifitprovesthatthecauseoroneofthecausesoftheloss,damage,ordelayisnotattributabletoitsfaultortothefaultofanypersonreferredtoinarticle18.三、除证明不存在本条第二款所述的过失之外，如果承运人证明下列一种或数种事件或情形造成、促成了灭失、损坏或迟延交付，也可免除承运人根据本条第一款规定所负的全部或部分赔偿责任：㈠天灾；㈡海上或其他通航水域的风险、危险和事故；㈢战争、敌对行动、武装冲突、海盗、恐怖活动、暴乱和内乱；㈣检疫限制；政府、公共当局、统治者或民众的干涉或造成的障碍，包括非由承运人或第十八条述及的任何人所造成的滞留、扣留或扣押；㈤罢工、关厂、停工或劳动受限；㈥船上发生火灾；㈦虽恪尽职守仍无法发现的潜在缺陷；

Thecarrierisalsorelievedofallorpartofitsliabilitypursuanttoparagraph1ofthisarticleif,alternativelytoprovingtheabsenceoffaultasprovidedinparagraph2ofthisarticle,itprovesthatoneormoreofthefollowingeventsorcircumstancescausedorcontributedtotheloss,damage,ordelay:(a)ActofGod;(b)Perils,dangers,andaccidentsoftheseaorothernavigablewaters;(c)War,hostilities,armedconflict,piracy,terrorism,riots,andcivilcommotions;(d)Quarantinerestrictions;interferencebyorimpedimentscreatedbygovernments,publicauthorities,rulers,orpeopleincludingdetention,arrest,orseizurenotattributabletothecarrieroranypersonreferredtoinarticle18;(e)Strikes,lockouts,stoppages,orrestraintsoflabour;(f)Fireontheship;(g)Latentdefectsnotdiscoverablebyduediligence;㈧托运人、单证托运人、控制方或根据第三十三条或第三十四条托运人或单证托运人对其作为承担责任的其他任何人的作为或不作为；㈨按照第十三条第二款所述及的约定进行的货物装载、操作、积载或卸载，除非承运人或履约方代表托运人、单证托运人或收货人实施此项活动；㈩由于货物固有缺陷、品质或瑕疵而造成的数量或重量损耗或其他任何灭失或损坏；(十一)非由承运人或代其行事的人所做包装不良或标志欠缺、不清；(十二)海上救助或试图救助人命；(十三)海上救助或试图救助财产的合理措施；(十四)避免或试图避免对环境造成危害的合理措施；或(十五)承运人根据第十五条和第十六条所赋权利的作为。（完）(h)Actoromissionoftheshipper,thedocumentaryshipper,thecontrollingparty,oranyotherpersonforwhoseactstheshipperorthedocumentaryshipperisliablepursuanttoarticle33or34;(i)Loading,handling,stowing,orunloadingofthegoodsperformedpursuanttoanagreementinaccordancewitharticle13,paragraph2,unlessthecarrieroraperformingpartyperformssuchactivityonbehalfoftheshipper,thedocumentaryshipperortheconsignee;(j)Wastageinbulkorweightoranyotherlossordamagearisingfrominherentdefect,quality,orviceofthegoods;(k)Insufficiencyordefectiveconditionofpackingormarkingnotperformedbyoronbehalfofthecarrier;(l)Savingorattemptingtosavelifeatsea;(m)Reasonablemeasurestosaveorattempttosavepropertyatsea;(n)Reasonablemeasurestoavoidorattempttoavoiddamagetotheenvironment;or(o)Actsofthecarrierinpursuanceofthepowersconferredbyarticles15and16.CMC第55条

CMCArticle55货物灭失的赔偿额，按照货物的实际价值计算；货物损坏的赔偿额，按照货物受损前后实际价值的差额或者货物的修复费用计算。货物的实际价值，按照货物装船时的价值加保险费加运费计算。前款规定的货物实际价值，赔偿时应当减去因货物灭失或者损坏而少付或者免付的有关费用。Theamountofindemnityforthelossofthegoodsshallbecalculatedonthebasisoftheactualvalueofthegoodssolost,whilethatforthedamagetothegoodsshallbecalculatedonthebasisofthedifferencebetweenthevaluesofthegoodsbeforeandafterthedamage,oronthebasisoftheexpensesfortherepair.Theactualvalueshallbethevalueofthegoodsatthetimeofshipmentplusinsuranceandfreight.Fromtheactualvaluereferredtointheprecedingparagraph,deductionshallbemade,atthetimeofcompensation,oftheexpensesthathadbeenreducedoravoidedasaresultofthelossordamageoccurred.CMC第56条

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承运人对货物的灭失或者损坏的赔偿限额，按照货物件数或者其他货运单位数计算，每件或者每个其他货运单位为666.67计算单位，或者按照货物毛重计算，每公斤为2计算单位，以二者中赔偿限额较高的为准。但是，托运人在货物装运前已经申报其性质和价值，并在提单中载明的，或者承运人与托运人已经另行约定高于本条规定的赔偿限额的除外。Thecarrier'sliabilityforthelossofordamagetothegoodsshallbelimitedtoanamountequivalentto666.67UnitsofAccountperpackageorothershippingunit,or2UnitsofAccountperkilogrammeofthegrossweightofthegoodslostordamaged,whicheveristhehigher,exceptwherethenatureandvalueofthegoodshadbeendeclaredbytheshipperbeforeshipmentandinsertedinthebilloflading,orwhereahigheramountthantheamountoflimitationofliabilitysetoutinthisArticlehadbeenagreeduponbetweenthecarrierandtheshipper.CMC第57条

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承运人对货物因迟延交付造成经济损失的赔偿限额，为所迟延交付的货物的运费数额。货物的灭失或者损坏和迟延交付同时发生的，承运人的赔偿责任限额适用本法第五十六条第一款规定的限额。Theliabilityofthecarrierfortheeconomiclos