第2章3 楼宇供配电系统(英文)

Chapter2

Powersupplyanddistributionsystem2.1Introduction2.2Typicalsysteminsidethebuilding2.3systemdiagramreading2.4monitoringsystem2.5Examples1whatkindofdistributionsystem?2Residenceinformation?unit/floor3powerlineincome?4Maindistributionpanel?5Unitdistributionpanel?6Familydistributionpanel?7cablebox?8specificationofthemainswitch?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)1whatkindofdistributionsystem?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)◆Distributionsystemforresidencebuilding2Residenceinformation?unit/floor2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)◆sixfloor/threeunit3powerlineincome?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)◆Cableinput◆cablejointincableboxDJR4Maindistributionpanel?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)◆MaindistributionpanelAL-1-1GM100H-3300/63AGM225H-3300/160AGM100H-3300/63AGM100H-3300/63AXA10-1P-C6AAL-1-1DJPR-600×600×180DJR-600×600×1801L-3×25+2×16-SC50-FC.WC4L-3×25-SC15-WCResidencedistributionsystem4Maindistributionpanel?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)◆MaindistributionpanelAL-1-1◆specificationofthemainswitch

GM225H-3300/160A●33pthreepoleswires●3meansthereisacompoundtrip●00noaccessories

●

160Asettingvalueforcontactors

表示触头动作整定电流5Unitdistributionpanel?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)5Unitdistributionpanel?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)FourbranchfromAL-1-11L\2L\3L\4L,threephaseforeachbranchtounitdistributionpanel

AL-1-2DJDR-05-600×700×160WhWhWhLLXA10-1P-C6AXA10-3P-50AXA10-1P-C6AXA10-1P-C20AXA10-1P-C20A4L3L2L1LThreemeterslongdistancetransmissionPubliclightingkilowatt-hourmeter;watt-hourmeter;electricmeter

Luserdistributionpanel5Unitdistributionpanel?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)XA10-3P-50Aratedcurrent50A6Familydistributionpanel?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)LuserdistributionpanelXA10-1P-C20AXA10LE-1/2-16A(30mA)L2XA10LE-1/2-16A(30mA)L3lightingsocketsocketSystemdiagramofuserdistributionpanel(L)系统图LEforleakprotection½2pole(ahotandaneutral)16Acapacity30mAactuatingcurrentforcircuitbreaker1GL-630/3PK630A三相负荷隔离开关，装在PK电控柜里面2YJV22－4*95－SC100－FCWC4根95个平方的交联聚氯乙烯电缆穿SC（钢管）100（埋地）WC（墙内敷设）3CM1L250H/4P-200A+Vigi300mA,0.3SCM1L表示CM1系列带漏电(剩余电流)保护的塑壳断路器250表示壳架等级电流为250A，4P表示四极(L1、L2、L3、N);200A表示额定电流为200安培;Vigi300mA表示漏电动作电流为300毫安;0.3s表示漏电保护动作时间小于等于0.3秒

2.7

问题讨论☻1

LeakageProtection

关于漏电开关？Zerosequenceprotection零序电流保护Zerosequenceprotection零序电流保护Zerosequenceprotection零序电流保护Residualcurrentprotection剩余电流保护Voltage

Dependent

ResistorResidualcurrentprotection剩余电流保护A

residual-currentdevice

(RCD),or

residual-currentcircuitbreaker

(RCCB)

isanelectricalwiring

devicethatdisconnectsacircuitwheneveritdetectsthatthe

electriccurrent

isnotbalancedbetweentheenergized(line)conductor(s)andthereturn(neutral)conductor.Innormalcircumstances,thesetwowiresareexpectedtocarrymatchingcurrents,andanydifferenceusuallyindicatesa

shortcircuit

.Acurrentofaround30mA

(0.030

Amps)ispotentiallysufficienttocause

cardiacarrestorseriousharmifitpersistsformorethanasmallfractionofasecond.RCDaredesignedtodisconnecttheconductingwiresquicklyenoughtopreventseriousinjuryfromsuchshocks.(ThisiscommonlydescribedastheRCDbeing"tripped".)RCD

Singlephaseleakageprotection单相漏电保护Singlephaseleakageprotection单相漏电保护漏电开关Singlephaseleakageprotection单相漏电保护日产日本三菱（Mitsubishi）、富士（Fuji）、歐姆龍（Ormon）、東芝（Toshiba）漏电开关Singlephaseleakageprotection单相漏电保护美国产漏电开关Singlephaseleakageprotection单相漏电保护☻2CircuitBreaker关于空气开关（断路器）？为什么空气开关有这么多样子？有什么区别？CircuitBreaker？

1P220VHotonly2P220VHotandNeutrul3P380VThreehotlines4P

380V

ThreehotlinesandNeutralCircuitBreaker？1F2F3F4F5F6F53333333333335333333333333554433554433☻3About

balanceofthreephase？

★AccordingtotheresidentialhousingareaUnder60m2:4~5kW；60m2~100m2:5kW~6kW；100m2:8kW~12kW；150m218~20kW★RequirementSingle-phasefor8kWandbelow.Three-phaseforover8kW.

☻4Aboutresidentialpowersupplycapacity☻5Electricsilo？◆Path:forheavyandlightcurrentwires

◆Types:有强电井、弱电井，也有强弱结合，这时强弱电干线之间采取隔离措施，以免干扰。◆Wiring:竖井内可采用金属管、金属线槽、电缆、电缆桥架和封闭母线◆Onefor600m2一Concept:

在电气竖井内，如果除敷设干线回路外，还设置各层的电力、照明分配电箱及弱电设备的端子箱等电气设备，则称为电气小间。(2)Characteristics:◆竖井的一部分◆每个楼层上都有◆每层均设向外开的小门☻6Switching

room?配电小间内有什么?电气竖井就是从建筑物的底层到顶层留出的一条井道。竖井在每个楼层设有配电小间，每层都有楼板隔开，只留出不同尺寸的孔洞☻6Switching

room?

What’s

inside?Insidetheswitchingroom:Power

line电力干线Powerdistributionpanel动力配电箱Lightingdistributionpanel照明配电箱Junctionbox

forphone电话汇接箱ClosedCircuitTV闭路电视Computer

controlsystem电脑控制系统☻6Switching

room?

What’s

inside?奇胜（Clipsal），梅兰日兰

西门子ABB一直是该产品生产领域的佼佼者，产品性能稳定，质量可靠。

☻7Brand品牌是质量的保证Chapter2

Powersupplyanddistributionsystem2.1Introduction2.2Typicalsysteminsidethebuilding2.3systemdiagramreading2.4monitoringsystem2.5Examples2.4Monitoringsystem2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

2.4Monitoringsystem◆Powerlinecarrier（优点）◆Powergridproblem

（波形畸变、高次谐波）◆Pollution（原因、危害、解决）ⅠReliabilityofpowersupplyⅡQualityofpowersupply2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

Ⅲ

Voltage偏离和波动（危害和解决办法）

Ⅳ

Frequency电源频率（速度、阻抗）

Ⅴ

Balancedthree-phase

三相平衡2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

2.4MonitoringsystemⅠReliabilityofpowersupply2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

10kVBusS1S2MainSpare主备10kVBusS1S2Power1Power2TieswitchFireliftFireprotectionEmergencylightingHalllightinggeneratorMainIMainIIEmergencybusUPScomputerImportantloadinterlockGmainsupply380V/220VbusbarTransformer10kV/400V380V/220Vspare2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

2.4Monitoringsystem◆Powerlinecarrier（优点）◆Powergridproblem

（波形畸变、高次谐波）◆Pollution（原因、危害、解决）ⅠReliabilityofpowersupplyⅡQualityofpowersupply2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

Ⅲ

Voltage偏离和波动（危害和解决办法）

Ⅳ

Frequency电源频率（速度、阻抗）

Ⅴ

Balancedthree-phase

三相平衡2.4Monitoringsystem2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

IBMSurvey

Report

2.4Monitoringsystem2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

Reliability:如惠普公司集成电路工厂停电20分钟将引起3000万美元损失。Threephasebalance:大量电力电子装置的使用、电容投切等造成负荷不对称并引起严重的电能质量问题。Voltagedeviation:电压低于0.9额定值时，某些电动机将不能正常工作。High-orderHarmonics:高次谐波会导致对精密电子设备工作的干扰和电器设备的异常发热，造成设备的永久性损坏。Frequency:供电电压的频率变化，则直接影响各种电气设备正常运行。2.4Monitoringsystem2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

Chips当电压低于85％时，测试仪停止工作，芯片、主板可能被毁；PLC

早期的产品，当电压低于10％时，仍能持续工作15个周波新版产品，当电压低于(50～60)％时，PLC停止工作；而2

年后资料表明，当电压低于81％时，PLC停止工作；ROBOAT

由机器人控制对金属部件进行钻、切割等精密加工的机械工 具，为保证产品质量和安全，工作电压槛值一般设为90％，当电压低于此值、持续时间超过2～3个周波时，被跳闸。

DCMotor当电压低于80％时，直流电机被跳闸。VVVF当电压低于70％，持续时间超过6个周波时，VSD被切除。 而对于一些精细加工业中的电机，当电压低于90％、持续时 间超过3个周波时，电机就会被跳闸而退出运行。

研究表明：当电压低于50％～70％、持续时间超过1个周波，接Contacter触器就会脱扣。

Computer当电压低于60％，持续时间超过12个周波时，计算工作将 到影响，如数据丢失。2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

2.4Monitoringsystem◆Powerlinecarrier（优点）◆Powergridproblem

（波形畸变、高次谐波）◆Pollution（原因、危害、解决）ⅠReliabilityofpowersupplyⅡQualityofpowersupply2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

Ⅲ

Voltage偏离和波动（危害和解决办法）

Ⅳ

Frequency电源频率（速度、阻抗）

Ⅴ

Balancedthree-phase

三相平衡2.4.2FunctionofMonitoringsystem

◆Differentsymbolandcoloronthescreen

表示接通、分断、短路或过载等各种运行状态，◆Voiceorwordalarm

方便值班工作人员及时处理故障。◆Equipmentsstatus

柴油发动机、UPS应急电源等应有相应状态显示。ⅠStatusMonitoring

:Thestatusofcircuitbreakersandrelays2.4.2FunctionofMonitoringsystem

2.4MonitoringsystemInterfaceofpowersupplyanddistributingsystem

电压、电流、频率、变压器温度、有功功率、无功功率、功率因数等，以及柴油发电机等其他设备的运行参数。◆Mainparameters:Ⅱ

OperationParameters◆Mainfunctions:自动测量、记录存盘、超限报警。2.4.2FunctionofMonitoringsystem

2.4Monitoringsystem◆Sound&LightAlarm

运行过程中发生故障，供配电设备监控系统应立即发出声光报警。◆Displaytheinterfacewhichindicatethefailure以便值班人员及时地处理故障。◆Restore

只有在故障消除后，显示的故障状态图标才会恢复为正常的运行状态图标。

faultclearanceFaultIconⅢ

Faultmonitoringsystem:2.4.2FunctionofMonitoringsystem

2.4Monitoringsystem◆Acquisitionandstorage

定时采集并存储运行参数，◆LoadChart

能自动生成日负荷表及年度报表。◆RecordandArchive

操作记录均能自动记录存档，◆Predictionandanalysis

对负荷曲线进行趋势预测和分析，提出改进方案。Ⅳ

Faultrecords:2.4.2FunctionofMonitoringsystem

2.4MonitoringsystemThreelayers：现场I/O、控制层和管理层。（开关柜）I/OI/OcontrolI/OFieldbus（MODBUS）I/OI/OcontrolI/OFieldbus（MODBUS）I/OI/OcontrolI/OFieldbus（MODBUS）BACnet工业以太网Managementlayer（PLC，工控PC，DDC）DatabaseMonitoringcomputer2.4.3Systemconstitution

2.4.3Systemconstitution2.4MonitoringsystemFieldI/OlayerControllayerEquipmentEquipmentEquipmentEquipmentEquipmentEquipmentFieldI/OModernI/O:intelligentcircuitbreaker,RemoteDataAcquisitionModule,RTU(RemoteTerminalUnit),measuringandcontroling测量常用的电力参数,如三相电压、电流、有功功率、无功功率、频率、功率因数，可同时显示多个测量参数和电网系统的运行参数。2.4.3Systemconstitution

2.4MonitoringsystemRTUpowermeasuringandcontrolingVoltagetransducerSpecificationsInput3Phase,0-150Vac.,0-300Vac.Powersupply110Vac.,220Vac.Operatingtemperature0-50CWringScrewterminalsMountingWallmountDimensionW132xH132xD162mm.Orderinginformation

SpecifyInput,Output,PowersupplyExampleVT195/0-150Vac/4-20mA/220Vac.VoltagetransducerCurrenttransducer电流变送器温度变送器频率变送器功率变送器智能变送器CurrenttransducerCurrenttransducerPowertransducerfrequencytransducerTemperaturetransducerIntelligentTemperatureTransducer2.4.4Typeofsignal2.4.4Typeofsignal

◆voltage电压◆current电流◆temperature温度◆power功率ⅠAI(analoginput)

模拟量Ⅱ

DI(digitalinput)数字量◆circuitbreaker

断路器◆switch开关2.4Monitoringsystem

fQPwTEVTITФTEФVT

fQPwITAIDIAIAIAI3AIDIDIDI3AIAIAIAIDIAI2.4.4Typeofsignal2.4Monitoringsystem2.5LoadcalculationDemandCoefficientMethod（需要系数法）1GrouploadcalculationActivepowerPc=kdPN(kW)ReactivepowerQc=Pctgφ

(kVar)ApparentpowerCurrentSc=√Pc2+Qc2Ic=Sc3UNLPc—groupcapacity

kd

—demandcoefficientUNL—linevoltage2Totalloadcalculation∑Pc=k∑∑(

kdPN)∑Qc=k∑∑(Pctgφ)Sc=√(∑Pc)2+(∑

Qc)2∑Pc=k∑∑(

kdPN)∑Qc=k∑∑(Pctgφ)Example

Aworkshopwith380Vpowersupply.Thereare20electricmachines（electricmotor11kW1，5.5kW4，3kW10,2.2kW5），4blower(2.6kW4)，electricfurnace(2kW4)，Trytodotheloadcalculation。

checkthetableforthepowerfactorandcoefficient1Grouploadcalculation2Totalloadcalculation◆electricmachinegroup查表

kd=0.2cosφ=0.6tgφ=1.33Pc1=kdPN1=

0.2×74=14.8(kW)Qc1=Pctgφ1

=14.8×1.33=19.68(kVar)◆blowergroup查表

kd=0.7cosφ=0.8tgφ=0.75Pc2=kdPN2=0.7×10.4=7.28(kW)Qc2=Pctgφ2

=7.28×0.75=5.46(kVar)◆electricfurnace查表

kd=0.65cosφ=0.95tgφ=0.33Pc3=kdPN3=0.65×8=5.2(kW)Qc3=Pctgφ3=5.2×0.33=1.72(kVar)1GrouploadcalculationSc=√(∑Pc)2+(∑

Qc)2∑Pc=k∑∑(

kdPN)=0.9×(14.8+7.28+1.72)=24.6kW∑Qc=k∑∑(Pctgφ)=0.9×(19.68+5.46+1.72)=24.2kVar=34.5kVAIc=Sc3UNL=52.5A查表k∑=0.92Totalloadcalculation需用系数法负荷计算表工程名称:

工号：

序用电设备组回台设备容量需要系数电压COSφtgφ计算负荷变压器(千伏安)号名

称规格路数Pe(千瓦)KcKVPjs(KW)Q(Kvar)S(KVA)Ijs(A)开关导线选择1冷加工组

20740.23800.61.3314.8019.7324.6737.48

2通风机组

410.40.73800.80.757.285.469.1013.83

3电阻炉

280.653800.950.335.201.715.478.32

222

以上功率合计92.4

0.712

27.2826.9038.3158.21

取同时系数0.9

补偿后功率因数0.85

总负荷补偿前

0.7120.9924.5524.2134.4852.39

总负荷补偿后

0.850.6224.5515.2228.8843.89

无功补偿

9.00

需用系数法负荷计算表工程名称:

工号：

序用电设备组相台设备容量需要系数电压COSφtgφ计算负荷变压器(千伏安)号名

称规格数数Pe(千瓦)KcKVPjs(KW)Q(Kvar)S(KVA)Ijs(A)开关导线选择1冷加工组

A2060.452200.51.732.704.685.4024.55

2通风机组

B470.72200.90.484.902.375.4424.75

3电阻炉

C270.42200.51.732.804.855.6025.45

D

750.23800.90.4815