初三中考阅读讲解

中考英语阅读理解词义猜测与推理判断技能训练Aims阅读理解中词义猜测技能训练

Guessingskills2.阅读理解中推理判断技能训练

Inferringskills词义猜测技能训练题型特点：1、根据语境猜测生词、短语、句子的意思，或者推断熟词生义;2、根据语境判断代词指代的内容。标志性词汇：underlinedwordmeanreferto(指的是)bereplacedbytaketheplaceofbetheclosestmeaningto

题干形式：1.Theunderlinedword“…”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans“___”.2.Theunderlinedword“…”inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto____.3.What’sthemeaningoftheword“…”inthepassage?4.Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph4probablyrefersto____.5.Thephrase“…”(Paragraph2)canbestbereplacedby____.词义猜测解题技巧猜上下文经验常识构词法定义Areyouready?1.Alinguist,anexpertonlanguages,isalwayslistening.4.Travelersindesertsalwaysbringwiththemcompasses,akindofveryhelpfulinstrumentsthathelpthemtoknowthedirections.3.IhavefoundLucy’squitegenerous,forexample,whenevershemeetsabeggar,shegivessomemoneytohim.4.Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisfriends,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.词义猜测例题-1语言学家（定义）指南针（常识）慷慨的（上下文）不能通行的构词法Youcandoit!1.Thepolicemanaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.jobB.studyC.nameD.interest.2.Heansweredquickly,butafterheconsideredtheproblemmorecarefully,heregrettedhavingmadesuchahastydecision.A.carefulB.hardC.goodD.quick词义猜测例题-2Pair-work

SammieWelchwastravelingwithherthree-year-oldsonRylanfromBirminghamtoPlymouthlastThursday.Shetriedtokeephimhappyonthejourney.“Hewaseatinghisdinner!Wewerelaughingatthefactthathekeptcallinghisgrapesstrawberries,”MsWelchsaid.“Henormallygetsquiteboredandrowdyonlongtrains.SowewereplayingtogetherandIwastryingtokeephimhappyandquietasmuchasIcould.”Theunderlinedword“rowdy”inthefirstparagraphmaymean_________.A.upsetB.noisyC.luckyD.smart词义猜测例题-3词义猜测技巧小结猜上下文经验常识构词法定义推理判断技能训练题型特点：推理判断题主要考查学生对文章言外之意的理解.一般根据已知的材料，推断深层次或未知的信息。标志性词汇：(1).实意动词：infer(推断)

imply/suggest(暗示)

conclude(推理)intend(打算，意图)purpose(目的)learnmean

describe

(2).表示推测的情态动词：can，could，might，would(3).表示可能性的副词：probably，mostlikely

推理判断题的主要类型推断隐含意义推断文章出处推断情绪情感推断观点态度推断作者读者推断写作目的1.推断隐含意义

根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。题干形式：1.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat______.2.Whatcanbeinferred(推论)fromParagraph3?3.Whatdoesthelastsentenceofthepassageimply(暗示)?4.Itcanbeconcluded(得出结论)that_____.推理判断技能-1

解题方法：1.找到相关信息点；2.理解信息点的字面意义；3.结合语境，进行逻辑推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。

干扰项特点：1.似是而非：只是对原文信息的简单重复，而不是依据文章提供的事实推断出来的结论。2.夸大事实：夸大文章的事实或证据。3.推理过度：选项过于绝对化或片面化，有时出现only,all等词语，结论不符合逻辑。4.掺入常识；选项根据常识是正确的，但不是文章中的证据推断出来的结论。

Haveatry!Bodylanguageisthemostpowerfullanguageofall.Ourbodymovementsexpressabout50%ofwhatwereallymean.Andwordsthemselvesonlydo7%.Sowhileyourmouthisclosed,itisyourbodylanguagethatisexpressing.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Theimportanceofbodylanguage.B.Thedevelopmentofbodylanguage.C.Thebestwaytocommunicatewithothers.D.Howtoavoidmakingmistakesattheoffice.推断隐含意义例题2.推断观点态度

推断作者对某事或某人的看法或观点态度。

题干形式：1.Accordingtotheauthor,_______.2.Thewriter’sattitudetoward…is_______.3.Whatistheauthor’sopinionof…?4.Howdidthewriterthinkof/feelabout…?

推理判断技能-2

解题方法:根据文章内容和作者的措辞推断其观点态度是positive(肯定的)、negative(否定的)、subjective(主观的)、objective(客观的)、complaining(抱怨的)、regretful(后悔的)、admiring(赞赏的)、critical(批评的)、dissatisfied(不满意的)、respectful(有礼貌的)、disapproving(反对的)

、doubtful(怀疑的)干扰项特点：

干扰项符合某些考生的观点或看法，但文中没有信息支持；

干扰项与文章无关或与作者的观点相反。切忌：主观臆断Yes，Ican!Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews?AllIreadaboutisrobbery,disasters,anddeath.Tobehonest,I’msickofallthisbadnews.Thiswriteris_____thenewspaperreporting.A.pleasedwithB.patientwithC.notsatisfiedwithD.notangrywith推断观点态度例题3.推断情绪情感

推断作者或文中人物在某种特定情境下的情感状态。

题干形式：1.Howdidtheauthorfeelabout…?2.Howdidtheauthorprobablyfeelafter…?3.Whatdosbthinkofsth?

解题方法：1.注意勾画出表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词；2.作者当时的情感状态可能是：happy、excited、proud、surprised/shocked、worried、upset、frightful、regretful.3.要站在作者或文中人物的角度，设身处地体会其真实情感。

推理判断技能-3Wecanmakeit!

Johnstonneverforgotawonderfulrideinthemountains.TheridewaschallengingforJohnston,Hehadlittleexperienceonahorseandhelostbothlegs,buthesaidhefeltgreat.Johnston’shorsewascalledSplash.JohnstonsoondiscoveredthatSplashwouldwalkawaywhenhewantedtogetonhim.Itmadehimangry.Johnstonlearnedtogetalongwithhim.ThenSplashbecamemuchmorewillingtoserve.“Hewastheperfecthorseforme.Itriedmybesttoridehimintheday.”Johnstonsaid.WhatdidJohnstonthinkofhisexperience?A.WonderfulB.BoringC.DangerousD.Disappointing.推断情绪情感例题-1

YaleUniversity(耶鲁大学)wantedtokickout(开除)ahistorystudentbecausesheistoothin.ThegirlisfromNewJersey,WhosenameisFrancesChan.Sheisn’ttallandweighs90pounds.Theuniversityaskedhertofeedherselfonchocolateandicecreammoresothatshecangetsomeweightsoon.Theweightofthebodyshouldnotbetheonlywaytobalancepeople’shealthinlife.WhatdoesthewriterthinkofYaleUniversity’sdecision?A.UnfairB.CommonC.InterestingD.Right.推断情绪情感例题-24.推断写作目的

根据文章内容，推断出作者写这篇文章的目的或意图；在理解故事大意的基础上提炼故事的寓意。题干形式：1.Theauthorintendsto______.2.Thepassageisintendedto______.3.Thepurposeofthepassage/textisto____.4.Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthisarticleisto_______.5.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthistext?6.Whichoftheseoldsayingsbestsuitsthestory’slessonforus?7.Whichproverbbestmatchesthestory?推理判断技能-4解题方法：1.主旨推断法：主题句(topicsentence)最能体现文章的主旨，多半在首尾段或首尾句。2.文体推断法：记叙文—使读者发笑或产生愉悦感(toentertainreaders)；夹叙夹议文—让读者得到某种启示或受到某种教育；广告或议论文—说服读者接受某种产品服务或接受某种观点(topersuadereaders)；科普说明文或新闻报道—告知读者某些信息(toinformreaders)

Ifoundtherewasahomelessmaninthestreet.Iaskedhimwhathewantedtohavefordinner.Hereplied,“Breadandabottleofwater”.Iranintothestoreandboughtabigbagofbreadandabottleofwater.Ihandedthemtohim.Hissmilehasbeeninmmindeversince.Tilltoday,Istillhaven’tforgottenthatman’ssmile.IwishIhadthecouragetodothismoreoften.Onesmallactioncanbeginarippleeffect(连锁反应)ofkindness.Soplease,shareasmileanddosomethingkindforthepeopleinneed.Thestorycallsthereadersto____.A.helpthoseinneedB.lookfortheirdreamsC.valuewhattheyhaveD.facedifficultiesbravely推断写作目的例题5.推断文章出处

推断所选文段可能来自何处。

题干形式：Thepassage/textismostlikelytobetakenfrom_______.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthistext?推理判断技能-5

解题方法：从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处。1.报纸：文段前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称；2.广告：用词和格式特殊；3.杂志：美食、旅游、身体健康方面的信息。HowtoLimitScreenTimeandGetMovingStepawayfromthescreen.DoctorscallwatchingTVorplayingvideogamesscreentime.Youshouldhavenomorethantwohoursofscreentimeaday.Youwillenjoylifemoreifyouliveitinsteadofwatchingit!Choosefoodcarefully.Helpyourfimilyshopforhealthyfood.Readthelabels(标签).Lookforhealthyfoods.Eatlotsoffruitsandvegetables.Stopbuyingsoftdrinksandjunkfoods.Youwillfeelbetterifyoueatright.Exercisewithothers.Findafriendoffamilymembertoexerciseofplaywithyou.Youwillhavemorefunandithelps

keepyouresponsibleforgoing.Wheremightyoufindthispassage?()A.InastoryB.InamagazineC.InaplayD.Inaspeech.推断文章出处例题6.推断作者读者

推断出文章作者的身份或职业；或推断这篇文章主要是写给谁看的。

题干形式：1.Whoisthepassagewrittenfor?2.Whoprobablywrotetheletter/thispassage?3.Thepassageisprobablywrittenfor______.4.Whomight