Grammar and usage牛津模块一第二单元语法

Unit2Unit2LanguageNounclausesintroducedbyquestionwords&PreparatorysubjectitGrammarandusage

Thattheearthisroundisafact.Mrs.Blackwon’tbelievethathersonhasbecomeathief.Myideaisthatweshoulddoitrightnow.Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句I.名词从句的种类II.Tellthefunctionofthefollowingsentences.

a.subjectb.objectc.predicatived.appositive1.ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupofthreecountriesisstillunknowntomany.d2.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.3.SomepeoplefeelthatWalesisanancientfairyland.4.Thathewillcomeiscertain.5.Theyrealizethatitisofgreatvaluetorecordandteachthemtotheyoungergeneration.6.Whyhediditwasn’tquiteclear.cbbaaWecanusethefollowingquestionwordstointroducenounclauses:

what,which,who/whom,whose,when,where,whyandhow.III.NounClausesintroducedbyquestionwords:Weuseaquestionwordtointroduceanounclause.Theclausecanfunctionasthe

subject,objectorpredicative

ofthesentence.1.Wheredoesapersoncomefrom?Thiswillaffecthisorherstyleofspeech.=Whereapersoncomesfromwillaffect

hisorherstyleofspeech.wh-questionsubject2.WhydoesEnglishhavesuchstrangerules?Youcanbegintoseeit!=YoucanbegintoseeitwhyEnglishhassuchstrange

rules!wh-questionobject3.WhydoesEnglishhavesomanydifficultrulesthatconfusepeople?Thatisthereason.=ThatiswhyEnglishhassomanydifficultrulesthatconfusepeople.wh-questionpredicativeInanounclausethatisintroducedbyaquestionword,wechangethewordorderintothatofastatement.Wecannotleaveoutthequestionwordsinnounclauses.在复合句中作主句的主语。引导词有连词that(that

不可省)，whether；代词有who，what，which；副词when，where，how，why等。VI.主语从句e.g.Thattheearthmovesaroundthesuniswellknown.地球绕着太阳转是众所周知的事。Whenandwherehewasbornisaquestion.他何时何地出生是个问题。Whetherhewillcomeornotisnotknownyet.他是否回来还不知道。在复合句中作主句的宾语。引导词有连词that(that常可省略)，whether，if；代词有who，whose，what，which；副词when，where，how，why等。VII.宾语从句e.g.Webelieve

(that)

heishonest.我们相信他是诚实的。Canyoutell

which

dictionaryishers?你能告诉她哪个字典是她的吗？Ireallydon’tknow

whatheisdoing.我真的不知道他在干嘛。在复合句中作主句的表语。引导词有连词that(that

不可省)，whether；代词有who，what，which；副词when，where，how，why等。VIII.表语从句e.g.Theproblemisthatwedidn’tgetintouchwithhim.问题是我们没有联系上他。ThequestionishowHenrysolvedtheproblem.问题是亨利怎么解决这个问题的。Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkatonce.他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作。注意：如果句子的主语是suggestion，advice，order等名词时，后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形，should可省略。在句中起同位语的作用。一般放在名词fact，news，idea，promise，thought，suggestion等之后，用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导词有连词that；少数情况下也可用连接副词等。IX.同位语从句e.g.The

news

that

his

health

is

failing

made

us

sad.

他健康状况不佳的消息使我们很难过。

I

have

no

idea

where

they

are

spending

their

holidays.

我不知道他们在哪里度假。

There

is

no

doubt

that

he

will

come

here

again.他会再来这里，

这是毫无疑问的。

注意：名词suggestion，advice，order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形，should可省略。Readthediaryonpage28anddecidewhatsentenceelementeachhighlightednounclauseisinitssentence.Answers:1.______2._______3._______4.______5._______OSPOPReadthearticleonpage29andfillintheblankswithsuitablequestionwords.Answers:1._______2.________3._________4._______5.________6._________7._______8.________whyWhatwhichwhyhowwhoHowWhich1.Doyouremember____hecame?Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.a.howb.whenc.thatd.if2.____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.a.Ifb.Whetherc.Thatd.WhereabChoosethebestanswer.及时练3.Askher_____comewithus.a.ifshewillb.ifwillshec.whethershed.whetherwillshe4.____wecan’tunderstandis____hedidn’tjoinusinourdiscussion.a.That;whyb.Which;howc.What;whatd.What;whyadGrammarandusage(2)preparatorysubjectitLookatthefollowingsentencesandfindtherealsubjectofeachsentence.1.Itisimportantforustolearnitwell.2.ItisimportantthatweshouldlearnEnglishwelltoday.3.Itisnousewastingyourtimereadingsuchbooksallday.SometimesinEnglishthesubjectofasentenceisverylong,makingthesentenceawkwardanddifficulttounderstand.Onewayofmakingthesentenceeasiertounderstandistousethepreparatorysubjectit.Withthepreparatorysubjectit,thesubjectismovedtotheendofthesentence,anditisusedinitsplaceatthestartofthesentence.1.WecanuseitasanemptysubjectA.whenweuseanounclauseasthesubjectofasentence.e.g.ThatwewouldnotbeabletounderstandOldEnglishtodayiscertain.=(preferable)ItiscertainthatwewouldnotbeabletounderstandOldEnglishtoday.WhetherEnglishwillkeeponchanginginthefutureiseasytoanswer.=(preferable)ItiseasytoanswerwhetherEnglishwillkeeponchanginginthefuture.

Whenwecansetoffdependsontheweather.=(preferable)Itdependsonweatherwhenwecansetoff.1.It+be+adj.(true,certain,possible,obvious,likely…)that…2.It+be+nounphrase(nowonder,anhonour,apity,…)that…3.It+be+pastparticiple(said,reported,expected,announced…)that…4.It+seems/appearsthat….5.Itdoesn’tmatterthat…it作形式主语的句型:e.g.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisachallengingtask.=(preferable)Itisachallengingtasktomasteraforeignlanguage.

TogainaccesstotheInternetisimportantforus.=(preferable)ItisimportantforustogainaccesstotheInternet.B.whenthesubjectisato-infinitive.C.whenthesubjectisav-ingform.e.g.Itisfunwanderinginthecountryside.=(preferable)Wanderinginthecountrysideisfun.

IttakesupalotofmytimetravellingtoBeijing.=(preferable)TravellingtoBeijingtakesupalotofmytime.2.Itcanalsobeusedbeforeseem,appear,

happen,chance,turnoutand

proveastheemptysubjectofasentence.e.g.Itseemsthatheisenthusiasticaboutdrawing.=Heseemstobeenthusiasticaboutdrawing.Ithappensthatmynewneighbourcomesfrommyhometown.=Mynewneighbourhappenstocomefrommyhometown.3.Weusuallyusethepreparatorysubject

it

withaclauseorto

infinitive(preferable),butwiththeverb-ingformweprefertherealsubjectatthebeginning.

e.g.Itisagoodideatomakeanofficialstatementabouttheincident.=Makinganofficialstatementabouttheincidentisagoodidea.ReadthedialogueonPage31andrewritethesentencesinyellow,usingthepreparatorysubjectit.Answers:2.__________________________________________________________________________________________Itrequiresagoodunderstandingoftheirbehaviourtoknowwhattheymean.3.________________________________________________________________4.________________________________________________________________Italwayspuzzlesmewhymydogbarksincertainways.Itwon’tbedifficulttobuyamachinelikethis.ReadtheletteronPage31andrewritetheunderlinedsentencesusingthepreparatorysubjectit.Answers:2.__________________________________________________________________.IthappensthatseveralracialgroupsliveinSingapore.3.________________________________________________________________________________________________4.________________________________Itisfuntoheardifferentpeoplespeakingdifferentlanguagesallatthesametime.ItiscertainthatI’llseeyounextweek.1.乘宇宙飞船去月球是可能的。Itispossibletoflytothemooninaspaceship.TranslationthesesentencesintoEnglish.2.他似乎已经知道问题的答案。Itseemsthathehasknowntheanswertotheproblem.3.我们在哪儿听报告还没定。Ithasn’tbeendecidedwherewe’lllistentothereport.用that或what完成下列句子。1.______hewantsisabook.2.____hewantstogothereisobvious.

3.Is______hetoldustrue?4.Weshouldpayattentionto_____theteacherissaying.5.Ihavenoidea______hedidthatafte