灵通高职英语1unit01A

Unit1Education

TextAAsianStudentsinWesternColleges1Warm-upWhathaveyoudoneinthepastvacation?Doyouhaveanysuggestionsforthissemester’steachingschedule?2VocabularyStudyAsiana.

亚洲的，亚洲人的n.

亚洲人westerna.

西方的，西部的equala.

相等的，平等的，胜任的opportunityn.

机会，时机succeedv.

1.

(～in)取得成功2.继任，继承successfula.

成功的educationn.

教育，培养entrance

n.

1.入学，进入2.入口，门口averagea.

平均的n.

平均，平均数scoren.

得分，分数v.

得（分），记（分）★guaranteev.

保证，承诺amazinga.

令人惊讶的

△academica.

学术的，理论的△academicallyad.

学术上，理论上

achievern.

获得者

△overallad.

大致上，整体上a.

所有的，整体的

culturen.1.文化，文明2.修养，教养

influencev.

影响，感化n.1.影响2.感化力Reading3VocabularyStudyConfuciana.

孔子的,儒家的n.

孔门弟子,儒家★immigrantn.(外来)移民，外侨backgroundn.

背景generationn.1.一代人(或产品)2.产生，发展theoryn.1.理论，原理2.学说scientistn.

科学家

suggestv.1.提出建议2.暗示，使想起，意思是generallyad.

一般地，通常，大体上generala.

1.总的，普遍的2.一般的，普通的3.通用的

dependv.

依靠,依赖

physicala.1.身体的，肉体的2.物理(学)的

strengthn.

力量，力气，实力

★conclusionn.1.结论，推论2.结束，终结

★duea.1.由于，因为2.应得的3.应付的，到期的

△filiala.

孝顺的，子女应该做的

△pietyn.1.孝顺，孝敬2.虔诚

systemn.1.制度，体制2.系统，体系

environmentn.

环境，周边状况Reading4PhrasesandExpressionsentranceexam入学考试ratherthan而不是

asarule通常，照例inlargepart在很大程度上dueto由于，因为togetherwith和，加之5ProperNamesandNotesSAT:ScholasticAptitudeTest学术能力测验(美国大学本科标准入学考试)Hispanic以西班牙语为母语的人（尤指住在美国的拉丁美洲人）Filipino-American菲律宾裔美国人Korea[地名]韩国Vietnam[地名]越南Japan[地名]日本IQ:IntelligenceQuotient智商6FunStart—AFable

TheNorthWindandtheSunwerearguingaboutwhowasthestronger.Suddenlytheysawatravelercomingdowntheroad.TheSunsaid,“Iseeawaytosettleourargument.Whicheverofuscancausethattravelertotakeoffhiscoatshallbeseenasthestronger.Youbegin.”ThentheNorthWindblewashardashecould,buttheharderheblew,thetighterthetravelerwrappedhiscoataroundhim;andatlasttheNorthWindgaveuptrying.ThentheSunbegantoshinehot.Soonthetravelerfoundittoohottowalkwithhiscoaton,sohetookhiscoatoff.7QuestionsWhatdidtheNorthWinddotomakethetravelertakeoffhiscoat?WhatdidtheSundo,then?Whoprovedtobestronger,theNorthWindortheSun?Whatdoyouthinkmadeitsuccessful?8QuestionsHowdootherspersuadeyoutodosomething?Doyouthinkyouareeasyordifficulttopersuade?9QuotesandProverbsSparetherod,spoilthechild.Ifyoustudytoremember,youwillforget;ifyoustudytounderstand,youwillremember.10BackgroundInformation—SATMostcollegesrequirethetestforadmissionsanduseittoawardscholarships.TheSATisgiven7timesperyear.Thetestlastsfor3hours,45minutes.Itconsistsofthreesections:CriticalReading,MathandWritingsections(200-800pointspersection).RecentadditionstotheSATincludeanessay,grammar,andmathematics.11ConfucianIdeas

ConfucianismdescendsfromtheAnalects(sayings)ofaChinesephilosophernamedConfucius(551-479B.C.).

Belowarethemajorpremisesofthisphilosophy.TheSilverRule—”Donotimposeonothersthatwhichyouyourselfdonotdesire"—isthecentralethicalprincipleinConfucianthought.Thus,benevolenceisthehighestgood,

thegentleman/scholaristheidealbeing,andthecultivationoflifethroughstudyandproperactionsisthesupremeduty.

Notehisfamous“FiveVirtues”:

Benevolence,Wisdom,Righteousness,SincerityandPropriety.12Pre-readingQuestions1.Whichfactordoyouthinkismoreimportantforastudenttoachievesuccessinlearning,hardworkorhighIQ?2.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutConfucianideas?13AsianStudentsinWesternCollegesInAmerica,thelandofequalopportunity,Asiansseembetterablethanmostotherpeoplegroupstosucceed,especiallyinthefieldofeducation.ItisbecomingmoreandmorecommonforthetopstudentsinAmericanschoolsandcollegestobetheoneswiththeAsianfaces.InoneoftheU.S.collegeentranceexams,theSAT,Asian-Americanshadanaveragescoreof1,091,whilewhitestudentshadanaverageof1,068,Hispanics922,andblacks864.1.WhoseemmoresuccessfulinAmericanschools? Asiansseemmoresuccessful.2.Whatdoes“inthefieldofeducation”referto? Inschoolsorincolleges.3.WhogetthehighesttestscoresinAmericancollegeentranceexams? Asian-Americans.Mainidea:

AsiansarebetterablepeopleinAmericanschools.TranslationReading14AsianStudentsinWesternColleges

Itisn’tjustbeingAsian,however,thatguaranteessuchamazingtestscores.Filipino-Americans,forexample,arenotusuallytopacademicachievers,althoughtheydoverywellforthemselvesoverall.TheAsianswhoareusuallyattheheadoftheclassaremostlythosefromAsianculturesmoststronglyinfluencedbyConfucianideas,suchasChina,Korea,Japan,andVietnam.1.WhichcountriesarethesesuccessfulAsianstudentsmostlyfrom? China,Korea,JapanandVietnam.2.WhataboutstudentsfromthePhilippines? Theyarenotusuallytopacademicachievers.3.WhydothesestudentsfromChina,Korea,JapanandVietnamusuallyperformbetter? BecausetheculturesofthesecountriesarestronglyinfluencedbyConfucianideas.Mainidea:OnlyAsiansfromConfucianculturescanbetopacademicachievers.

TranslationReading15AsianStudentsinWesternCollegesSowhydotheseAsiansusuallyrisetothetopoftheacademicworld?Becauseoftheirhard-workingimmigrantbackground?Thatmightseemtobetheanswer,butmanytopstudentsareAsiansnolongerfromimmigrantfamilies,butfromfamilieswhichhavelivedintheU.S.forthreeorfourgenerations.AnothertheorythatsomescientistshavesuggestedisthatAsiansfromConfucianculturesgenerallyhaveahigherIQbecauseofhavingaculturewithlongerhistoryofjobsthatdependedonbrainsratherthanjustphysicalstrength.Thistheory,thoughinteresting,isnotsupportedbythefacts,astheseAsiansarenotasaruleacademicallysuccessfulinothercountriesaroundtheworld.1.WhatkindoffamiliesaremanyoftheAsiansfrom? FromfamilieswhichhavelivedintheU.S.forthreeorfourgenerations.2.Accordingtosomescientists,whydoAsiansfromConfucianculturesgenerallyhaveahigherIQ? Becauseofhavingaculturewithlongerhistoryemphasizingjobsrequiringmentalability.3.Whyisn’tthetheorysupportedbythefacts? BecausetheseAsiansarenotsuccessfuleverywhereelseintheworld.Mainidea:TwopossiblereasonswhyAsiansrisetothetopoftheacademicworld.TranslationReading16AsianStudentsinWesternCollegesThegeneralconclusionofmostisthatAsians’academicsuccessis,inlargepart,duetothestronginfluenceoftheConfucianideasoffilialpiety,respectforeducation,andhardwork.TheseConfucianideastogetherwiththeWesternsystemofhighereducationhavemadetheperfectenvironmentforsuccessforyoungAsianstudents.Accordingtothepassage,whataretheConfucianideas? Filialpiety,respectforeducationandhardwork.2.WhatfunctionhastheWesternsystemofhighereducationperformedinthesuccessofAsianstudents? IthashelpedtomaketheperfectenvironmentforsuccessforyoungAsianstudents. Mainidea:

ConfucianideastogetherwiththeWesternsystemofhighereducationhavemadetheperfectenvironmentforsuccessforyoungAsianstudents.TranslationReading17LanguagePoints1.InAmerica,thelandofequalopportunity,Asiansseembetterablethanmostotherpeoplegroupstosucceed,especiallyinthefieldofeducation. InAmerica,thelandofequalopportunity,Asiansseemtohaveabetterchanceofbecomingsuccessfulthanmostotherpeoplegroups,especiallyinthefieldofeducation.

e.g.China,acountrywithalonghistory,hasaricherculturethan otherAsiancountriesineducation,food,art,etc. Laoguo,anoldworker,hasmoreexperiencethanmostotherworkersinthefactory.Return18LanguagePoints

Note：Theinfinitive“tosucceed”isputafter“thanmostotherpeople”forthepurposeofkeepingthebalanceofthesentenceandofemphasizingthecomparativeobjects. e.g.Boysarenotnecessarilybetterabletolearnsciencesubjects thangirls. Sarahismoreablethanherco-workerstomeetthequota.

Return19LanguagePoints2.ItisbecomingmoreandmorecommonforthetopstudentsinAmericanschoolsandcollegestobetheoneswiththeAsianfaces. ItisbecomingincreasinglycommonthatthetopstudentsinAmericanschoolsandcollegesarestudentswiththeAsianfaces.

Itis/was+adj./n.for…todosth. e.g.Itisagreathonorformetobegivensuchawarmreception attheparty. Itwasencouragingforusalltogainsuccessinthetestofthe newproduct.Return20LanguagePoints3.InoneoftheU.S.collegeentranceexams,theSAT,Asian-Americanshadanaveragescoreof1091,whilewhitestudentshadanaverageof1068,Hispanics922,andblacks864.averagea./v. e.g.averagecost/price/rate/score/temperature Thestudentshadanaverageof75pointsinthefinalmathexam.

Return21LanguagePointswhile:

conj.whereas

Note:Here“while”isusedtocontrasttwothingsorpersons. e.g.Girlsaregenerallygoodatartssubjects,whileboysscience subjects. Whilehetakesaninterestinpopmusic,Iprefercountrymusic.Return22LanguagePoints4.Itisn’tjustbeingAsian,however,thatguaranteessuchamazingtestscores. However,justbeingAsiandoesnotguaranteesuchamazingtestscores.

Itis/was(not)...that...: e.g.ItisinthesamestreetthatIranintoTom,oneofmyfriends, twiceinasingleday. Itisforthesakeofenteringagooduniversitythatshestudied deepintothenightinpreparationforthecollegeentrance exam.

Return23LanguagePointsguarantee:

v.topromisetodosth.;topromisesth.willhappen e.g.Wecannotguaranteethatourserviceisthebest,butitcertainly isgood. Thecompanyguaranteedthatthepaymentswouldbepaidback soon.Return24LanguagePointsamazing:a.

verysurprising,andcausingpleasureoradmiration e.g.anamazingperformance/achievement/play/success/ discovery/sight Theactor’samazingperformancemovedtheaudiencedeeply.Return25LanguagePoints5.Filipino-Americans,forexample,arenotusuallytopacademicachievers,althoughtheydoverywellforthemselvesoverall. Forexample,Filipino-Americansgenerallydoverywellintheirgeneralstudiesbuttheydonotusuallyachievetopacademicsuccess.

overall:ad./a.

e.g.Thegovernmentinvest2milliondollarsoverallinthenew school. Myoverallimpressionofthenovelwasfavorable.Return26LanguagePoints6.TheAsianswhoareusuallyattheheadoftheclassaremostlythosefromAsianculturesmoststronglyinfluencedbyConfucianideas,suchasChina,Korea,Japan,andVietnam.

TheAsians,usuallythetopstudentsoftheclass,aremainlythosewithAsianculturalbackgroundwhichisgreatlyinfluencedbyConfucianideas.

attheheadof:atthetopof;thebest

Note:“Influenced”isusedasanattributehere.

e.g.Whatwasthenameofthemovieshownlastnightatthecinema? Theconferenceheldatthehotelyesterdaywasonurban constructionanddevelopment.Return27LanguagePoints7.SowhydotheseAsiansusuallyrisetothetopoftheacademicworld?Becauseoftheirhard-workingimmigrantbackground?

SowhydotheseAsiansusuallybecomethemostsuccessfulintheacademicworld?Becausetheyhavethehard-workingimmigrantbackground?risetothetop:tobecomeimportant,powerful,successfulorrich

e.g.Herdiligenceandpatienceledhertorisetothetopofthe class. Thepeoplewhorisetothetopinpoliticsareusuallyskilledatnetworking.Return28LanguagePointsbecauseof: e.g.Hedidn’tattendthemeetingyesterdaybecauseofhisillness. Theydidn’tgofishingbecauseoftheheavyrain.immigrant:n.

apersoncomingintoacountryfromabroadtomaketheir homethereReturn29LanguagePoints8.Thatmightseemtobetheanswer,butmanytopstudentsareAsiansnolongerfromimmigrantfamilies,butfromfamilieswhichhavelivedintheU.S.forthreeorfourgenerations. Thatmightseemtobetheanswer,butmanytopstudentsareAsianswhoarenotfromimmigrantfamiliesanylonger,butfromfamilieshavinglivedintheU.S.forthreeorfourgenerations.Return30LanguagePoints9.AnothertheorythatsomescientistshavesuggestedisthatAsiansfromConfucianculturesgenerallyhaveahigherIQbecauseofhavingaculturewithlongerhistoryofjobsthatdependedonbrainsratherthanjustphysicalstrength. AnothertheorythatsomescientistshavegivenisthatAsiansfromConfucianculturesgenerallyhaveahigherIQbecausetheyhaveaculturewithlongerhistoryofjobsdependingonbrainsmorethanjustphysicalstrength.dependon:toneedsomeoneagreatdealforhelporsupport e.g.Hisfamilydependsonhim. Whetheryoucansucceedornotdependsagreatdealon yourattitude.Return31LanguagePointsratherthan: 1)morethanortoagreaterdegreethansomeoneorsomethingelse e.g.Theparentsratherthanthechildrenshouldbeblamed. Ithinkyou’dcallitalectureratherthanatalk. 2)insteadofsomeoneorsomethingelse e.g.Hepreferstoridetotheparkratherthantakeabus. Whatwecannotaffordtolosenowistimeratherthanmoney.Return32LanguagePoints10.Thistheory,thoughinteresting,isnotsupportedbythefacts,astheseAsiansarenotasaruleacademicallysuccessfulinothercountriesaroundtheworld. Althoughitisinteresting,thistheoryisnotsupportedbythefacts,becausetheseAsiansarenotingeneralsuccessfulintheacademicfieldasthoseinAmericaare.

Return33LanguagePointsasarule:ingeneral;forthemostpart e.g.Asarule,wedonotallowsmokinginthehall. Asarule,moststudentsfinishtheircourseworkbytheendof June.

Return34LanguagePoints11.ThegeneralconclusionofmostisthatAsians’academicsuccessis,inlargepart,duetothestronginfluenceoftheConfucianideasoffilialpiety,respectforeducation,andhardwork. ItisagreedbymostpeoplethatAsians’academicsuccessistoalargeextentbecauseofthestronginfluenceoftheConfucianideasoffilialpiety,respectforeducation,andhardwork.

inlargepart:toagreatdegree;toagreatextent e.g.Hisachievementwasinlargepartbecauseofhisperseverance, hardworkandpropermethod.Return35LanguagePointsdueto:becauseof;owingto e.g.Theflightwascancelledduetotheheavyfrog. Duetohiscarelessnessandlackofmanagement,hesuffered lossesinthebusiness.Return36LanguagePoints12.TheseConfucianideastogetherwiththeWesternsystemofhighereducationhavemadetheperfectenvironmentfor

successforyoungAsianstudents. BoththeseConfucianideasandtheWesternsystemofhighereducationhavecreatedtheperfectenvironmentforsuccessforyoungAsianstudents.make/createaenvironmentfor: e.g.Schoolsshouldtrytomakeaperfectenvironmentforstudiesas wellasrecreationforstudents. Thegovernmenthasmadeafavorableenvironmentforthe investorsbyenactingnewfinancialpolicies.Return37Translation西方大学里的亚裔学生 在美国这个人人机会均等的国度，亚洲人似乎比大多数其他民族更有可能获得成功，尤其在教育领域。美国的学校和大学里优等生都是亚洲人的脸孔，这种现象已经越来越常见了。美国大学入学考试之一的SAT考试中，亚裔学生的平均分是1091，而白人学生平均分为1068，美籍西班牙学生922，黑人学生864。Return38Translation 然而，仅仅拥有亚洲人的身份并不足以保证取得如此高分。比如说，菲律宾裔美国人通常并不是学习成绩最好的，虽然他们自身很努力。通常位于班级前列的亚洲人大多数来自深受儒家思想影响的国家，比如中国、韩国、日本和越南。Return39Translation 那么为什么这些亚洲人常常能跻身于学术界的顶端呢？因为他们勤劳的移民背景吗？这似乎是答案所在，但许多优等生不再是来自移民家庭，而是来自于在美国生活了三代或四代的亚洲家庭。科学家的另一种理论将儒家文化的亚洲人的高智商归功于他们的文化传统，因为他们从事脑力劳动的时间比单纯体力劳动的历史更悠久。这种理论虽然有趣，但还没有事实支持，因为亚洲人的学业在世界上其他国家并不总是很成功。Return40Translation 大多数人总结认为，亚洲人学业上的成功在很大程度上是由于受到儒家思想的影响，比如说对父母的孝顺，对教育的尊重以及辛勤劳动。这些儒家思想和西方高等教育体制一道为年轻的亚洲学生创造了完美的获取成功的环境。Return41FurtherPractice——Translation1.均等机会 equalopportunity 同等权利 equalright2.在……领域 inthefieldof… 在科技领域 inthefieldofscienceandtechnology3.美国大学本科标准入学考试 SAT/theU.S.collegeentranceexam 大厅的入口 entrancetothehall4.学习尖子生 topacademicachiever 大楼顶层 topofthebuilding5.在……最前面 attheheadof… 在名单的最上端 attheheadofthelist6.儒家思想 Confucianideas 奇怪的想法 strangeideas42FurtherPractice——Translation7.移民背景 immigrantbackground 背景音乐backgroundmusic8.体力，体能 physicalstrength 体育活动 physicalexercise9.通常，照例 asarule 交通规则 trafficrules

10.在很大程度上 inlargepart在某种程度上 inpart11.由于，因为 dueto 由于交通拥挤 duetoheavytraffic12.西方高等教育体制 Westernsystemofhighereducation 经济体制 economicsystem43FurtherPractice

——GivingtheOriginalsentences

1.InAmerica,thelandofequalopportunity,comparedwithmostotherpeoplegroupsAsianssucceedmoreoften,especiallyinthefieldofeducation. InAmerica,thelandofequalopportunity,Asiansseembetterablethanmostotherpeoplegroupstosucceed,especiallyinthefieldofeducation.2.TheAsians,usuallythetopstudentsoftheclass,aremainlythosewithAsianculturalbackgroundwhichisgreatlyinfluencedbyConfucianideas… TheAsianswhoareusuallyattheheadoftheclassaremostlythosefromAsianculturesmoststronglyinfluencedbyConfucianideas.44FurtherPractice

——GivingtheOriginalsentences3.Althoughitisinteresting,thistheoryisnotsupportedbythefacts,forAsiansinothercountriesaroundtheworldarenotassuccessfulintheacademicfieldasthoseinAmericaare. Thistheory,thoughinteresting,isnotsupportedbythefacts,astheseAsiansarenotasaruleacademicallysuccessfulinothercountriesaroundtheworld.4.Itisagreedbymostpeoplethat