成考词汇与语法2

DuXiong成人高考英语第二讲词汇与语法词汇记忆自测基础词汇冠词_______关于,大约_____在…上________横穿______增加________地址_________建议_____/_____害怕_______在…之后_______下午___________又，再_________反对，对着______年龄___________…以前_______全部，所有______也_____总是，一直_____和，而且______另一个________任何_____任何事物_______因为_______问________走开，跑掉_____…当中_______核心词汇能，会______接受______成就________实际的________钦佩，羡慕_____承认________优势_________买的起_______同意，赞同______核心词汇目标______根本不_____允许_____单独地______几乎______已经______美国______生气的______焦虑的______道歉______似乎______到达______好像_____睡着的_____使惊讶_____吸引_______尝试_________1.Hisroomis_____oursonthethirdfloor,theonenexttoourfriend’s.A.beyondB.aboveC.onD.over2.He____anexpensivegiftonhisbirthday,buthedidn’t____it.A.accept…received;B.receive…acceptC.received…accept;D.got…receive3.Girlsareoften____ofsnakesA.afraidB.fearC.surprisedD.against4.Healways_____hisfatherformoney.A.asksB.adviseC.helpsD.wants5.Ioftendrinkalotofcoffeetokeepmyself____whileworkingA.wakeB.awakeC.wakenD.awoke

动词的分类

根据其词义和其在谓语中的作用可分为：

_______

连系动词:____________助动词:______________情态动词:__________________及物动词:reach,answer,give,ask,have不及物动词:open,live,go,come实义动词be(am,is,are),感官动词，become,turn,go,getdo/did/does,have/has,will/shall/wouldcan/could,may/might,must,dare,need,should常见的介词+动词短语有：acton（遵照）lookat（看）amountto（等于）objectto（反对）callon（号召）relyon（依靠）consistof（由…组成）standfor（代表）insiston（坚持“主张”）applyfor（申请）longfor（渴望）believein（信仰）operateon（动手术）comeacross（偶遇）persistin（坚持“看法”）gothrough（通过）sendfor（派人去请）listento（听）accountfor（解释）lookinto（调查）attendto（照料）playwith（玩）carefor（照顾）speakof（谈论）dependon（依靠）waitfor（等待）laughat（嘲笑）常见的副词+动词短语有：Blowup（炸毁）puton（穿）Carryout（执行）setaside（留出）Giveup（放弃）takeover（接过）Lookup（查找）throwaway（抛弃）Pointout（指出）turnoff（关掉）Ruleout（排除）calloff（取消）Talkover（商量）giveaway（暴露）Thinkover（考虑）handout（分发）Turnon（接通）pickup（拣起）Wipeout（消灭）ringup（打电话）Bringup（抚养）setup（建立）Findout（查明）takeoff（脱掉）Handin（上交）turndown（拒绝）Makeout（认出）winover（说服）常见的情态动词can(could),may(might),must,shall(should),will(would),dare(dared),need等；另外,haveto、hadbetter也当作情态动词使用。can/couldcan的过去式是could;can的否定式是cannot，通常缩写成can't;could的否定式是couldnot,通常缩写成couldn't.can/couldHecanswim.Ablindmancannotreadandjudgecolours.Themanwas/willbe/hasbeenableto（不用can）supporthisfamily.1)表示能力：包括体力、智力以及因客观条件而取得的能力。Note：can/could不能用于将来时、完成时等形式，此时须用beableto代替。can/couldCan/CouldIhavealookatyournotes?CanIhelpyou?（MayIhelpyou?）Youcan/couldstayherelonger.Hesaidyoucouldstayfortendays.2)表示请求和允许：口语中常代替may/might，请求对方允许（could比can口吻客气）。Note：还可表示说话者表示同意（此时could可能是can的过去式，用于间接引语）。can/couldThatcan’tbeMrLi.Abrokenbowlcan/couldneverbemended.Shecan’t/couldn’tbemorethanthirty.Theycan’t/couldn’thavegoneoutbecausethelight’son.Can/Couldthemanstillliveinthatoldhouse?3)表示可能性：可表示理论上的可能性（此时can比could口气肯定）。Note1：还可表示对现在或过去事实上的可能性的推测（此时can比could口气肯定），多用于否定式和疑问式（肯定式用must）。can/couldWecouldhavestartedalittleearlier.Orwewouldhavegotthere.（我们本来可以早一点动身的。要不我们就已经到那儿了。）Themonkeycouldn’thaveescapedonit’sown.Somebodymusthaveopenedthecage.（那猴子本来是无法自己跑掉的。一定是有人把笼子打开了。）Note2：有时，“could+have+过去分词”

表示过去本来有可能，但是没有做（或发生）某事，有责备口吻。Note3：“couldn’t+have+过去分词”

则表示过去即使去做某事也不可能做到。即时专练19.Thetaxi____onlyholdsixpassengers.Itisfull.You

takethenextone.A.may...mayB.can...mayC.may...canD.must...can23.Thispenlookslikemine,yetitisn't.Whose

itbe?A.mustB.canC.mayD.might6.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone

getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto57.CouldIborrowyourdictionary?Yes,ofcourseyou______.A.mightB.willC.canD.should30.Thestreetsarealldry.It_____duringthenight.A.can'thaverainedB.musthaverainedC.couldn'trainD.shouldn'thaverainedmay/mightMay/MightIleavethiswithyou?MayIaskyouaquestion?Youmaydoasyoulike.Theteachersaidyoumightdoso.（你可以随便，老师说过你可以如此。）1)表示请求和允许：请求对方允许（此时might不如may口气肯定，也不常见）。Note1：还可表示说话者的允诺（此时might是may的过去式，用于间接引语中）。may/mightMayIaskyouaquestion?—Certainly./Yes,youmay.May/MightIleavethiswithyou?—No,youmustn’t/can’t.Note2：用may提问时,肯定回答一般用Certainly或Yes,youmay;否定回答一般用can’t或mustn’t.。may/mightHemay/mightbeinheroffice.-Ithoughthemightbethere,butheisn’t.Jennymay/mighthavewrittenthereport.Youmighthavetoldusafewdaysago.Nowit’stoolate.2)表示可能性：表示对现在或过去事实上的可能性的推测，

表“也许”（此时may比might口气肯定），通常用于肯定式和否定式，口气不如must肯定。Note：有时，“might+have+过去分词”

表示过去本来有可能，但没有做某事，表“本来可以”，有责备口吻。即时专练21.Iwishtogohomenow,

I?A.mayB.can'tC.mustD.do34.

youbehappy!A.MayB.CanC.MustD.Would49.Ithoughtyoulikesomethingtoread,soIhavebroughtyousomebooks.A.mayB.mightC.couldD.must33.Sinceitisalreadymidnight,we______.A.hadbetterleavingB.oughttohaveleaveC.shouldtakeourleaveD.mightaswellleavemustYoumustbehonest.Fathersaidonemusttellthetruth.Youmustn’ttelllies.MustIleavetomorrow?-Yes,youmust.-No,youneedn’t/don’tneedto/don’thaveto.Oneofthemwillhaveto(不用must)go,eitherJimorPhilip.1)表示“必须”：是说话者的主观看法，可指现在、将来必须，在间接引语中也可用于过去时间，其否定式mustn’t表示禁止。Note1：must表示“必须”的肯定回答用must,否定回答不能用mustn’t，须用needn’t,don’tneedto或don’thaveto。Note2：不能用must表示时，须用haveto代替，但haveto指客观需要。mustHemustbeathome.Hecan’tstillbeintheofficeatsuchalatehour.Hethoughtshemusthaveaproblemwithhercar,andsowentover.Jackmusthavereceivedmyletter,otherwisehewouldhavecalledme.Mustshebeintheroom?–Yes,shemust.或No,shecan’t.2)表示推测：表对现在或过去很有把握的推测，

“一定”，通常只用于肯定式（否定式和疑问式用can），在间接引语中也可用于过去时间。Note：must表示“一定”的肯定回答用must,否定回答不能用can’t。即时练习5.Johnny,you

playwiththeknife,you

hurtyourself.A.won't...can'tB.mustn't...mayC.shouldn't,mustD.can't...shouldn't1．MayIstopmycarhere?No,you＿＿＿.A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.don'thaveto10.Imailedthelettertwoweeksago.She_____it.A.mustreceiveB.can'treceiveC.mightreceiveD.musthavereceivedoughttoSuchthingsoughtnottobeallowed.Shesaidnobodyoughttodoso.Sheoughttohavebeenabiologyteacher.Sheoughtn’ttohavestudiedphysics.1)表示“应该”：表示客观（如法律、规则等要求的）责任、义务角度上讲的“应该”，在间接引语中也可用于过去时间。Note：“oughtto+have+过去分词”

表示过去该做但未做某事。“oughtn’tto+have+过去分词”

则表示过去不该却做了某事。oughttoEverythingoughttobereadybynow.

（按说现在一切都已经准备好了。）Heoughttobefitforworkatthebeginningofnextyear.

（她明年初该是可以上班了。）Theforeigneroughttohavebeentoourcountrybefore.

（这个外国人该是以前来过我国。）2)表示推测：表示对现在、将来和过去的推理性推测，

口气不如must肯定。You_____yesterdayifyouwerereallyseriousaboutthejob.A.oughttocomeB.oughtcomeC.oughttohavecomeD.oughthavecomewillHehastodothecooking,whetherhewillornot.Will/Wouldyoupleaseofferthepoorboysomehelp?Bringthefruitupstairstothebedroom,will/wouldyou?Willyoupleaseclosethedoorforme?1)表示愿意：可用于陈述句和疑问句各人称，一般不重读，可缩写为’ll。Note：will常在疑问句中表示请求和建议，或用在祈使句末缓和语气（would口吻更客气）。willWhensomebody’sknockingatthedoor,thelittlegirlalwayssays,“I’llgo”.Willyouaccepthispresent?-Whynot?

HewillcombhishairinthekitchenthoughtIhavetoldhimnotto.Iwillnothaveyoutalkinglikethatbeforethechildren.2)表示意图：表示说话此刻的意图和打算，一般不重读，可缩写为’ll。3)表示坚持和拒绝：肯定式表示坚持，否定式表示拒绝，要重读，不可缩写为’ll。willTheywillbehomebythistime,Ithink.Shewillhavearrivedattheairportalready.Thegirlwilllistentorecordsaloneinherroomforhours.（那女孩常常独自一个人在房间里听上好几个小时的唱片。）4)表示推测：表示对现在和过去的。5)表示习惯性行为：表示经常反复的习惯性行为。8.Man

diewithoutwater.A.willB.canC.needD.shall16.Wouldyouopenthewindowplease?Yes,I______.A.willB.wouldC.doD.can17.Alion

onlyattacksahumanbeingwhenitishungry.A.shouldB.canC.willD.shall28.I

giveyouananswertomorrow.Ipromise!A.mustB.willC.mayD.shallwouldHehadtoobeywhetherhewouldornot（无论他愿意不愿意，他都得服从。）Would/willyoupleasetellmehowtogettothestation?Don’tstandintheway,would/willyou?1)表示过去的愿意：可用于陈述句和疑问句各人称，一般不重读（参见will）。Note：常与will一样在疑问句中表示请求和邀请，或用在祈使句末缓和语气（口吻更客气）。wouldIpersuadedhertoleave,butshewouldstaythere.Hetriedhisbestbutthewindowwouldn’topen.Hewouldstillbeinthelibraryworkingonhisnewbook,Isuppose.Ithoughtyouwouldhavefinishedthisbynow.2)表示过去的坚持和拒绝：肯定式表示坚持，否定式表示拒绝，要重读（参见will）。3)表示推测：与will一样，表示现在和过去的推测。wouldTheteacherwouldaskmeaquestionwheneverhemetme.Everyyearparentswouldtelltheirchildrenabouttheboywhowouldsavehispeople.Wouldyouliketohavearestatthemoment?Iwouldliketohaveacupofcoffee.5)表示过去的习惯性行为：表示经常反复的习惯性行为（参见will）。Note:日常会话中,“我想要…”通常用“Iwouldliketo”或“Ishould(I’d)liketo”表示。71.WithouttheleadershipoftheParty,there

noNewChina.wouldbe

B.hasbeen

C.was

D.shouldbe69.Let'ssaythatyoucouldgothereagain,how

feel?willyouB.shouldyouC.wouldyouD.doyoushallWhatshallwedothisweekend?ShallIarrangeatimetable?

（我们这周末干什么？我要不要安排个时间表？）Whatwill

youhaveadrink?Whatshallitbe?

（你要不要喝点什么？喝什么好？）Shall

wegotothezoothisweekend?（我们这个周末去动物园好吗？）1)表示征询听话人的意愿：用于问句中征询对方意见或指示，或提出建议等。此时主语为第一和第三人称。shallWorkhardandyouandsheshallhaveaholidaynextweek.（允诺）Ifyouwon’tdoasyouaretoldto,youshan’t(shallnot)getthepay!（警告）Shallheleavetomorrow?-Yes,heshall,andyoushalltoo.（命令）Theyshallcomeagaininoneday.（坚持）

（他们就得一天之内再来一次。）2)表示说话人的意愿：用于陈述句表示说话人的允诺、警告、命令、坚持等，此时主语为第二人称和第三人称，这是一种旧用法。26.Mr.Baker,anumberofstudentswanttoseeyou._____theywaithereoroutside?A.ShouldB.WillC.ShallD.Are29.Asasoldier,youdoastheheadtellsyou.A.willB.shallC.mayD.oughtshouldEveryoneshoulddohisduty.SoIthoughtIshouldsticktomyjob.（应该）WhatshouldIdonow?-Youshouldgoandseeher.（请教、建议）Youareright:Ishouldhavethoughtofthis.Ishouldn’thavedonelikethat.1)表示应该：说话者主观上认为的责任、义务，指现在和将来，在间接引语中也可指过去；常用来提出建议或请求指教。Note：“should+have+过去分词”

表示过去该做但未做某事。“shouldn’t+have+过去分词”

则表示过去不该却做了某事。shouldIt’sfinenow,soitshouldbewarmtoday.

现在天晴，因此今天应该暖和。It’ssevennow.Theyshouldhavefinishedcooking.

已经七点了。他们应该是已经做好饭了。2)表示推测：表对现在、将来和过去的推理性推测。32.Theyhavenotfinishtheworkuptonow.Wel