中考英语主从复合句（宾语从句定语从句状语从句）课件

复合句之宾语从句句子的种类根据作用分A陈述句：B疑问句

C祈使句D感叹句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句选择疑问句 反意疑问句what感叹句How感叹句肯定陈述句，否定陈述句根据结构分简单句并列句：复合句

状语从句宾语从句定语从句表语从句主语从句同位语从句并列，转折，选择，因果宾语从句的句法功能1、作动词的宾语TellyoursonthatwatchingTVtoomuchisbadforhiseyes.2、作介词的宾语Italldependsonwhetheritwillbefinetomorrow.3、作系表结构的宾语Iamsurethathewillcomesoon.宾语从句宾语从句考点1.时态2.连词(引导词)3.语序1.主句时态为现在2.主语时态为过去3.特殊情况1.that2.if/whether3.特殊疑问词陈述句1.that引导的宾语从句由that引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义。从连词that无实际意义，不在从句中充当任何成。Idon’tthink(that)therewillbetimetodoit.我认为没有时间做这件事了。Manypeoplebelieve(that)robotswilldomostourwork.许多人相信机器人会做我们的大部分工作。2.whether/if引导的宾语从句whether/if引导的从句大多由一般疑问句直接引语变化而来。whether/if在从句中不作，但含有“是否”之义，在句中不可省略。Iaskthemwhether/iftheywouldwinthematch.Doyoucarewhether/ifyouwin?Heaskedmewhether/ifMissLiwasateacher.只用whether不用if的情况①引导介词后的宾语从句时。Itdependsonwhetheritwillsnowtomorrow.IaminterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish.②与ornot连用时。Iaskedyoursecretarywhethershecouldcomeornot.Letmeknowwhetherhehaspassedtheexamornot.④有些动词，如discuss,doubt等后的宾语从句常用whether引导。We’rediscussingwhetherweshouldgroupthesethreecompanies.Idoubtwhetherhewillkeephispromise.⑤宾语从句前置，置于句首时。Whethertheycancomehereontime,wedon’tknow.Whethertheywilljoininthecamp,Idon’tcare.③与不定式连用时。Ireallydon’tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.NextMondaytheteacherwilltelluswhethertohaveatest.在这里要注意,whethertodo在句中做宾语，并不是宾语从句。3、疑问词引导的宾语从句宾语从句可以由连接代词what,who,whom,whose,which等引导，它们在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语等，因此不能省略。宾语从句可由连接副when,where,how,why等引导，它们在宾语从句中作状语，不可以省略。Doyouknowwhowillcomethisafternoon?连词作主语Idon’tknowwhomyoushoulddependon.连词作宾语Idon’tknowwhatitis.连词作表语Couldyoutellmewhichgatewehavetogoto?连词作定语Iwonderwhosebikeitis.连词作定语Hedidn’ttellmewhenthetrafficaccidenthadtakenplace.连词时间状语Yourcoatlooksverynice.Couldyoutellmewhereyouboughtit?连词作地点状语Itishardwork.Iwonderhowyoufinisheditintwodays.连词作方式状语Pleaseexplainwhyyouarelateagain.连词作原因状语注意：连接代词一般表示疑问，但what除了表示疑问外，也可以表示陈述。Idon’tknowwhathedid.Ibelievewhathetoldme.1.WangHaitoldme_______(how/why)hedidn’tgohikingyesterdayafternoon.2.Canyoutellme_______(who/whom)elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?3.Shesaid_______(that/if)itwouldn’tmattermuch.4.Healwaysthinks________(how/who)hecandobetter.5.Ireallydon’tknow_____________(howlong/howsoon)thebridgewillbefinished.whywhothathowhowsoon6.Theydon’tknow________(when/what)wearegoinghiking.7.Shewantedtoknow________(when/if)hercoatwouldbereadythenextday.8.Iwasreallysurprisedat________(what/where)Isaw.9.Idon’tknow________(how/why)somanypeoplearecrowdingroundhim.10.Doyouknow_________(whose/who’s)shirtitis?whenifwhatwhywhose二、时态宾语从句的时态“宾从”时态怎么办？根据主句来判断；主句现在，从随便；主句过去，从变换；“主从”动词同发生，“过去进行”从句中；“宾从”动作先发生，“过去完成”时态用；“宾从”动作后发生，“过去将来”时态用；“宾从”表达是真理，“一般现在”代“过去”。以上规则记心里，时态呼应没问题。主句现在，从随便1.Marysaysshe_____________(come)backsoon.2.Hesaysthatheoften________(play)footballafterschool.3.Ihearthatthey_________________(watch)agamenow.4.Doyouknowifhe_____________(be)toBeijingever?5.Idon’trememberwherehe_________(buy)thebookyesterday.willcomeplaysarewatchinghasbeenbought主句过去，从变换“主从”动词同发生，“过去进行”从句中；Hesaidthathewasreadingatthattime.“宾从”动作先发生,“过去完成”时态用；ItoldhimthatIhadhaddinneralready.“宾从”动作后发生，“过去将来”时态用；Wethoughtthatwewouldmeethimsoon.“宾从”表达是真理，“一般现在”代“过去”Theteachersaidthattheearth______(go)roundthesun.Everyoneknewthatthere______(be)sixtyminutesinanhour.goesare三、语序所有从句中的语序都是陈述句语序，除倒装句外。1.DoesherauntliveinParis?(I’mnotsure)IamnotsureifherauntlivesinParis.2.Whowillcometojoinus?(Doyouknow)Doyouknowwhowillcometojoinus?3.Mysonhasacold.(shesaid)Shesaidthathersonhadacold.注意一下句子的语序。WhowentBeijingwithyou?Whatisthematterwithyou?Whatiswrongwithyou?Whathappenedtoyou?上面的句子语序都是陈述语序，Who和what是句子的主语。1.当主句的谓语动词是know,learn,forget,remember,decide,ask,tell,show,teach等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”。Idon'tknowwhichsweaterIshouldbuy.Idon'tknowwhichsweatertobuy.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepark?Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepark?Ihaven’tdecidedwhetherIwillgototheparty.Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertogototheparty.2.当句子满足一下条件，从句的否定往往体现在主句中：A:主语是第一人称B:时态必须是一般现在时C:主句谓语动词表示观点，看法等词，如：think,suppose,guess,believe,expect,consider。我认为我不会按时到达。IthinkthatIwon’tarriveontime.Idon’tthinkthatIwillarriveontime.Idon'tthinkthatyoucandoit,_______________?Wedon'tbelievethenewsistrue,____________?HethinksEnglishisveryuseful,_____________?Hedidn'tthinkthenewsistrue,_____________?Wethinkwewillwinthegame,______________?Isupposefatherissleeping,______________?Idon’tthinkyouareright,______________?

canyouisitdoesn’thedidhewon’tweisn’theareyou3.宾语从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。建议suggest、advise、propose;要求demand、desire、request；

决定decide;命令order、command、require;坚决主张insist;等动词后跟宾语从句，用(should)+v1.He

suggestedthatwe(should)meetat8:00inthemorning.2.Tominsiststhatthework(should)befinishedontime.3.Thebossorderedthatalltheemployees(should)workharder.二、定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。在树下的那个女孩是我的妹妹。Thegirlwhoisunderthetreeismysister.Thegirlismysister.主句whoisunderthetree.从句Thegirlwhoisunderthetreeismysister.先行词连词从句Thegirlwhoisunderthetreeismysister.Thegirlismysister.主句whoisunderthetree.从句Thegirlwhoisunderthetreeismysister.先行词连词从句连词的作用：连接先行词和从句；连词替代先行词；连词在从句中充当句子成分；定语从句的连词先行词主语宾语所有格人Who/thatWhom/thatWhose事物Which/thatWhich/thatWhose人+事物thatthat1.thatThat可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语。作宾语时可以省略。Views_______areentirelynewmayalsobehardtoaccept.Weneedaperson______isrightforthejob.Thepicture________wearestudyingwasdrawnbyafifteen-year-oldstudent.thatthat(that)2.whichWhich一般指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语。作宾语的关系代词which可以省略.Theriver_________runsthroughthecenterofthecitywaspollutedseriously.Thehouse_________Iboughtfromabusinessisworth.Thestory__________hetoldwasverypopular.whichwhich(which)3.who/whom二者都用于指人。Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定语从句中作宾语。作宾语的关系代词who，whom可以省略。Heisagreatwriter______wontheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein2012.e.g.:Hersistermarriedaman______________shemetonaplane.who(who/whom)whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom前面时，不能用who代替：Theperson________________youjusttalkedtoisDeep.Thepersonto________youjusttalkedisDeep.Thatistheclassmate_______________Istudywith.Thatistheclassmate______________Istudy.who/whomwhowhomwho/whomwithwhom注：当先行词为one,ones,anyone或those时，这些不定代词往往指人，定语从句中的关系代词用who。Godhelpsthose

whohelpthemselves.Theones

whobrakethelawswillbepunished.Anyone

whowantstosuccessfulalwayshasastrongbelief.4.WhoseWhose可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语，表示先行词和从句中名词之间是所属关系。DoyouknowthegirlwhoseJapaneseisexcellent?I’dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.1.Anyone______agreeswithwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.2.April1stistheday________iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.3.Thefamily________hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.4.Thehouse________weliveinisveryold.5.Didyouseetheman_________Italkedwithjustnow？whowhichthatthatwhom关系副词在定语从句中充当状语，一般不可省略。常用的关系副词有when，where，why等。选择哪一个关系副词要看其前面的先行。关系副词先行词在从句中充当的成分Where表示地点的名词地点状语When表示时间的名词时间状语WhyReason原因状语when引导定语从句when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为time，day，week等表示时间的名词。Aprilthefirstistheday________peoplemakefunofothers.Istillrememberthetime_______Ifirsttravelledbyplane.whenwhenwhere引导的定语从句where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。它的先行词常为place，house，country等表示地点的名词。Lastyearmyparentswenttothefarm________theyworked30yearsago.Keepthebooksinaplace_________youcanfindthemeasily.wherewherewhy引导的定语从句why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，它的先行词通常为reason。Iknowthereason________sheleftyou.Pleasetellmethereason________sheiscryingsobadly.whywhy注：当先行词表示地点，时间，原因是，连接定语从句的关系词一定是关系副词吗？Iwillneverforgetthedays_______wespent.Idon’tbelievethereason_______hetoldme.Thatistheplace_______hecalledatlastyear.Thiswasthetime_______hearrived.Thisisplace_________heworks.Nobodyknowsthereason______heislate.whenwherewhythatthatthat定语从句的注意事项：一.定语从句中的主谓一致。Themanwho______(have)anumbrellainhishand____(be)myuncle.Thetrainwhich______just______(leave)isforShenzhen.Thenumberofpeoplethat________(come)tovisitthiscityeachyear___________(reach)onemillion.hasishasleftcomereaches当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数由先行词决定.“Oneof+复数可数名词”充当先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；“theonly/very/rightoneof+复数可数名词”充当先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。Tomisoneofthestudentswhowereawarded.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowasawarded.二.定语从句中只能用that作关系代词的情况。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Hestayedinthelibraryandlookedupsomeinformationthattheyneeded.1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something除外),all,none,few,little,some不定代词时，或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时。Thefirstthingthatmybrotherisgoingtodothisafternoonistostudyphysics.Ihavefoundthebestwaythatcouldfinishthetest.ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.2.先行词时序数词或者形容词最高级或者被其修饰时.Hewaswatchingthechildrenandparcelsthatlookedsostrange.Jacktookphotographsofthethingsandpeoplethathewasinterestedin.heytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool3.先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时。ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.4．当先行词被thevery,theonly,thesame修饰时。Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whichisthebikethatyoulost?5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。三.在以下情况中关系代词只能用which/whom。Theschool________heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschool___________heoncestudiedisveryfamous.Thisistheboy__________Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.Thisistheboy_______________Iplayedtennisyesterday.inwhichwherewhomwithwhomGreatchangesaretakingplaceinthecity____________theylive.Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecity____________theylive.Thereason_____________herefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.Thereason_____________herefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.Shanghaiisthecity_____________Iwasborn.Shanghaiisthecity_____________Iwasborn.whereinwhichwhyforwhichwhereinwhich四、当先行词本身就是that时，关系代词只能用which。

Idon’tlikethat

whichhedid.Whatisthat

whichisontheground?状语从句状语从句：在主从复合句中，充当状语的从句叫做状语从句。时间状语从句原因状语从句结果状语从句目的状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句状语从句时间状语从句连词(引导词)1.when,while,as2.until,till3.before,after4.since5.hardly...when…nosooner…than…assoonas1.when,while,as这三个词通常表示主句的动作和从句动作同时发生，且常表示过去发生的动作。when表示时间点或时间段1.Whenhewasachild,healwaystriedoutsomenewideas.2.Whenwewerehavinglunch,hearrived.3.Whenshecameintomyroom,Iwasjustreadingabook.

4.Whenhecalledmeup,Iarrived.while只能表示时间段1.Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.

2.WhileJimwasmendinghisbike,LinTaocametoseehim.

3.WhileIwasinBeijing,Ivisitedmanyinterestingplaces.4.WhileTomwasinEngland,helearntsomeEnglish.as基本等同于when，可以表示时间点也可表示时间段。1.Asweweretalkingon,hegotmoreandmoreexcited.

2.Justashecaughttheball,therewasatearingsound.3.Thestudentsweretakingnotesastheywerelistening.当主从句主语一致时，常表示一边…,一边….如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生，并且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as可以互换使用。as,when引导短暂性动作的动词1.When/While/Asweweredancing,astrangercamein.2.As/whenIstoppedmycar,amancameuptome.3.Asthetimewenton，theweathergotworse.从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as，不用when或while。注：

当主从句动作发生有先后时，连词只能用when。当我到达车站时，火车已经离开了。WhenIarrivedatthestation,thetrainhadleft.若动作发生在过去，根据动作的先后判断时态。当他回来时，我会告诉你的。Whenhecomesback,Iwillletyouknowit.若动作发生在将来，时态遵循主将从现。2.until,till肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。Islepttillhecalledmeup.我一直睡到他给我打电话。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”,动词常为非延续性动词。Ididn’tgotosleepuntilhecalledmeup.直到他给我打电话，我才去睡觉。till，until的区别Islepttillhecalledmeup.Ididn’tgotosleepuntilhecalledmeup.当主语表示肯定时，till和until可以互换，但主语表示否定时，只能用until。Islepttillhecalledmeup.Ididn’tgotosleepuntilhecalledmeup.untilhecalledmeup,Ididn’tgotosleep.until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首在not…until引导的时间状语从句中，可以将notuntil提至句首，句子发生倒转。Ididn’tgotosleepuntilhecalledmeup.Ididnotgotosleepuntilhecalledmeup.Notuntilhecalledmeup

didIgotosleep.Notuntiltheworkisdonewillhegohome.Hewon’tgohomeuntiltheworkisdone.当notuntil提至句首，主句倒装，从句不倒装。3.before,afterbefore,after连接主从句时，主从句的动作有明显的先后顺序。如果动作发生在过去，注意看下面的句子。在我看完电视后，我就去睡觉了。AfterIhadwatchedTV,Iwenttobed.在我睡觉前，我看完了电视。BeforeIwenttobed,IhadwatchedTV.

AfterIhadwatchedTV,Iwenttobed.当after表示先后顺序时，after后的从句表示先发生的动作，时态用过去完成时；主句则表示后发生的动作，时态用一般过去时。BeforeIwenttobed,IhadwatchedTV.

当before表示先后顺序时，before后的从句表示后发生的动作，时态用一般过去时；主句则表示先发生的动作，时态用过去完成时。4.sincesince引导时间状语从句时态相对比较单一。自从来到中国，他在中国生活了10年了。SincehecametoChina,hehaslivedherefor10years.自她听到这个消息以来就一直不开兴。Hehas

beenunhappysinceheheardthenews.since引导的时间状语从句，从句时态常用一般过去时，主句时态常用现在完成时。since作为连词常见的句型结构。Itis时间段since一般过去时从句Ithasbeen时间段since一般过去时从句自过去发生某事到现在有多长时间了。自上次见到你已经有10年了。Itis10yearssinceImetyoulasttime.Ithasbeen10yearssinceImetyoulasttime.5.hardly…when…nosooner…than…assoonas

一个动作刚结束，另一个动作就发生了。这个三个词所表示的动作常常有先后顺序。Tom一吃完午饭就去玩游戏了。AssoonasTomhadhadlunch,heplayedgames.Tomhad

hardly

hadlunchwhenheplayedgames.Tomhadnosoonerhadlunchthanheplayedgames.他们一完成工作就去休息了。Theyhadnosoonerfinishedtheworkthantheytookarest.Theyhadhardlyfinishedtheworkwhentheytookarest.Assoonastheyhadfinishedthework,theytookarest.当hardly，nosooner位于句首时，句子主句发生半倒转。Theyhadnosoonerfinishedtheworkthantheytookarest.Theyhadhardlyfinishedtheworkwhentheytookarest.Nosoonerhadtheyfinishedtheworkthantheytookarest.

Hardlyhadtheyfinishedtheworkwhentheytookarest.注：以下连词需要注意的时态when,as,until,till,before,after，assoonas当主从句的动作未发生(发生在将来)，时态常用主将从现。当你遇到他时，他会告诉你真相。Whenyoumeet

him,hewilltellyouthetruth.随着夏天的到来，天气会越来越热。Assummercomes,itwillbehotterandhotter.以下连词需要注意的时态when,as,until,till,当主从句的动作表示经发生的动作时，主从句时态常用主现从现。每当我遇到Tom，他总是很开心。WhenImeetTom,heisalwayshappy.他每晚完成作业后才去睡觉。Hedoesn’tgotobeduntilhefinishestheworkeverynight.

原因状语从句、结果状语从句在这两种状语从句中，主从句之间的关系表示因果关系。有时这两种从句可以相互转化。原因状语从句:从句说明主句动作发生的原因。because,as,sincebecause表示直接原因，语气最强，最适合回答why引导的疑问句。IdoitbecauseIlikeit.Wewentbybusbecauseitwascheaper.since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”)，语气比because弱。Sinceyouarefreetoday,youhadbetterhelpmewithmymathematics.Sinceyoudon'ttrusthim,youshouldnotemployhim.Sinceyouaregrownup,youshouldnotrelyonyourparents.as引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”，含有对比说明的意味，语气比since弱，较为正式，位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。Asitisraining,you’dbettertakeataxi.Asyouaretired,youhadbetterrest.Iwenttobedearly,asIwasexhausted.for连接的是并列句，不是复合句。表示前后句之间的关系是原因关系，只提供一些辅助性的补充说明。Hecouldnothaveseenme,forIwasnotthere.Heseldomgoesoutnow,forheisveryold.whatfor也可以用来提问原因结果状语从句：从句说明主句动作发生的结果。so…that…(如此…以致…)such…that…(如此…以致…)Theyaresuchfineteachersthatweallholdthemingreatrespect.Hespeakssofastthatnoonecancatchhim.1)so+形/副+that从句①Theboyissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.②Hespeakssofastthatnoonecancatchhim.2)so+many/few（+复名）+that从句Therearesomanypicture-storybooksthattheboywon'tleave.3)so+much/little（+不可数名词）+that从句Hegavemesolittletimethatitwasimpossibleformetofinishtheworkontime.4)so+形+a/an+单名+that从句Itwassohotadaythattheywantedtogoswimming.1)such+a/an+形+单名+that从句Heissuchayoungboythathecan'tgotoschool.2)such+形+复名/不可数名词+that从句

①Theyaresuchfineteachersthatweallholdthemingreatrespect.②ItissuchniceweatherthatIwouldliketogotothebeach.3)sucha/an单名+that从句HeissuchamanthatIdon’twanttoseehimagain.4)such可数复数/不可数that从句Hegotsuchsuccessthathewasveryexcited.两种状语从句之间的转化Hespeakssofastthatnoonecancatchhim.Becausehespeakssofast,noonecancatchhim.ItissuchniceweatherthatIwouldliketogotothebeach.Becauseitissuchniceweather,Iwouldliketogotothebeach.Becausetheboywastired,hefellasleepquickly.Theboywassotiredthathefellasleepquickly.Becausehemadeastupidmistake,hecouldnotforgivehimself.Hemadesuchastupidmistakethathecouldnotforgivehimself.原因状语从句和并列句的转化Hedidn’tcometoworkbecausehehadabadcold.表示因果关系的并列连词：for(原因),so(结果)Hedidn’tcometowork,forhehadabadcold.Hehadabadcold,sohedidn’tcometowork.结果状语从句和简单句的转化so…that(从句为肯定句)=…形/副+enough+(forsb.)todosth.Heissooldthathecangotoschoolalone.=Heisoldenoughtogotoschoolalone.ThequestionissoeasythatIcandoit.=Thequestioniseasyenoughformetodo.当主从句主句不一致时，为了说明todo动作的发出者，常在todo前for

sb.so…that(从句为否定句)=…too+形/副+(forsb.)todosth.TheproblemissohardthatIcan’tworkitout.=Theproblemistoohardformetoworkout.=Theproblemisn’teasyenoughformetoworkout.让步状语从句：主从句关系表转折。常用引导词:although,though,evenif,eventhough.nomatter+疑问词=疑问词-ever(无论…)即便他不知道该如何解决这个问题，他还是尝试了。Although

hedidn’tknowhowtosolvetheproblem,hetried.无论你去哪里，我都会找到你。Nomatterwhereyougo,Iwillfindyou.Whereveryougo,Iwillfindyou.although/though不可与but连用(二者只选其一)，但可与still/yet连用。尽管他年龄大了，但依然很强壮。Although/Thoughheisveryold,heisstillstrong.Heisveryold,butheisstrong.在时态上要保持一致。无论发生什