2021北京城区高三英语一模阅读理解D篇汇总带答案

2021北城区高三英语一模阅读理篇汇总2021海高三一模DMoveOver,SelfishGeneEvolutiontraditionallyaproblemwithnicepeople.onlytheindividualssurvive,erationiswidespreadinnature,fromplantsalertingeachothertodangertodolphinscooperatingtoupfish.Adecades-oldideacalledselectionexplainsomeofthis:iforganisms(

生物)enoughDNAinthentheyfurthertheirownselfishhelpingoneanother.BeesandantsasystemofreproductionleavescolonymemberscloselyrelatedtheyactalmostsinglesuperorganismAndamonganysexuallyreproducingspeciesparentalcarehelpsindividualspassontheirgenes.Butkinselectioncannotexplainwhyhumansarenicetostrangers.ideaisthatwehaveevolvedtobesuper-cooperativebecause,overtime,morecooperativegroupshaveoutcompetedlesscooperativeones.Buttheregenerallyisn'tenoughgeneticvariationbetweengroupstoallownaturalselectionfavorcooperativeones.Someresearchersthinkthesolutionliesinanideacalledculturalgroupselection.Forgetsharedgenes,argue.Selectioncanfavorcooperativegroupsthepeoplewithinshareenoughculture.Theideaiscontroversialbecausetoitrequiresthatgroupsremainculturallydistinct,Ascriticspointout,peopletendtomigrate(迁)betweengroups,whichshouldhomogenize(使同质化ideasandcustoms.Thosetheconceptcounterthatgroupshavewaystomaintaintheirdistinctculture,includingaprocesscalled准)enforcement.Putsimply,ifsomeonemigratesintoanewculturalgroup,theyarepressuredintofollowinglocalrulesbecausefailingtodosoleadstopunishment.Earlierthisyear,MathewandHandleyatArizonaStateUniversitypublishedastudytestingtheidea.They759peoplefourethnicgroupsinKenyawhocompeteintensivelyforland,waterandlivestock.Thepairestimatedthatgeneticdifferencesbetweenindividualsfromdifferentwasgenerallylessthan15%.Culturalpracticesandbeliefsvariedmuchmore,by1

107to20%.Peoplecooperatedmostwithoftheirowngroup,asculturalgroupselectionpredicts,toalesserextentwithmembersofothergroupswhosemostcloselytheirThatsenseifcultureratherthangeneticswhatmatters.thinkthisisoneoftheexplicitofculturalgroupselectiontheorysofar,saysNoteveryoneispersuaded.KrasnowHarvardUniversityseesnotheoreticalflawwiththeidea,saysthatsomeofhisresearchunderminesit.Hehasfoundpeopledon'tenforcetheruleswithintheirbutpunishpeopleotherwhotofollowtheirowngroup’snorms.Mathewcountersthatitisreasonabletoenforcethenormsonoutsidersasasteptowardsincorporating(使入intoculturalgroup.“Thisisoftenhowempiresexpand,”shesays.31.ofantsusedto_________.A.highlightthesignificantrolereproductionB.demonstratetheefficiencyasuperorganismC.revealwhyparentscareabouttheirselfishgenesD.explainthecauseoforganismshelpinganother32.Fortheideaofculturalgroupselectiontowork,-conditionisthat_________.A.cooperativegroupshaveachanceofsurvivalB.geneticvariationsinculturalgroupsmallC.culturaldifferencesareweakenedwithpeoplemigratingD.culturaldistinctivenesscanbepreservedcertainmethods33.textdevelopedmainlythrough_________.A.sortinginformationintodifferenttopicsB.narratingeventsintimeorderC.presentingdoubtsandexploringanswersD.discussingsimilaritiesanddifferences34.Welearnfrompassagethat_________.A.cultureasignificantroleinchoosingcooperatorsB.beingselfishisofvitalimportanceforindividualtosurvive2

C.’sstudyresultcontradictswhatculturalgroupselectionpredictsD.peoplejoiningnewgroupwillbepunishedfornotkeepingtheirownculture2021阳高三一模DLessonstheofListeningthetimelistenedtosomeone?whenwasthelasttimesomeonereallylistenedyou?onceaskedpeoplewhatmeantbeagoodlistener.Thetypicalresponsewasablankstare.Ofcourse,technologyplaysrole.Peoplefindphonecallsinterruptingthem,preferringtextorwordlessemoji.Besides,schoolscollegesrarelyclassesoractivitiesthatteachcarefullistening.Youcanjoinclubstoperfectyourpublicspeaking,butwhoattemptstoachieveexcellenceinlistening?Theunpleasantmixtureofsoundsofmodernlifealsouslistening.Generally,listeninggoesbeyondsimplyhearingwhatpeoplesay.Italsoinvolvespayingattentiontheyitwhattheydowhiletheyaresayingit,inwhatcontext,whattheysayrelatedtoyou.’saboutmerelyholdingyourpeacewhilesomeoneelseholdsforth.Quitetheopposite.Aoflisteninghastodorespond—thedegreeyoufacilitatetheclearexpressionofanotherperson’sthoughtsand,intheprocess,clearmindofyourown.Goodlistenersgoodquestions.Theyinexploringthetopic,notdivertattention.Therearecuriousquestionslike“Wouldn’tyouagree…?”or“Don’tyouthink…?Thesequestionsstrongtendencies.willgreatlyinfluencetheotherpersontochangehisherview.you’dbetterstayawayfromsomepersonalquestionslikedoyoudoliving?”or“Whatpartoftowndoyoulive”Justtrytofindoutexcitespeople.Askaboutthelastmovietheysawforthestorybehindapieceofjewelrythey’rewearing.Alsogoodareexpansivequestions,suchas,“Ifyoucouldspendamonth,wherewouldyougo?Researchindicatesthatwhenpeople’tknoweachotheraskothertypeofquestion,theyfeelmoreconnectedthaniftheytogetherachievinga3

Becauseourbraincanalotfasterpeopletalk,becarefulthetendencytotakementalsidetripswhenyouarelistening.Smartpeople’sattentioniseasilytakenawaybytheirownrunawaythoughts.Theyalsoassumetheyalreadyknowwhatotherpersongoingtosay.Therewardofgoodlisteningwillcertainlybemoreinterestingconversations.Researchershavefoundthatattentivelistenersreceivemoreinformationspeakers,whentheydon’taskquestions.Weare,eachofus,thesumofwhatweattendtoinlife.gentlevoiceofamotherandthecriticismofabossbothultimatelyformandshapeus.Andtolistenpoorly,selectivelynotatlimitsunderstandingofworldandpreventsyoufrombecomingthebestyoucanbe.31.offactorsthatinfluencelisteningisthat______.A.ourconfidenceinlisteningdecreasingB.ourspeechcreatesalotofnoisearoundusC.listeningareseldomtaughtschoolD.textingcausesabettereffectthancalls32.doesParagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Whytheartoflisteninglostbyitself.B.Whyeffectiveareusedinlistening.C.Howpeoplemakethemselveswellunderstood.D.Howpeoplecanreclaimlostoflistening.33.Accordingtheauthor,whatshouldpeopledotheylistening?A.Avoidbeing-B.upcuriousquestions.C.Focusonthespeakerpersonalinformation.D.Trytofindinterestswiththespeaker.34.beinferredthepassage?A.Listeningspeakingdeserveequalattention.B.listenersmaximizethebenefitsforthemselves.C.Badlisteningultimatelycontributespeoplefailure.D.Listeners’clearfacilitatesspeakersexpressionofthoughts.4

2021台高三一模Atuniversity,when1toldpeoplestudyingforahistorydegree,responsealmostalwaysthesame,toateacher?"No,ajournalist.“Oh.ButyounotmajoringinInthewhenauniversityeducationaprivilege,perhapstherewasn’tassumptionthatdegreehadaspringboarddirectlyintocareer.Thosearegone.Today,adegreeallbutnecessityformarket,onethathalvesyourchancesofbeingunemployed.Still,thatalonenoguaranteeofa-andyetwe'repayingmoremoreforone.Giventhosecosts,mostofuswantthatthatleadtoaplug-and-typeofapproachhighereducation.Wanttojournalist?journalism,’retold.Alawyer?Pursue-Nottotallysure?intoSTEM(Science,Technology,EngineerMaths)—youbecomeanengineerorexpert.Andmatterwhatdo,forgetthehumanities,suchasphilosophyandlanguages.truethehumanitiescomewithahigherriskofunemployment,buttheriskslighterthanyouwouldimagine.ForpeopleinU.S.,theunemploymentrateofthosehumanitiesdegreesfourpercent,justamorethanthatofengineeringdegreeholders.Lowersalariesmaycausedbythedegreeitselfeither.Thegenderpersiststhehumanities,whosegraduatesaremorelikelyfemale.itanywonderthenlanguageteacherstendmakelessthanengineers?AccordingtoLinkedIn'sresearchthemost-jobskillsbyemployersfor2019,theabilitycommunicateandgetalongwithpeople,understandwhat'sonotherpeoplesminds,andfull-strengthcriticalanalysisvaluedandappreciated.goeswithoutsayingthatcananexcellentcommunicatorandcriticalthinkerwithouthumanitiesdegree.Andgooduniversityeducation,justoneinEnglishorpsychology,shouldsharpentheseabilitiesfurther.Butfewcoursesofstudyquiteasheavyonreading,writing,speakingandcriticalthinkingaswhetherthat'sdebatingotherstudentsinaseminar,writing5

athesispaperanalyzingpoetry.ThequestionofwhetherastudentshouldchooseSTEMversusthehumanitiesmightbemisguidedtobeginwith.Theheadlinesmostofusseedonhelp.Whateverstudentpursuesinuniversity,itsomethingthattheynotgoodat,butinterestedin.Evenifitmeanspursuinga“useless-likeoneinhumanities.31.Whyarepeoplepayingmoreandmoreforadegree?A.peopleneedadegreetofurthertheircareer.B.universityeducationisconsideredprivilege.C.adegreeviewedasaforlandingajob.D.theirinterestcanbedevelopeduniversity.32.authora--playtypeofapproachshow_________A.aforchoosingmajorB.theimportanceofhighereducationC.problemthatexistsamongSTEMgraduatesD.thereasonwhypeopleoverlookthehumanities33.Accordingtheauthor,whatisthebenefitofmajoringinhumanities?A.comparativelyhighsalarygraduation.B.Betterchancesofgettingridofgenderprejudice.C.bettercommunicativeskillthansciencestudents.D.Moreexposurethetrainingoflanguagethinking.34.theattitudetowardsthepursuitofhumanities?A.Doubtful.B.Optimistic.C.Objective.D.Concerned.2021石一模DNowadays,videohasmadeimpressivegainstheofstandardizedcompetition.Oneofthefashionabledebatesiswhethercompetitivevideogamesaresportsornot.If6

cyberathletesarecompetingagainstformalteamsinformalenvironment,withrealtitlesandmonetarystakesontheitseemsstrangenottoconsidertheactivityasport.However,unlesssomethingtechnologicallyoddgainscompletecontroloverourworldinthenextfewdecades,theynevershouldbe.CyberathletesandeSportsarenincomparabletotraditionalathletesandsportsbecausetheyrequirephysicalexertiondedication.Theyareincomparablebecausetheyaredifferentfromtraditionalsportsinaofways.Traditionalsportsaresteadfast,andconsistentintheirstructuresandmechanics.AprofessionalAmericanfootballplayerfromanydecadecouldbetransplantedintoacurrentfootballandwouldonlyhavetotoldofafewrulechanges.Theplayerwhattodo,wheretogo,andtoaccomplishtheultimategoal.mayneedtolearnanewplays,butitfundamentallythesamegame.However,competitivevideogaminghasavarietyofgoals,andthosegoalsarefluidanddynamic.Acompetitivevideogamerdecadespastmightbeawareofthefinalgoal(winningthegame,capturingtheflag,eliminatingtheopposingteam,buttheexecution执行方式wouldbecompletelyforeign.Controlschange,mapschange,locationschange,eventheminuterulesareadjustedonaregularbasis.acompetitivegamer,oneneedstoadapttoamuchmoreaggressiverulesetmostsportsorothergames.Thereforethevideogamecompetitionsarelesslikelytobeproperlyregulated.MosttraditionalsportsareapproachablebyEveryman,eventheesoteric(深的)ones,atleastinaneducationalsetting,wherebudgetsandfundingaresetforthem.Whilecomputersarewidelyaccessible,largepercentageofthegamingpopulationisunabletoparticipateincompetitivegamingduetothehigh-standardcomputingrequirements.Evendecade-oldcompetitivegameslike-1.6requiremoreandgearmosttraditionalsports.Apick-upgameofbasketball,football,orsoccerfarmoreaccessiblethanapick-gameof-StrikeTraditionalsportsareembeddedincultureforgoodreasons:theyofferanentertainingdiversionandgreatformofphysicalactivitymillionsworldwidefans.Theprincipleslessonsgleanedfromtraditionalsportsemphasizeteamwork,collaboration,andcriticalevaluationsofgivensetting.Whilemanyoftheselessonsareapplicabletocompetitivegaming,competitivevideogamersaredistancingthemselvesfromcompetingfor“sport7

status,whentheirpastimeandtradeissofundamentallydifferentandever-changingatsucharegularpace.31.theauthoropiniontowardscompetitivevideogames?A.canseenassportsduetotheiremphasisonteamwork.B.seensportstotheirstandardizedregulations.C.notseensportstotheirlackofphysicalmentalefforts.D.canseensportstotheinconsistentrulesandrequirements.32.doesunderlined“foreigninParagraph2probablyA.Difficult.B.C.Typical.D.Different.33.WhydoestheauthormentionCounterinParagraph3?A.ToexplainthereasoneSportssurpasstraditionalsports.B.ToexplorepossibilitythatcompetitivevideogameswillbeC.ToprovideanexampleofthedifferencebetweeneSportsandtraditionalD.Toaccountforthefactthatthecompetitivefeaturesofvideogamesareimpressive.34.HowdoestheauthordevelophisA.Byquotingandciting.B.Bylistingandanalyzing.C.Bycomparisonandcontrast.D.Byexplainingandevaluating.2021东城高三一模DAlbertEinstein’s1915masterpieceFoundationoftheGeneralTheoryofRelativity”isthefirstandstillthebestintroductiontosubject,andIassuchtostudents.Butitprobablywouldn’tpublishableinascientificjournaltoday.Whynot?Afterall,passwithflyingcoloursthetestsofcorrectnesssignificance.Andwhilepopularbeliefholdsthatthepaperwasincomprehensibletoitsfirstreaders,infactpapersintheoreticalphysicsaremuchdifficult.AsthephysicistRichardFeynmanwrote,“Therewasatimewhenthenewspaperssaidthat8

only12menunderstoodthetheoryofrelativity.Idobelievetheremighthaveatimeonlymandid,becausehetheonlyguywhocaughton,beforehewrotehispaper.afterpeoplethepaperlotunderstoodtheoryrelativityinsomewayorother,certainlymore12.”No,theproblemisitsstyle.Itstartswithleisurelyphilosophicaldiscussionofspaceandtimeandthencontinuesanexpositionofknownmathematics.Thosetwosections,whichwouldbeconsideredextraneoustoday,takeuphalfthepaper.therearecitationspreviousscientists’work,norarethereanygraphics.Thosefeaturesmightmakeapapernotgetpastthefirsteditors.Asimilarprocessofprofessionalizationhastransformedotherofscientificlandscape.Requestsresearchtimeatmajorobservatoriesornationallaboratoriesaremorerigidlystructured.anythinginvolvingworkwithhumansubjects,orputtinginstrumentsinspace,involvespilesofpaperwork.WeseealsointheRegeneronScienceSearch,theNobelPrizeofhighschoolsciencecompetitions.theearlydecadesofits78-history,winningprojectswereusuallythesortofcleverbutnaive,amateurisheffortsmightexpecttalentedbeginnersworkingontheirown.Today,polishedworkcomingoutinternships(实习atestablishedlaboratoriesisthenorm.Theseprofessionalizingtendenciesareanaturalconsequenceoftheexplosivegrowthofmodernscience.Standardizationandsystemmakeiteasiertomanagetherapidflowofpapers,applicationspeople.thereareseriousdownsides.Alotofunproductiveeffortgoesintojumpingthroughbureaucratic繁缛节,andoutsidersentrybarriersatturn.Ofcourse,Einsteinfoundhiswaytomeetingmodernstandardspublishinghisresults.scientificcorewouldn’thavechanged,butthepapermightnotbethesametastetoread.31.AccordingRichardFeynman,Einstein’s1915paper______.A.aclassictheoreticalphysicsB.turnedouttocomprehensibleC.furtherimprovementD.attractedfewprofessionals9

32.doesunderlined“extraneousinParagraph4mean?A.Unrealistic.C.Unattractive.

B.Irrelevant.D.Imprecise.33.Accordingtheauthor,whatisaffectedmodernsciencedevelops?A.applicationofresearchfindings.B.principleofscientificresearch.C.selectionofyoungtalents.D.Theevaluationlaboratories.34.wouldbethebestforpassage?A.Einsteingreat?B.Willscienceprofessionalized?C.Einsteingetpublishedtoday?D.willsciencemakeadvances?2021西高三一模Plants,theinsectswhichrelyonthem,arethelivingfoundationsofourplanet.thesefoundationsareunderstressbecausewehaveatendencytoreplacefieldsandforestswithdecorativetreesandshrubsimportedfromaroundtheworld.Addingtheproblem,ourobsession(痴迷withperfectionleadsususealotofpesticides杀虫剂.Theseactionsarepartthereasonglobalbiodiversitycrashing.ThereareoverthreebillionfewerbirdsinNorththantherewerein1970.Recentresearchshowsthatinsectnumbers,eveninnaturereserves,havefallen,and40percentallinsectspeciesmayextinctwithinadecades.Thisdiscouragingnews;however,thereareactionswecanhelpbringleastsomespeciesback.Thefirststepisredefineourconceptof“gardenincludejusttointentionallyshareourspace,andnotjustwiththebirds,beesandbutterfliesthatvisitourflowers,butwithinsectsthatmayapart(veryrarelyofourplants.Therefore,wemustlimitpesticideuse.’scrucialtosupportnature’srecovery,and’sbetterforeveryone:nodoctorhaseverrecommended-exposuretopesticides.drought-tolerantplantsbroughtinfromacrosstheplanetarebeingpassedoffasecofriendly.However,mostlynot.Yes,you’resavingwater,butforeignpl