中考英语语法复习学案 定语从句

定语从句一．定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有：关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?三．关系副词的用法：1.when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语IthappnedinNovemberwhentheweatherwaswetandcold.2.where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中做地点状语Let’slookforaplacewherewecanswim.3.why指原因，其先行词常是reason，在句中做原因状语Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.关系代词只用that,不用which的情况1.先行词为：all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代词时。Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.2.先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.3.先行词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰，或先行词本身就是最高级或序数词时。ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.4.先行词既指人又指物时。Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.5.先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时。Heistheonlymanthatcandothework.6.句中已经有who或which,为了避免重复时，Whoisthegirlthatisdrawingapicture?【练习】用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.

Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.2.

Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3.

Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.4.

Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5.

Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.6.

Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.7.

Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.8.Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.9.Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.10.Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.11.Thestorybook____________Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.12.Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.13.Thisisshirt___________Iboughtyesterday.14.Adictionaryisabook________givesthemeaningtotheword.15.Thebook____________isonthetableismine.16.Thefilm____________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.17.Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.18.Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?19.Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.20.Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.单项选择()1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose()2.What’sthenameoftheprogram________.A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningtoC.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening()3.Thestudentswereallinterested____youtoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthat D.ineverything()4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.A.whom B.whose C.that D.which()5.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.A.where B.inwhich C.which D.inthat()6.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.A.that B.what C.which D.who()7.Doyouknowthestudent_____?A.whomIoftentalk B.withwhoIoftentalkC.Ioftentalkwith D.thatIoftentalk()8.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.A.whose B.who’s C.it's D.its()9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary_____?A.whatIneedB.Ineed C.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit()10.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.who B.towhom C.whom D.that()11．Didyoufindthenotebook______Jimhadgivenmeformybirthday?A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose()12.That'sall______Ihaveseenandheard.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.what()13.Haveyouseentheman_____planweweretalkingabout______yesterday?A.who,themB.its,themC.whose,/D.whose,them()14.TheOscarisoneofthefilmprizes____offeredtoanyChineseactororactresssofar.A.whicharenotB.thathavenotbeenC.thathasnotD.thathasnotbeen()15.Heneverreadsanything______isnotworthreading.A.thatB.asC.whoD.which()16.Theman________coatisblackiswaitingatthegate.A.who'sB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich()17._________cleanstheclassroomcangohomefirst.A.AnyoneB.thosewhoC.HoweverD.Theonewho()18.Thepolicecaughttheman_______stolemyhandbag.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which()19.Thegirl________isreadingunderthetree________mysister.A.which,isB.whom,wasC.who,isD.who,was()20.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which【真题练习】1.Therearelotsofthings Ineedtopreparebeforethetrip.A.who B.that C.whom D.whose2.Jimdislikespeople______talkmuchbutneverdoanything.A.who B.whom C.whose3.—IhearSamhasgonetoQiandiaoforhisholiday.--Oh,hownice!Doyouknowwhenhe_______?A.left B.wasleaving C.hasleft D.hadleft4.Wearetryingtohelpthosechildren_____losttheirparentsinYushu,QinghaiProvince.A.which B.when C.who D.whose5.Doyouknowthegirl_______issingingintheclassroom?A.who B.which C.when6.）Jimdislikespeople_______talkmuchbutneverdoanything.A.whom B.when C.whose D.who7.—ThevolunteersaredoingagreatjobinYushu.--Yes.Theyarehelpingthepeople______aresufferingfromtheearthquake.A.which B.what C./ D.who8.Haveyoufoundtheanswertothequestion______Iaskedyouthismorning?A.when B.what C.that9.Friendsarethosemakeyousmile，alwaysopentheirheartstoyouandencourageyoutosucceedAwhichBwhatCwhomDwho10.IbegantoworkinShanghaiintheyear_______HongKongwasreturnedtoChina.A.that B.which C.where D.when11.Sorry,wedon’thavethecoat______youneed.A.whatB.whoC.whomD.which12.Thisisthenovel______iswrittenbyGuoJingming.A.whoB.whatC.thatD./13.Jimdislikespeople______talkmuchbutneverdoanything.A.whomB.when C.whoseD.who14.Thegirl_________issittingunderthebigtreeisLynn’scousin.A.who B.whom C.whose D.which15.It’stimetosaygoodbyetomyschool.I’llalwaysrememberthepeople_______havehelpedme.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.where16.ThewholeworldisfightingagainsttheH1N1,adisease______hascausedmanydeaths.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.what17.Disneyisanamusementpark_______youcanfindallthenormalattractionsandDisneymoviesandcharacters.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when18.Theyounglady________wemetyesterdayisournewmathteacher.A.whatB.whoseC.whoD.which19.(Theskirt_________ismadeofsilkisveryexpensive.Ican’taffordit.A.whatB./C.thatD.it20.Iliketheteacher________classesareveryinterestingandcreative.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.whose21.Jack,thereissomeoneintheoffice______wouldliketospeakwithyou.A.whoB.whichC.whom22.ShaolinTemple________liesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesthevisitorsbothathomeandabroad.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what23.Weshouldgivelovetothechildren_______lost