狄更斯英文介绍

CharlesDickens查尔斯·狄更斯Introuction

CharlesJohnHuffamDickens(7February1812–9June1870)wasanEnglishwriterandsocialcritic.Hecreatedsomeoftheworld'smostwell-knownfictionalcharactersandisgenerallyregardedasthegreatestnovelistoftheVictorianperiod.Duringhislife,hisworksenjoyedunprecedented（史无前例的，空前的）fame,andbythetwentiethcenturyhewaswidelyseenasaliterarygenius['dʒinjəs]bycriticsandscholars.Hisnovelsandshortstoriescontinuetobewidelypopular.LifetimeBorninPortsmouth,England,Dickenswasforcedtoleaveschooltoworkinafactory

whenhisfatherwasthrownintodebtors'prison.Althoughhehadlittleformaleducation,hisearlyimpoverishmentdrovehimtosucceed.Overhiscareerheeditedaweeklyjournalfor20years,wrote15novels,fivenovellasandhundredsofshortstoriesandnon-fictionarticles,lecturedandperformedextensively,wasanindefatigableletterwriter,andcampaignedvigorouslyforchildren'srights,education,andothersocialreforms.狄更斯出生在英国朴茨茅斯，在他的父亲因债务被投入监狱之后，他离开了学校去工厂上班。虽然他只接受了一点儿的正规教育，但是他早期的贫困经历促使他走向了成功。在他的职业生涯中，他为了一个周刊做了20年的编辑，写了15部小说，5部中篇小说，以及数百计的短篇故事和非小说类文章，他还不断地演讲和表演，是一位不知疲倦的多产作家。同时，他还为了儿童权利、教育、和其他社会改革进行积极的竞选。LiteraryStyle☻Fantasticoptimism充满幻想的乐观精神☻Novelapicaresca“流浪汉小说”的结构模式☻Exaggeration夸张的艺术手法☻GentleReformismandstronghumanitarian温和的改良主义和强烈的人道主义☻Hecriticisebourgeoisandtheirmorality对资产者及道德的辛辣批判☻Explorationofman'sinnerconflicts尖锐的矛盾冲突主导情节设计☻Humorandsatiresocialcriticism幽默、尖锐的社会批判Forexample,thenameMr.MurdstoneinDavidCopperfieldstandsbymurderandstonycoldness.Hecallsonecharacterthe"NobleRefrigerator"—areoftenpopular.Comparingorphanstostocksandshares,peopletotugboats,ordinner-partygueststofurniturearejustsomeofDickens'sacclaimedflightsoffancy.举个例子：《大卫科波菲尔》中摩德斯通先生的名字让人想起了谋杀和无情的冷漠双重意思。他的文学风格也混合了幻想和现实主义。他把对英国贵族的势力和讽刺经常很流行，例如把一个人物称为”高贵的冰箱“。把婴儿比作股票和股份，把人比作商船，把宴会上的客人比作家具只仅仅是地封死被赞扬的精彩想象中的一部分。DifferentPeriodsofWorksEarlyWorks(1833---1841)Thought:Hecouldn'trecognizethereality,sohestillhavethehopewiththekindofbourgeois.TheKeynotesofWorks:optimismWritingTechniques:TheStructureofPicaresqueNovelsTheplotcoincidenceTheBritishSenseofHumourMasterworksThePickwickPapers《匹克威克先生外传》OliverTwist《雾都孤儿》NicholasNickleby

《尼古拉斯·尼克贝》Medium-termWorks(1842-1857)Thought:Histhoughtwereprofoundthanearlytime.Hisworkscouldreflectsociallifemoreprofoundlythanbefore.TheKeynotesofWorks:AlittledesolateWritingTechniques:ThestructuralintegrityMoreexaggeratedandhumoroustechniquesMasterworksDavidCopperfield

《大卫·科波菲尔》AChristmasCarol

《圣诞颂歌》DombeyandSon

《董贝父子》LateWorks(1858---Deaths)Thoughts:

ContinuelyprofoundTheKeynotesofWorks:DeeplyandausterelyWritingTechniques:

☻Veryrigorousstructure

☻Fullofsuspenseand☻symbolization

☻LesshumorousMasterworksATaleofTwoCities

《双城记》GreatExpectations

《远大前程》OurMutualFriend

《我们共同的朋友》ATaleofTwoCitiesItwasthebestoftimes,itwastheworstoftimes,itwastheageofwisdom,itwastheageoffoolishness,itwastheepochofbelief,itwastheepochofincredulity,itwastheseasonofLight,itwastheseasonofDarkness,Enjoyitwasthespringofhope,itwasthewinterofdespair,wehadeverythingbeforeus,wehadnothingbeforeus,wewereallgoingdirecttoHeaven,wewereallgoingdirecttheotherway“那是最昌明的时世，那是最衰微的时世；那是睿智开化的岁月，那是混沌愚昧的岁月；那是信仰笃诚的年代，那是疑云重重的年代；那是阳光灿烂的季节，那是长夜晦暗的季节；那是欣欣向荣的春天，那是死气沉沉的冬天；我们眼前无所不有，我们眼前一无所有；我们都径直奔向天堂，我们都径直奔向另一条路。”TheInfluence

Dickensexposeandcriticizeinhisworksallthepoverty,injustice,hypocrisyandcorruptnessheseesallaroundhim.Dickens'snovelsofferamostcompleteandrealisticpictureoftheEnglish.♣Hisnovelstellmuchoftheexperiencesofhischildhood.♣Almostallhisnovelshavehappyendings.♣Dickensisagreathumorist.♣Dickensisapettybourgeoisintellectualwriter.DeathCharlesDickensdiesbystrokeonJune9,1870andhewasburiedatWestminsterAbbeyinthePoet'sCorner."Hewasasympathisertothepoor,thesuffering,andtheoppressed;andbyhisdeath,oneofEngland'sgreatestwritersislosttotheworld."

1870年6月9日狄更斯因脑溢血与世长辞，他去世后被安葬在西敏寺的