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TypesofBillofLadingThedefinitionofbillofladingBilloflading,meansadocumentwhichevidencesacontractofcarriagebyseaandthetakingoverorloadingofthegoodsbythecarrier,andbywhichthecarrierundertakestodeliverthegoodsagainstsurrenderofthedocument.Aprovisioninthedocumentthatthegoodsaretobedeliveredtotheorderofthedocument.Aprovisioninthedocumentthatthegoodsaretobedeliveredtotheorderofanamedperson,ortoorder,ortobearer,constitutessuchanundertaking.TherelationshipinvolvedshipperconsigneecarrierbankThefunctionofbilloflading1.goodsreceipt货物收据2.titledocument物权凭证whichprovesownershipofthegoods.3.evidenceofcontractofcarrier
运输契约的证明
Themostimportantshippingdocumentisthebilloflading.theFrontpageofBillofLadingAccordingtoourcountry'sMaritimeLaw,itcontains:1.Description
of
the
goods,mark,number
of
packages
or
piece,weight
or
quantity,and
a
statement,if
applicable,as
to
the
dangerous
nature
of
the
goods.
2.Name
and
principal
place
of
business
of
the
carrier.
3.Name
oftheship.
4.Name
of
the
shipper.5.Name
of
the
consignee.
6.Port
of
loading
and
the
date
onwhichthe
good
were
takenover
by
the
carrier
at
the
port
of
loading.
7.Port
of
discharge.
8.Place
where
the
goods
were
taken
over
and
the
place
where
the
goods
are
to
be(delivered
in
caseof
a
multimodal
transport
bill
of
lading).
9.Date
and
place
of
issue
of
the
bill
of
lading
andthe
numberof
originals
issued.
10.Payment
of
freight.
11.Signature
of
the
carrier
or
of
a
person
actingon
his
behalf.
theBackpageofBillofLadingTheterms
onthebackpagesupportbothsidesrightsandobligationsasthebasis.MandatorytermsArbitrarinesstermsShippedbillofladingItisalsoreferedtoasonboardbilloflading.Itisissuedafterthecargoisactuallyloadedonboardthecarryingvessel.ReceivedbillofladingAreceivedforshipmentbillofladingisissuedwhenthegoodshavebeenplacedinthecustodyofthecarrierawaitingshipment.StraightbillofladingItisabillofladingthatismadeoutsothatonlythenamedconsigneeatthedestinationisentitledtotakedeliveryofthegoodsunderthebill.BlankbillofladingAnothernameforBlankbillofladingisopenbilloflading.Thistypeofbillcontainsnodefiniteconsigneeofthegoods.OrderedbillofladingAnOrderedbillofladingisabillinwhichitisstatedthatthegoodsareconsignedordestinedtotheorderofanypersonnamedinsuchabill.TOORDERTOORDEROFSHIPPERTOORDEROFBANKTOORDEROFXXXS.A.CleanbillofladingItisonewhichstatesthatthegoodshavebeen“shippedinapparentgoodorderandcondition.UncleanedbillofladingIfdefectsarefoundontheexteriorsofthegoods,orthecarrierdoesnotagreetoanyofthestatementsmadeinthebilloflading.DirectbillofladingItisonethatisissuedbythecarrierorhisagenttotheshipperwhenthegoodsaretobetransportedfromtheportofloadingdirecttotheportofdestinationwithoutinvolvingtranshipmentatanypointoftheentirevoyage.TranshipmentbillofladingItisonethatisissuedwhenthereisnodirectservicebetweentwoports,butwhentheshipownerispreparedtotranshipthegoodsatanintermediateportattheexpensesofhisown.ThroughbillofladingItsometimeshappensthattheentirevoyageofaconsignmentistobecompletedinstagesinvolvingmorethanonecarrier.CombinedbillofladingWhencargoisentrustedtoamultimodaltransportoperatorfromtheplaceoforigintotheplaceofdelivery,acombinedtransportbillofladingisissuedbyMTOorhisagent.Carrier1Shipper→MTO→Carrier2Carrier3CharterpartybillofladingCharterashiponavoyagebasistomovethegoods,whenthegoodsarehandedovertotheshipforcarriageatthedock,theship’smasterstillhastoissueabillofladingonbehalfoftheshipownertotheshipper.GroupagebillofladingShipper1→Shipper2→FreightForward→ShipownerAgentShipper3→(breakbulk)↙
consignee1consignee2consignee3On-deckbillofladingWhengoodsarestowedondeck,thebillofladingissuedforsuchgoodsbythecarrierisreferredtoasanon-deckbilloflading.StalebillofladingAbillisastalebillwhenitispresentedtotheconsigneeorthebankafterthegoods’arrival.Ante-datedbillofladingWhentheactualloadingdateislaterthanthedateofshipmentprescribedbytheletterofcredit,inordertoavoidnon-acceptanceofthebillbythebank,carrier,attherequestoftheshipper,willissueabillwithadateofsignaturethatsuitstherequirementoftheletterofcredit.AdvancedbillofladingItisonethatisissuedattherequestoftheshipperbeforethecommencementoftheactualloadingoperation.Itisimportanttonotethattheabove-mentionedbillsarenotindependentofeachother.Onebillmay,atthesametime,havemorethanonecharacteristic.
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